Maggasaccaniddesavaººan±

402. Aññamaggapaµikkhepanatthanti titthiyehi parikappitassa maggassa dukkhanirodhag±minipaµipad±bh±vapaµikkhepanattha½, aññassa v± maggabh±vapaµikkhepo aññamaggapaµikkhepo, tadattha½. “Ayan”ti pana attano, tesu ca bhikkh³su ekacc±na½ paccakkhabh±vato ±sannapaccakkhavacana½. ¾rakatt±ti niruttinayena ariyasaddasiddhim±ha. Ariyabh±vakaratt±ti ariyakaraºo ariyoti uttarapadalopena, puggalassa ariyabh±vakaratt± ariya½ karot²ti v± ariyo, ariyaphalapaµil±bhakaratt± v± ariya½ phala½ labh±peti janet²ti ariyo. Purimena cettha attano kiccavasena, pacchimena phalavasena ariyan±mal±bho vuttoti daµµhabbo. Catusaccapaµivedh±vaha½ kammaµµh±na½ catusaccakammaµµh±na½ catusacca½ v± uddissa pavatta½ bh±van±kamma½ yogino sukhavises±na½ µh±nabh³tanti catusaccakammaµµh±na½. Purim±ni dve sacc±ni vaµµa½ pavattihetubh±vato. Pacchim±ni vivaµµa½ nivattitadadhigamup±yabh±vato. Vaµµe kammaµµh±n±bhiniveso sar³pato pariggahasabbh±vato. Vivaµµe natthi avisayatt±, visayatte ca payojan±bh±vato. Purim±ni dve sacc±ni uggaºhitv±ti sambandho. Kammaµµh±nap±¼iy± hi tadatthasallakkhaºena v±cuggatakaraºa½ uggaho. Ten±ha “v±c±ya punappuna½ parivattento”ti. Iµµha½ kantanti nirodhamaggesu ninnabh±va½ dasseti, na abhinandana½, tanninnabh±voyeva ca tattha kammakaraºa½ daµµhabba½.

Ekapaµivedhenev±ti ekañ±ºeneva paµivijjhanena. Paµivedho paµigh±t±bh±vena visaye nissaªgac±rasaªkh±ta½ nibbijjhana½. Abhisamayo avirajjhitv± visayassa adhigamasaªkh±to avabodho. “Ida½ dukkha½, ettaka½ dukkha½, na ito bhiyyo”ti paricchinditv± j±nanameva vuttanayena paµivedhoti pariññ±paµivedho, tena. Idañca yath± tasmi½ ñ±ºe pavatte pacch± dukkhassa sar³p±diparicchede sammoho na hoti, tath± pavatti½ gahetv± vutta½, na pana maggañ±ºassa “ida½ dukkhan”ti-±din± (ma. ni. 2.484; 3.104) pavattanato. Pah²nassa puna appah±tabbat±ya pakaµµha½ h±na½ cajana½ samucchindana½, pah±nameva vuttanayena paµivedhoti pah±napaµivedho, tena. Ayampi yasmi½ kilese appah²yam±ne maggabh±van±ya na bhavitabba½, asati ca maggabh±van±ya yo uppajjeyya, tassa kilesassa paµigh±ta½ karontassa anuppattidhammata½ ±p±dentassa ñ±ºassa tath±pavattiya½ paµigh±t±bh±vena nissaªgac±ra½ up±d±ya eva½ vutto. Sacchikiriy± paccakkhakaraºa½ anussav±k±raparivitakk±dike muñcitv± sar³pato ±rammaºakaraºa½ “ida½ tan”ti yath±sabh±vato gahaºa½, s± eva vuttanayena paµivedhoti sacchikiriy±paµivedho, tena. Aya½ panassa ±varaºassa asamucchindanato ñ±ºa½ nirodha½ ±lambitu½ na sakkoti, tassa samucchindanato ta½ sar³pato vibh±ventameva pavattat²ti eva½ vutto. Bh±van± upp±dan±, va¹¹han± ca. Tattha paµhamamagge upp±danaµµhena, dutiy±d²su va¹¹hanaµµhena, ubhayatth±pi v± ubhayath±pi veditabba½. Paµhamamaggepi hi yath±raha½ vuµµh±nag±miniya½ pavatta½ parij±nan±di½ va¹¹hento pavattoti va¹¹hanaµµhena bh±van± sakk± viññ±tu½. Dutiy±d²supi appah²nakilesappah±nato, puggalantarabh±vas±dhanato ca upp±danaµµhena bh±van± sakk± viññ±tu½, s± eva vuttanayena paµivedhoti bh±van±paµivedho, tena. Ayampi hi yath± ñ±ºe pavatte pacch± maggadhamm±na½ sar³paparicchede sammoho na hoti, tath± pavattimeva gahetv± vutto.

