Santosakath±vaººan±

215. Atthadassanena padassapi viññ±yam±natt± padamanapekkhitv± santosassa attani atthit±ya bhikkhu santuµµhoti pavuccat²ti atthamatta½ dassetu½ “itar²tarapaccayasantosena samann±gato”ti vutta½. Santussati na luddho bhavat²ti hi padanibbacana½. Apica padanibbacanavasena atthe vutte yassa santosassa attani atthibh±vato santuµµho n±ma, so ap±kaµoti ta½ p±kaµakaraºattha½ “itar²tarapaccayasantosena samann±gato”ti atthamattam±ha, c²var±dike yattha katthaci kappiyapaccaye santosena samaªg²bh³toti attho. Itara-saddo hi aniyamavacano dvikkhattu½ vuccam±no ya½ kiñci-saddena sam±nattho hoti. Tena vutta½ “yattha katthaci kappiyapaccaye”ti. Atha v± itara½ vuccati h²na½ paº²tato aññatt±, tath± paº²tampi h²nato aññatt±. Aññamaññ±pekkh±siddh± hi itarat±, tasm± h²nena v± paº²tena v± c²var±dikappiyapaccayena santosena samaªg²bh³toti attho daµµhabbo. Santussati tena, santussanamattanti v± santoso, tath± pavatto alobho, alobhapadh±n± v± catt±ro khandh±. Labhana½ l±bho, attano l±bhassa anur³pa½ santoso yath±l±bhasantoso. Balanti k±yabala½, attano balassa anur³pa½ santoso yath±balasantoso. S±ruppanti sapp±ya½ patir³pa½ bhikkhuno anucchavikat±, attano s±ruppassa anur³pa½ santoso yath±s±ruppasantoso.
Aparo nayo– labbhateti l±bho, yo yo l±bho yath±l±bha½, itar²tarapaccayo, yath±l±bhena santoso yath±l±bhasantoso. Balassa anur³pa½ pavattat²ti yath±bala½, attano bal±nucchavikapaccayo, yath±-saddo cettha sas±dhana½ anur³pakiriya½ vadati, yath± ta½ “adhicittan”ti ettha adhi-saddo sas±dhana½ adhikaraºakiriyanti. Yath±balena santoso yath±balasantoso. S±ruppati patir³pa½ bhavati, sobhana½ v± ±ropet²ti s±ruppa½, ya½ ya½ s±ruppa½ yath±s±ruppa½, bhikkhuno sapp±yapaccayo, yath±s±ruppena santoso yath±s±ruppasantoso. Yath±vutta½ pabhedamanugat± vaººan± pabhedavaººan±.
Idh±ti s±sane. Añña½ na patthet²ti appattapatthanabh±vam±ha, labhantopi na gaºh±t²ti pattapatthan±bh±va½. Paµhamena appattapatthan±bh±veyeva vutte yath±laddhato aññassa apatthan± n±ma appicchat±yapi siy± pavatti-±k±roti appicchat±pasaªgabh±vato tatopi nivattameva santosassa sar³pa½ dassetu½ dutiyena pattapatthan±bh±vo vuttoti daµµhabba½. Evamuparipi. Pakatidubbaloti ±b±dh±divirahepi sabh±vadubbalo. Sam±no s²l±dibh±go yass±ti sabh±go, saha v± s²l±d²hi guºabh±gehi vattat²ti sabh±go, lajj²pesalo bhikkhu, tena. Ta½ parivattetv±ti pakatidubbal±d²na½ garuc²vara½ na ph±subh±v±vaha½, sar²rakhed±vahañca hot²ti payojanavasena parivattana½ vutta½, na atricchat±divasena. Atricchat±dippak±rena hi parivattetv± lahukac²varaparibhogo santosavirodh² hoti, tassa pana tadabh±vato yath±vuttappayojanavasena parivattetv± lahukac²varaparibhogopi na santosavirodh²ti ±ha “lahukena y±pentopi santuµµhova