Paµiccasamupp±davaººan±

Imin± t±v±ti ettha t±va-saddo kamattho, tena “tant±kulakaj±t±”ti padassa anusandhi parato ±vibhavissat²ti d²peti. Atthi idappaccay±ti ettha aya½ paccayoti idappaccayo, tasm± idappaccay±, imasm± paccay±ti attho. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– “imasm± n±ma paccay± jar±maraºan”ti eva½ vattabbo atthi nu kho jar±maraºassa paccayoti. Ten±ha “atthi nu kho…pe… bhaveyy±”ti. Ettha hi “ki½ paccay± jar±maraºa½? J±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti upari j±tisaddapaccayasaddasam±n±dhikaraºena ki½-saddena ida½-saddassa sam±n±dhikaraºat±dassanato kammadh±rayasam±sat± idappaccayasaddassa yujjati. Na hettha “imassa paccay± idappaccay±”ti jar±maraºassa, aññassa v± paccayato jar±maraºasambhavapucch± sambhavati viññ±tabh±vato, asambhavato ca, jar±maraºassa pana paccayapucch± sambhavati. Paccayasaddasam±n±dhikaraºat±yañca ida½-saddassa “imasm± paccay±”ti paccayapucch± yujjati.
S± pana sam±n±dhikaraºat± yadipi aññapadatthasam±sepi labbhati, aññapadatthavacanicch±bh±vato panettha kammadh±rayasam±so veditabbo. S±mivacanasam±sapakkhe pana nattheva sam±n±dhikaraºat±sambhavoti. Nanu ca “idappaccayat± paµiccasamupp±do”ti ettha idappaccaya-saddo s±mivacanasam±so icchitoti? Sacca½ icchito ujukameva tattha paµiccasamupp±davacanicch±ti katv±, idha pana kevala½ jar±maraºassa paccayaparipucch± adhippet±, tasm± yath± tattha ida½-saddassa paµiccasamupp±davisesanat±, idha ca “pucchitabbapaccayatthat± sambhavati, tath± tattha, idha ca sam±sakappan± veditabb±. Kasm± pana tattha kammadh±rayasam±so na icchitoti? Hetuppabhav±na½ hetu paµiccasamupp±doti imassa atthassa kammadh±rayasam±se asambhavatoti imassa, attano paccay±nur³passa anur³po paccayo idappaccayoti etassa ca atthassa icchitatt±. Yo panettha ida½-saddena gahito attho, so “atthi idappaccay± jar±maraºan”ti jar±maraºaggahaºeneva gahitoti ida½-saddo paµiccasamupp±dato pariccajanato aññassa asambhavato paccaye avatiµµhati, tenettha kammadh±rayasam±so. Tattha pana ida½-saddassa tato pariccajanak±raºa½ natth²ti s±mivacanasam±so eva icchito. Aµµhakath±ya½pana yasm± jar±maraº±d²na½ paccayapucch±mukhen±ya½ paµiccasamupp±dadesan± ±raddh±, paµiccasamupp±do ca n±ma atthato hetuppabhav±na½ het³ti vutto v±yamattho, tasm± “imassa jar±maraºassa paccayo”ti evamatthavaººan± kat±.
Paº¹iten±ti eka½saby±karaº²y±dipañh±visesaj±nanasamatth±ya paññ±ya samann±gatena. Tameva hissa paº¹icca½ dassetu½ “yath±”ti-±di vutta½ Y±disassa j²vassa diµµhigatiko sar²rato anaññatta½ pucchati “ta½ j²va½ ta½ sar²ran”ti, so eva½ paramatthato nupalabbhati, katha½ tassa vañjh±tanayassa viya d²gharassat± sar²rato aññat± v± anaññat± v± by±k±tabb± siy±, tasm±ssa pañhassa µhapan²yat± veditabb±. Tuºh²bh±vo n±mesa pucchato an±daro vihes± viya hot²ti “aby±katametan”ti pak±rantaram±ha. Eva½ aby±karaºak±raºa½ ñ±tuk±massa kathetabba½ hoti, kathite ca j±nantassa pam±dopi eva½ siy±, kathanavidhi pana “y±disass±”ti-±din± dassito eva. Eva½ appaµipajjitv±ti eva½ µhapan²yapañhe viya tuºh²bh±v±di½ an±pajjitv± eva. “Appaµipajjitv±”ti vacana½ nidassanamattameta½. “Ki½ sabba½ aniccan”ti vutte “ki½ saªkhata½ sandh±ya pucchasi, ud±hu asaªkhatan”ti paµipucchitv± by±k±tabba½ hoti “ki½ khandhapañcaka½ pariññeyyan”ti puµµhe “atthi tattha pariññeyya½, atthi na pariññeyyan”ti vibhajja by±k±tabba½ hoti, eva½ appaµipajjitv±ti ca ayamettha attho icchitoti. Pubbe yassa paccayassa atthit±matta½ coditanti atthit±matta½ vissajjita½. Pucch±sabh±gena hi vissajjananti. Id±ni tasseva sar³papucch± kar²yat²ti “puna kin”ti vutta½. Idh±pi “yath±”ti-±di sabba½ ±netv± vattabba½.