Tiµµhantu t±va yath±dhigat± maggadhamm±, yath±pavattesu phaladhammesupi aya½ yath±dhigatasaccadhammesu viya vigatasammohova hoti. Tenev±ha “diµµhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyog±¼hadhammo”ti (mah±va. 18; d². ni. 1.299; ma. ni. 2.69) yato sacassa dhammat±sañcodit± yath±dhigatasaccadhamm±lambaniyo maggav²thito parato maggaphalapah²n±vasiµµhakilesanibb±n±na½ paccavekkhaº± pavattanti, dukkhasaccammopi sakk±yadiµµhi-±dayo. Ayañca atthavaººan± “pariññ±bhisamayen±”ti-±d²supi vibh±vetabb±. Ek±bhisamayena abhisamet²ti etth±ha vitaº¹av±d² “ariyamaggañ±ºa½ cat³su saccesu n±n±bhisamayavasena kiccakaran”ti, so abhidhamme (kath±. 274) odhisokath±ya saññ±petabbo. Id±ni tameva ek±bhisamaya½ vitth±ravasena vibh±vetu½ “evamass±”ti-±di vutta½. “Pubbabh±ge…pe… paµivedho hot²”ti kasm± vutta½, nanu paµivedho pubbabh±giyo na hot²ti? Saccameta½ nippariy±yato, idha pana uggah±divasena pavatto avabodho pariy±yato tath± vutto. Paµivedhanimittatt± v± uggah±divasena pavatta½ dukkh±d²su pubbabh±ge ñ±ºa½ “paµivedho”ti vutta½, na paµivijjhanasabh±va½. Kiccatoti pubbabh±gehi dukkh±diñ±ºehi k±tabbakiccassa idha nipphattito, imasseva v± ñ±ºassa dukkh±dippak±sanakiccato, pariññ±ditoti attho. ¾rammaºapaµivedhoti sacchikiriy±paµivedham±ha. S±ti paccavekkhaº±. Idh±ti imasmi½ µh±ne. Uggah±d²su vuccam±nesu na vutt± anavasaratt±. Adhigame hi sati tass± siy± avasaro.

Ta½yeva hi anavasara½ dassetu½ “imassa c±”ti-±di vutta½. Pubbe pariggahatoti kammaµµh±napariggahato pubbe. Uggah±divasena sacc±na½ pariggaºhanañhi pariggaho. Tath± t±ni pariggaºhanato manasik±rada¼hat±ya pubbabh±giy± dukkhapariññ±dayo honti yev±ti ±ha “pariggahato paµµh±ya hot²”ti. Aparabh±geti maggakkhaºe. Duddasatt±ti attano pavattikkhaºavasena p±kaµ±nipi pakatiñ±ºena sabh±varasato daµµhu½ asakkuºeyyatt±. Gambh²reneva ca bh±van±ñ±ºena, tath±pi matthakappattena ariyamaggañ±ºeneva y±th±vato passitabbatt± gambh²r±ni Ten±ha “lakkhaºapaµivedhato pana ubhayampi gambh²ran”ti. Itar±ni asa½kiliµµha-asa½kilesikat±ya accantasukhappatt±ya anuppattibhavat±ya, anuppannapubbat±ya ca pavattivasena ap±kaµatt± ca paramagambh²ratt±, tath± paramagambh²rañ±ºeneva passitabbat±ya pakatiñ±ºena daµµhu½ na sakkuºeyy±n²ti duddas±ni. Ten±ha “itaresa½ pan±”ti-±di. Payogoti kiriy±, v±y±mo v±. Tassa mahantatarassa icchitabbata½, dukkarataratañca upam±hi dasseti “bhavaggaggahaºatthan”ti-±din±. Paµivedhakkhaºeti ariyassa maggassa catusaccasampaµivedhakkhaºe. Ekameva ta½ ñ±ºanti dukkh±d²su pariññ±dikiccas±dhanavasena ekameva ta½ maggañ±ºa½ hoti.

Imesu t²su µh±nes³ti imesu viramitabbat±vasena jotitesu t²su k±maby±p±davihi½s±vitakkavatth³su. Visu½ visu½ uppannassa tividhaakusalasaªkappassa. Padapacchedatoti ettha gatamaggo “padan”ti vuccati, yena ca up±yena k±raºena k±mavitakko uppajjati, so tassa gatamaggoti tassa pacchedo gh±to padapacchedo, tato padapacchedato. Anuppattidhammat±p±dana½ anuppattis±dhana½, tassa vasena. Maggakiccas±dhanena maggaªga½ p³rayam±no ekova tividhakiccas±dhano kusalasaªkappo uppajjati. Tividh±kusalasaªkappasamucchedanameva hettha tividhakiccas±dhana½ daµµhabba½. Imin± nayena “imesu cat³su µh±nes³”ti-±d²supi attho veditabbo.