hot²”ti. Payojanavasena parivattetv± lahukac²varaparibhogopi na t±va santosavirodh², pageva tath± aparivattetv± paribhogeti sambh±vitassa atthassa dassanatthañhettha api-saddaggahaºa½. C²varaniddesepi “pattac²var±d²na½ aññataran”ti vacana½ yath±ruta½ gahit±vasesapaccayasantosassa c²varasantose samavarodhit±dassanattha½. “Therako ayam±yasm± mallako”ti-±d²su theravoh±rassa paññattimattepi pavattito dasavassato pabhuti ciravassapabbajitesveva idha pavattiñ±panattha½ “ther±na½ cirapabbajit±nan”ti vutta½, ther±nanti v± saªghatthera½ vadati. Cirapabbajit±nanti pana tadavasese vu¹¹habhikkh³. Saªk±rak³µ±ditoti kacavarar±si-±dito. Anantak±n²ti nantak±ni pilotik±ni. “A-k±ro cettha nip±tamattan”ti (vi. va. aµµha. 1165) vim±naµµhakath±ya½ vutta½. Tath± c±hu “nantaka½ kappaµo jiººavasana½ tu paµaccaran”ti natthi das±saªkh±to anto koµi yesanti hi nantak±ni, na-saddassa tu an±dese anantak±n²tipi yujjati. Saªketakovid±na½ pana ±cariy±na½ tath± avuttatt± v²ma½sitv± gahetabba½. “Sanantak±n²”tipi p±µho, nantakena saha sa½sibbit±ni pa½suk³l±ni c²var±n²ti attho. Saªgh±µinti tiººa½ c²var±na½ aññatara½ c²vara½. T²ºipi hi c²var±ni saªghaµitatt± “saªgh±µ²”ti vuccanti. Mahaggha½ c²vara½, bah³ni v± c²var±ni labhitv± t±ni vissajjetv± tadaññassa gahaºampi mahicchat±dinaye aµµhatv± yath±s±ruppanaye eva µhitatt± na santosavirodh²ti ±ha “tesa½…pe… dh±rentopi santuµµhova hot²”ti. Yath±s±ruppanayena yath±laddha½ vissajjetv± tadaññagahaºampi na t±va santosavirodh², pageva anaññagahaºena yath±laddhasseva yath±s±ruppa½ paribhogeti sambh±vitassa atthassa dassanatthañhettha api-saddaggahaºa½, eva½ sesapaccayesupi yath±balayath±s±ruppaniddesesu api-saddaggahaºe adhipp±yo veditabbo.
Pakativiruddhanti sabh±veneva asapp±ya½. Samaºadhammakaraºas²sena sapp±yapaccayapariyesana½, paribhuñjanañca visesato yuttataranti atthantara½ viññ±petu½ “y±pentop²”ti avatv± “samaºadhamma½ karontop²”ti vutta½. Missak±h±ranti taº¹ulamugg±d²hi n±n±vidhapubbaºº±paraººehi missetv± kata½ ±h±ra½.
Aññampi sen±sane yath±s±ruppasantosa½ dassento ±ha “yo h²”ti-±di. Paµhame hi naye yath±laddhassa vissajjanena, dutiye pana yath±pattassa asampaµicchanena yath±s±ruppasantoso vuttoti ayametesa½ viseso. Hi-saddo cettha pakkhantarajotako. Majjhim±gamaµµhakath±ya½ pana pi-saddo dissati. “Uttamasen±sana½ n±ma pam±daµµh±nan”ti vatv± tabbh±vameva dassetu½ “tattha nisinnass±”ti-±di vutta½. Nidd±bhibh³tass±ti thinamiddokkamanena cittacetasikagelaññabh±vato bhavaªgasantatisaªkh±t±ya nidd±ya abhibh³tassa, nidd±yantass±ti attho. Paµibujjhatoti tath±r³pena ±rammaºantarena paµibujjhantassa paµibujjhanahetu k±mavitakk± p±tubhavant²ti vutta½ hoti. “Paµibujjhanato”tipi hi katthaci p±µho dissati. Ayamp²ti paµhamanaya½ up±d±ya vutta½.