“Esa nayo sabbapades³”ti atidesavasena ussukka½ katv± “n±mar³papaccay±”ti-±din± tattha apav±do ±raddho. Yasm± dassetuk±mo, tasm± ida½ vuttanti yojan±. Channa½ vip±kasamphass±na½yeva gahaºa½ hoti viññ±º±di vedan±pariyos±n± vip±kavidh²ti katv± anekesu suttapadesu, (ma. ni. 3.126; ud±. 1) abhidhamme (vibha. 225) ca yebhuyyena tesa½yeva gahaºassa niru¼hatt±. Idh±ti imasmi½ sutte. Ca-saddo byatirekattho, tenettha “gahitamp²”ti-±din± vuccam±na½yeva visesa½ joteti. Paccayabh±vo n±ma paccayuppann±pekkho tena vin± tassa asambhavato. Tasm± sa¼±yatanappaccay±ti “sa¼±yatanapaccay± phasso”ti imin± paden±ti yojan±. Avayavena v± samud±yopalakkhaºameta½ “sa¼±yatanapaccay±”ti, tasm± “sa¼±yatanapaccay± phasso”ti imin± paden±ti vutta½ hoti. Gahitamp²ti chabbidha½ vip±kaphassampi. Aggahitamp²ti avip±kaphassampi kusal±kusalakiriy±phassampi. Paccayuppannavisesa½ dassetuk±moti yojan±. Na cettha paccayuppannova up±dinno icchito, atha kho paccayopi up±dinno icchitoti ajjhattik±yatanasseva sa¼±yatanaggahaºena gahaºanti katv± vutta½ “sa¼±yatanato…pe… dassetuk±mo”ti. Na hi phassassa cakkh±disa¼±yatanameva paccayo, atha kho “cakkhuñca paµicca r³pe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññ±ºa½, tiººa½ saªgati phasso”ti-±di (ma. ni. 3.421, 425, 426; sa½. ni. 2.44, 45; 2.4.60; kath±. 465, 467) vacanato r³p±yatan±dir³pañca cakkhuviññ±º±din±mañca paccayo, tasm± ima½ cakkh±disa¼±yatanato atiritta½ ±vajjan±di viya s±dh±raºa½ ahutv±, tassa tassa phassassa s±dh±raºat±ya añña½ visesapaccaya½ pi-saddena avisiµµha½ s±dh±raºapaccaya½ pidassetuk±mo bhagav±, “n±mar³papaccay± phasso”ti ida½ vuttanti yojan±. Abhidhammabh±jan²yepi imameva paccaya½ sandh±ya “n±mar³papaccay± phasso”ti vuttanti tadaµµhakath±ya½ (vibha. aµµha. 243) “paccayavisesadassanatthañceva mah±nid±nadesan±saªgahatthañc±”ti atthavaººan± kat±. Paccay±nanti j±ti-±d²na½ paccayadhamm±na½. Nid±na½ kathitanti jar±maraº±dikassa nid±natta½ kathita½ eka½siko paccayabh±vo kathito. Tañhi tesa½ paccayabh±ve abyabhic±r²ti dassetu½ “iti kho panetan”ti-±din± upari desan± pavatt±. Nijjaµeti nijj±lake. Niggumbeti nikkhepe. Padadvayen±pi ±kul±bh±vameva dasseti, tasm± an±kula½ aby±kula½ mahanta½ paccayanid±namettha kathitanti mah±nid±na½ sutta½ aññath±bh±vassa abh±vato.
98. Tesa½ tesa½ paccay±nanti tesa½ tesa½ j±ti-±d²na½ paccay±na½. Yasm± paccayabh±vo n±ma tehi tehi paccayehi an³n±dhikeheva tassa tassa phalassa sambhavato tatho taccho, tappak±ro v± s±maggi-upagatesu paccayesu muhuttampi tatho nibbattanadhamm±na½ asambhav±bh±vato. Avitatho avisa½v±danako visa½v±dan±k±ravirahito aññadhammapaccayehi aññadhamm±nuppattito. “Anaññath±”ti vuccati aññath±bh±vassa abh±vato. Tasm± “tatha½ avitatha½ anaññatha½ paccayabh±va½ dassetun”ti vutta½. Pariy±yati attano phala½ pariggahetv± vattat²ti pariy±yo, het³ti ±ha “pariy±yen±ti k±raºen±”ti. Sabbena sabbanti devatt±din± sabbabh±vena sabb± j±ti. Sabbath± sabbanti tatth±pi c±tumah±r±jik±disabb±k±rena sabb±, nip±tadvayameta½, nip±tañca abyaya½, tañca sabbaliªgavibhattivacanesu ek±k±rameva hot²ti p±¼iya½ “sabbena sabba½ sabbath± sabban”ti vutta½. Atthavacane pana tassa tassa j±tisadd±pekkh±ya itthi-atthavuttita½ dassetu½ “sabb±k±rena sabb±”ti-±di vutta½. Imin±va nayen±ti imin± j±tiv±re vutteneva nayena. Dev±d²s³ti ±di-saddena gandhabbayakkh±dike p±¼iya½ (d². ni. 2.98) ±gate, tadantarabhede ca saªgaºh±ti.