Mus±v±d±veramaºi-±dayoti ettha yasm± sikkh±padavibhaªge (vibha. 703) viraticetan±, sabbe sampayuttadhamm± ca sikkh±pad±n²ti ±gat±n²ti tattha padh±n±na½ viraticetan±na½ vasena “viratiyopi honti cetan±yop²”ti (vibha. aµµha. 703) sammohavinodaniya½ vutta½, tasm± keci “±di-saddena na kevala½ pisuºav±c± veramaºi-±d²na½yeva saªgaho, atha kho t±dis±na½ cetan±nampi saªgaho”ti vadanti, ta½ pubbabh±gavasena vuccam±natt± yujjeyya, mus±v±d±d²hi viramaºak±le v± viratiyo, subh±sit±div±c±bh±san±dik±le ca cetan±yo yojetabb±, maggakkhaºe pana viratiyova icchitabb± cetan±na½ amaggaªgatt±. Ekassa ñ±ºassa dukkh±diñ±ºat± viya, ek±ya viratiy± mus±v±d±diviratibh±vo viya ca ek±ya cetan±ya samm±v±c±dikiccattayas±dhanasabh±v±bh±v± samm±v±c±dibh±v±siddhito, ta½siddhiya½ aªgattayat±siddhito ca.

Bhikkhussa ±j²vahetuka½ k±yavac²duccarita½ n±ma ayoniso ±h±rapariyesanahetukameva siy±ti ±ha “kh±dan²ya…pe… duccaritan”ti. K±yavac²duccaritaggahaºañca k±yavac²dv±reyeva ±j²vapakopo, na manodv±reti dassanattha½. Ten±ha “imesuyeva sattasu µh±nes³”ti.

Anuppann±nanti asamud±c±ravasena v± ananubh³t±rammaºavasena v± anuppann±na½. Aññath± hi anamatagge sa½s±re anuppann± p±pak± akusal± dhamm± n±ma na santi. Ten±ha “ekasmi½ bhave”ti-±di. Yasmi½ bhave aya½ ima½ v²riya½ ±rabhati, tasmi½ ekasmi½ bhave. Janet²ti upp±deti. T±disa½ chanda½ kurum±no eva½ chanda½ janeti n±ma. V±y±ma½ karot²ti payoga½ parakkama½ karoti. V²riya½ pavattet²ti k±yikacetasikav²riya½ pak±rato vatteti. V²riyena citta½ paggahita½ karot²ti teneva sahaj±tav²riyena citta½ ukkhipento kosajjap±tato nisedhanena paggahita½ karoti. Padahana½ pavattet²ti padh±na½ v²riya½ karoti. Paµip±µiy± panet±ni catt±ri pad±ni ±sevan±bh±van±bahul²kammas±taccakiriy±hi yojetabb±ni.

Uppannapubb±nanti sadisavoh±rena vutta½. Bhavati hi ta½sadisesu tabboh±ro yath± “s± eva tittiri, t±ni eva osadh±n²”ti. Ten±ha “id±ni t±dise”ti. Uppann±nanti “anuppann±”ti avattabbata½ ±pann±na½. Pah±n±y±ti pajahanatth±ya. Anuppann±na½ kusal±nanti ettha kusal±ti uttarimanussadhamm± adhippet±, tesañca upp±do n±ma adhigamo paµil±bho, tappaµikkhepena anupp±do appaµil±bhoti ±ha “appaµiladdh±na½ paµhamajjh±n±d²nan”ti. “Ýhitiy± v²riya½ ±rabhat²”ti vutte na khaºaµhiti adhippet± tadattha½ v²riy±rabbhena payojan±bh±vato, atha kho pabandhaµhiti adhippet±ti ±ha “punappuna½ uppattipabandhavasena µhitatthan”ti. Sammussana½ paµipakkhadhammavasena adassanamupagamananti tappaµikkhepena asammussana½ asammosoti ±ha “asammos±y±ti avin±sanatthan”ti. Bhiyyobh±vo punappuna½ bhavana½, so pana upar³pari uppatt²ti ±ha “uparibh±v±y±”ti. Vepulla½ abhiºhappavattiy± paguºabalavabh±v±patt²ti vutta½ “vepull±y±ti vipulabh±v±y±”ti, mahantabh±v±y±ti attho. Bh±van±ya parip³raºatthanti jh±n±dibh±van±paribr³hanattha½.

Cat³su µh±nes³ti anuppann±kusal±nupp±dan±d²su cat³su µh±nesu. Kiccas±dhanavasen±ti catubbidhassapi kiccassa ekajjha½ nipph±danavasena.