Tesa½ ±bhaten±ti tehi ther±d²hi ±bhatena, tesa½ v± yena kenaci santaken±ti ajjh±haritv± sambandho. Muttahar²takanti gomuttaparibh±vita½, p³tibh±vena v± mocita½ cha¹¹ita½ har²taka½, id±ni pana potthakesu “gomuttahar²takan”ti p±µho, so na por±ºap±µho tabbaººan±ya (d². ni. µ². 1.215) viruddhatt±. Catumadhuranti majjhim±gamavare mah±dhammasam±d±nasutte (ma. ni. 1.484 ±dayo) vutta½ dadhimadhusappiph±ºitasaªkh±ta½ catumadhura½, ekasmiñca bh±jane catumadhura½ µhapetv± tesu yadicchasi, ta½ gaºh±hi bhanteti attho. “Sacass±”ti-±din± tadubhayassa rogav³pasamanabh±va½ dasseti. Buddh±d²hi vaººitanti “p³timuttabhesajja½ niss±ya pabbajj±”ti-±din± (mah±va. 73, 128) samm±sambuddh±d²hi pasattha½. Appicchat±visiµµh±ya santuµµhiy± niyojanato paramena ukka½sagatena santosena santussat²ti paramasantuµµho.
K±mañca santosappabhed± yath±vuttatopi adhikatar± c²vare v²sati santos±, piº¹ap±te pannarasa, sen±sane ca pannarasa, gil±napaccaye v²sat²ti, idha pana saªkhepena dv±dasavidhoyeva santoso vutto. Tadadhikatarappabhedo pana caturaªguttare mah±-ariyava½sasuttaµµhakath±ya (a. ni. aµµha. 2.4.28) gahetabbo. Ten±ha “imin± pan±”ti-±di. Eva½ “idha mah±r±ja bhikkhu santuµµho hot²”ti ettha puggal±dhiµµh±naniddiµµhena santuµµhapadeneva santosappabheda½ dassetv± id±ni “k±yaparih±rikena c²varena kucchiparih±rikena piº¹ap±ten±”ti-±di desan±nur³pa½ tena santosena santuµµhassa anucchavika½ paccayappabheda½, tassa ca k±yakucchiparih±riyabh±va½ vibh±vento evam±h±ti ayamettha sambandho. K±mañcassa c²varapiº¹ap±teheva yath±kkama½ k±yakucchiparih±riyehi santuµµhat± p±¼iya½ vutt±, tath±pi sesaparikkh±racatukkena ca vin± vicaraºamayutta½, sabbattha ca k±yakucchiparih±riyat± laddhabb±ti aµµhakath±ya½ aya½ vinicchayo vuttoti daµµhabba½. Dantakaµµhacchedanav±s²ti lakkhaºamatta½ tadaññakiccass±pi t±ya s±dhetabbatt±, tena vakkhati “mañcap²µh±na½ aªgap±dac²varakuµidaº¹akasajjanak±le c±”ti-±di. Vuttampi ceta½ por±ºaµµhakath±su “na heta½ katthacipi p±¼iyam±gatan”ti.
Bandhananti k±yabandhana½. Pariss±vanena pariss±vanañca, tena sah±ti v± attho. Yutto kammaµµh±nabh±van±saªkh±to yogo yassa, tasmi½ v± yogo yuttoti yuttayogo, tassa.
K±ya½ pariharanti posenti, k±yassa v± parih±ro posanamatta½ payojanameteh²ti k±yaparih±riy± ka-k±rassa ya-k±ra½ katv±. Posanañcettha va¹¹hana½, bharaºa½ v±, tath± kucchiparih±riy±pi veditabb±. Bahiddh±va k±yassa upak±rakabh±vena k±yaparih±riyat±, ajjhoharaºavasena sar²raµµhitiy± upak±rakabh±vena kucchiparih±riyat±ti ayametesa½ viseso. Ten±ha “tic²vara½ t±v±”ti-±di. “Pariharat²”ti etassa poset²ti atthavacana½. It²ti nidassane nip±to, eva½ vuttanayena k±yaparih±riya½ hot²ti k±raºajotane v±, tasm± posanato k±yaparih±riya½ hot²ti. Evamuparipi. C²varakaººen±ti c²varapariyantena.