Idha nikkhitta-atthavibhajanattheti imasmi½ “kassaci kimhic²”ti aniyamato uddesavasena vuttatthassa niddisanatthe jotetabbe nip±to, tadatthajotana½ nip±tapadanti attho. Tass±ti tassa padassa. Teti dhammadesan±ya sampad±nabh³ta½ thera½ vadati. Seyyathidanti v± te katameti ceti attho. Ye hi “kassac²”ti, “kimhic²”ti ca aniyamato vutto attho, te katameti. Kathetukamyat±pucch± hes±. Devabh±v±y±ti devabh±vattha½. Khandhaj±t²ti khandhap±tubh±vo, yath± khandhesu uppannesu “dev±”ti samaññ± hoti, tath± tesa½ upp±doti attho. Ten±ha “y±y±”ti ±ha. Sabbapades³ti “gandhabb±na½ gandhabbatth±y±”ti-±d²su sabbesu j±tiniddesapadesu bhav±dipadesu ca. Yena hi nayena sace hi j±t²ti ayamatthayojan± kat±, j±tiniddesapadesova “bhavo”ti-±din± bhav±dipadesupi so k±tabboti. Dev±ti upapattidev± c±tumah±r±jikato paµµh±ya y±va bhavagg± dibbanti k±maguº±d²hi k²¼anti la¼anti viharanti jotant²ti katv±. Gandha½ abbanti paribhuñjant²ti gandhabb±, dhataraµµhassa mah±r±jassa pariv±rabh³t±. Yajanti vessavaºasakk±dike p³jent²ti yakkh±, tena tena v± paºidhikamm±din± yajitabb± p³jetabb±ti yakkh±, vessavaºassa mah±r±jassa pariv±rabh³t±. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana “amanuss±”ti avisesena vutta½. Bh³t±ti kumbhaº¹±, vir³¼hakassa mah±r±jassa pariv±rabh³t±. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana “ye keci nibbattasatt±”ti avisesena vutta½. Aµµhipakkh± bhamaratuppa¼±dayo. Cammapakkh± jatusiªg±l±dayo. Lomapakkh± ha½samor±dayo. Sar²sap± ahivicchikasatapadi-±dayo.
“Tesa½ tesan”ti ida½ na yev±panakaniddeso viya avuttasaªgahattha½ vacana½, atha kho ayev±panakaniddeso viya vuttasaªgahatthanti. ¾di-saddeneva ca ±me¹itattho saªgayhat²ti ±ha “tesa½ tesa½ devagandhabb±d²nan”ti. Tadatt±y±ti ta½bh±v±ya, yath±r³pesu khandhesu pavattam±nesu “dev± gandhabb±”ti lokasamaññ± hoti, tath±r³pat±y±ti attho. Ten±ha “devagandhabb±dibh±v±y±”ti. “Nirodho, vigamo”ti ca paµiladdhatt±l±bhassa bh±vo vuccati, idha pana accant±bh±vo adhippeto “sabbaso j±tiy± asat²”ti avatv± “j±tinirodh±”ti vuttatt±ti ±ha “abh±v±ti attho”ti.
Phalatth±ya hinot²ti yath± phala½ tato nibbattati, eva½ hinoti pavattati, tassa hetubh±va½ upagacchat²ti attho. Ida½ gaºhatha nanti “ida½ me phala½, gaºhatha nan”ti eva½ appeti viya niyy±teti viya. “Esa nayo”ti avisesa½ atidisitv± visesamattassa attha½ dassetu½ “apic±”ti-±di vutta½. Nanu c±ya½ j±ti parinipphann±, saªkhatabh±v± ca na hoti vik±rabh±vato, tath± jar±maraºa½, tassa katha½ s± hetu hot²ti codana½ sandh±y±ha “jar±maraºassa h²”ti-±di. Tabbh±ve bh±vo, tadabh±ve ca abh±vo jar±maraºassa j±tiy± upanissayat±.
99. Ok±sapariggahoti pavattiµµh±napariggaho. Upapattibhave yujjati upapattikkhandh±na½ yath±vuttaµµh±nato aññattha anuppajjanato. Idha pan±ti imasmi½ sutte “k±mabhavo”ti-±din± ±gate imasmi½ µh±ne. Kammabhave yujjati k±mabhav±dijotan± visesato tassa j±tiy± paccayabh±vatoti. Ten±ha “so hi j±tiy± upanissayakoµiy±va paccayo”ti. Nanu ca upapattibhavopi j±tiy± upanissayavasena paccayo hot²ti? Sacca½ hoti, so pana na tath± padh±nabh³to, kammabhavo pana padh±nabh³to paccayo janakabh±vatoti. “So hi j±tiy±”ti-±di vutta½ k±mabhav³paga½ kamma½ k±mabhavo. Esa nayo r³p±r³pabhavesupi. Ok±sapariggahova kato“kimhic²”ti imin± sattapariggahassa katatt±.