Kuµiparibhaº¹akaraºak±leti kuµiy± samantato vilimpanena sammaµµhakaraºak±le.
Aªga½ n±ma mañcap²µh±na½ p±d³pari µhapito padh±nasambh±raviseso. Yattha padarasañcinanapiµµhi-apassayan±d²ni karonti, yo “aµan²”tipi vuccati.
Madhuddumapuppha½ madhuka½ n±ma, makkhik±madh³hi katap³va½ v±. Parikkh±ramatt± parikkh±rapam±ºa½. Seyya½ pavisantass±ti paccattharaºakuñcik±na½ t±dise k±le paribhuttabh±va½ sandh±ya vutta½. Ten±ha “tatraµµhaka½ paccattharaºan”ti. Attano santakabh±vena paccattharaº±dhiµµh±nena adhiµµhahitv± tattheva sen±sane tiµµhanakañhi “tatraµµhakan”ti vuccati. Vikappanavacanato pana tesamaññatarassa navamat±, yath±vuttapaµip±µiy± cettha navamabh±vo, na tu tesa½ tath±patiniyatabh±vena. Kasm±ti ce? Tath±yeva tesamadh±raºato. Esa nayo dasam±d²supi. Tela½ paµis±metv± harit± ve¼un±¼i-±dik± telan±¼i. Nanu santuµµhapuggaladassane santuµµhova aµµhaparikkh±riko dassetabboti anuyoge yath±raha½ tesampi santuµµhabh±va½ dassento “etesu c±”ti-±dim±ha. Mahanto parikkh±rasaªkh±to bh±ro etesanti mah±bh±r±, aya½ adhun± p±µho, ±cariyadhammap±lattherena pana “mah±gaj±”ti p±µhassa diµµhatt± “dupposabh±vena mah±gaj± viy±ti mah±gaj±”ti (d². ni. µ². 1.215) vutta½, na te ettakehi parikkh±rehi “mahicch±, asantuµµh±, dubbhar±, b±hullavuttino”ti ca vattabb±ti adhipp±yo. Yadi itarepi santuµµh± appicchat±disabh±v±, kimetesampi vasena aya½ desan± icchit±ti codana½ sodhetu½ “bhagav± pan±”ti-±di vutta½. Aµµhaparikkh±rikassa vasena imiss± desan±ya icchitabh±vo katha½ viññ±yat²ti anuyogampi apaneti “so h²”ti-±din±, tasseva tath± pakkantabh±vena “k±yaparih±rikena c²varen±”ti-±di p±¼iy± yogyato tassa vasena icchitabh±vo viññ±yat²ti vutta½ hoti. Vacan²yassa hetubh±vadassanena hi v±cakass±pi hetubh±vo dassitoti Evañca katv± “iti imass±”ti-±di laddhaguºavacanampi upapanna½ hoti. Sallahuk± vutti j²vik± yass±ti sallahukavutti, tassa bh±vo sallahukavuttit±, ta½. K±yap±rih±riyen±ti bh±vappadh±naniddeso, bh±valopaniddeso v±ti dasseti “k±ya½ pariharaºamattaken±”ti imin±, k±yaposanappam±ºen±ti attho. Tath± kucchiparih±riyen±ti etth±pi. Vuttanayena cettha dvidh± vacanattho, µ²k±ya½ (d². ni. µ². 1.215) pana paµhamassa vacanatthassa heµµh± vuttatt± dutiyova idha vuttoti daµµhabba½. Mam±yanataºh±ya ±saªgo. Pariggahataºh±ya bandho. Jiy±muttoti dhanujiy±ya mutto. Y³th±ti hatthigaºato. Tidh± pabhinnamado madahatth². Vanapabbh±ranti vane pabbh±ra½.
Cat³su dis±su sukhavih±rit±ya sukhavih±raµµh±nabh³t±, “eka½ disa½ pharitv±”ti-±din± (d². ni. 3.308; ma. ni. 1.77, 459, 509; 2.309) v± nayena brahmavih±rabh±van±pharaºaµµh±nabh³t± catasso dis± etass±ti catuddiso, so eva c±tuddiso, catasso v± dis± catuddisa½, vuttanayena tamass±ti c±tuddiso yath± “saddho”ti. T±sveva dis±su katthacipi satte v± saªkh±re v± bhayena na paµihanati, saya½ v± tehi na paµihaññateti appaµigho. Santussam±noti sakena, santena v±, samameva v± tussanako. Itar²taren±ti yena kenaci paccayena, ucc±vacena v±. Paricca sayanti pavattanti k±yacitt±ni, t±ni v± parisayanti abhibhavant²ti parissay±, s²habyaggh±dayo b±hir±, k±macchand±dayo ca ajjhattik± k±yacittupaddav±, upayogatthe ceta½ s±mivacana½. Sahit±ti adhiv±sanakhantiy±, v²riy±didhammehi ca yath±raha½ khant±, gahant± c±ti attho. Thaddhabh±vakarabhay±bh±vena achambh². Eko careti asah±yo ek±k² hutv± caritu½ viharitu½ sakkuºeyya. Samatthane hi eyya-saddo yath± “ko ima½ vijaµaye jaµan”ti (sa½. ni. 1.23) khaggavis±ºakappat±ya ekavih±r²ti dasseti “khaggavis±ºakappo”ti imin±. Saºµh±nena khaggasadisa½ ekameva matthake uµµhita½ vis±ºa½ yass±ti khaggo; khaggasaddena ta½sadisavis±ºassa gahitatt±, mahi½sappam±ºo migaviseso, yo loke “pal±s±do, gaºµhako”ti ca vuccati, tassa vis±ºena ek²bh±vena sadisoti attho. Apica ekavih±rit±ya khaggavis±ºakappoti dassetumpi eva½ vutta½. Vitth±ro panass± attho khaggavis±ºasuttavaººan±ya½, (su. ni. aµµha. 1.42) c³¼aniddese (c³¼ani. 128) ca vuttanayena veditabbo.
Eva½ vaººitanti khaggavis±ºasutte bhagavat± tath± desan±ya vivarita½, thomita½ v±. Khaggassa n±ma migassa vis±ºena kappo sadiso tath±. Kappa-saddo hettha “satthukappena vata bho kira s±vakena saddhi½ mantayam±n±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.260) viya paµibh±ge vattati, tassa bh±vo khaggavis±ºakappat±, ta½ so ±pajjat²ti sambandho.
V±t±bhigh±t±d²hi siy± sakuºo chinnapakkho, asañj±tapakkho v±, idha pana ¹etu½ samattho sapakkhikova adhippetoti visesadassanattha½ p±¼iya½ “pakkh² sakuºo”ti vutta½, na tu “±k±se antalikkhe caªkamat²”ti-±d²su (paµi. ma. 3.11) viya pariy±yamattadassanatthanti ±ha “pakkhayutto sakuºo”ti. Uppatat²ti uddha½ patati gacchati, pakkhandat²ti attho. Vidhunant±ti vibhindant±, vic±lent± v±. Ajjatan±y±ti ajjabh±vatth±ya. Tath± sv±tan±y±ti etth±pi. Attano patta½ eva bh±ro yass±ti sapattabh±ro. Mam±yanataºh±bh±vena nissaªgo. Pariggahataºh±bh±vena nirapekkho. Yena k±manti yattha attano ruci, tattha. Bh±vanapu½saka½ v± eta½. Yena yath± pavatto k±moti hi yenak±mo, ta½, yath±k±manti attho.