Jh±n±ni pubbabh±gepi maggakkhaºepi n±n±ti yadipi sam±dhi-upak±rakehi abhiniropan±numajjanasampiy±yanabr³hanasantasukhasabh±vehi vitakk±d²hi sampayogabhedato bh±van±tisayappavatt±na½ catunna½ jh±n±na½ vasena samm±sam±dhi vibhatto, tath±pi v±y±mo viya anuppann±kusal±nupp±dan±dicatuv±y±makicca½, sati viya ca asubh±sukh±nicc±nattesu k±y±d²su subh±disaññ±ppah±nacatusatikicca½, eko sam±dhi catujh±nasam±dhikicca½ na s±dhet²ti pubbabh±gepi paµhamajjh±nasam±dhi eva maggakkhaºepi, tath± pubbabh±gepi catutthajjh±nasam±dhi eva maggakkhaºe p²ti attho. N±n±maggavasen±ti paµhamamagg±din±n±maggavasena jh±n±ni n±n±. Dutiy±dayopi magg± dutiy±d²na½ jh±n±na½. Aya½ panass±ti ettha maggabh±vena catubbidhampi ekattena gahetv± “ass±”ti vutta½, assa maggass±ti attho. Ayanti pana aya½ jh±navasena sabbasadisasabb±sadisekaccasadisat± viseso.

P±dakajjh±naniyamena hot²ti idha p±dakajjh±naniyama½ dhura½ katv± vutta½, yath± cettha, eva½ sammohavinodaniyampi (vibha. aµµha. 205). Aµµhas±liniya½ (dha. sa. aµµha. 350) pana vipassan±niyamo vutto sabbav±d±virodhato, idha pana sammasitajjh±napuggalajjh±sayav±danivattanato p±dakajjh±naniyamo vutto. Vipassan±niyamo pana s±dh±raºatt± idh±pi na paµikkhittoti daµµhabbo. Aññe ca ±cariyav±d± parato vakkham±n± vibhajitabb±ti yath±vuttameva t±va p±dakajjh±naniyama½ vibhajanto ±ha “p±dakajjh±naniyamena t±v±”ti. Paµhamajjh±niko hoti, yasm± ±sannapadese vuµµhitasam±patti maggassa attano sadisabh±va½ karoti bh³mivaººo viya godh±vaººassa. Paripuºº±neva hont²ti aµµha satta ca hont²ti attho. Satta honti samm±saªkappassa abh±vato. Cha honti p²tisambojjhaªgassa abh±vato. Maggaªgabojjhaªg±na½ sattachabh±va½ atidisati “esa nayo”ti. Ar³pe catukkapañcakajjh±na½…pe… vutta½ aµµhas±liniyanti adhipp±yo. Nanu tattha “ar³pe tikacatukkajjh±na½ uppajjat²”ti (dha. sa. aµµha. 350) vutta½ na “catukkapañcakajjh±nan”ti? Saccameta½, yesu pana sa½sayo atthi, tesa½ uppattidassanena tena atthato “catukkapañcakajjh±na½ uppajjat²”ti vuttameva hot²ti evam±h±ti veditabba½. Samud±yañca apekkhitv± “tañca lokuttara½, na lokiyan”ti ±ha “avayavekatta½ liªgasamud±yassa visesaka½ hot²”ti. Catutthajjh±nameva hi tattha lokiya½ uppajjati, na catukka½, pañcaka½ v±ti. Ettha kathanti p±dakajjh±nassa abh±v± katha½ daµµhabbanti attho. Ta½jh±nik±vassa tattha tayo magg± uppajjanti, tajjh±nika½paµhamaphal±di½ p±daka½ katv± uparimaggabh±van±y±ti adhipp±yo. Tikacatukkajjh±nika½ pana magga½ bh±vetv± tattha uppannassa ar³pacatutthajjh±na½, tajjh±nika½ phalañca p±daka½ katv± uparimaggabh±van±ya aññajh±nik±pi uppajjant²ti, jh±naªg±diniy±mik± pubb±bhisaªkh±rasam±pattip±daka½, na sammasitabb±ti phalass±pi p±dakat± daµµhabb±.

Keci pan±ti morav±p²mah±dattatthera½ sandh±y±ha. Puna kec²ti tipiµakac³¼±bhayatthera½ Tatiyav±re kec²ti “p±dakajjh±nameva niyamet²”ti eva½ v±dina½ tipiµakac³¼an±gattherañceva anantara½ vutte dve ca there µhapetv± itare there sandh±ya vadati.

403. Sasantatipariy±pann±na½ dukkhasamuday±na½ appavattibh±vena pariggayham±no nirodhopi sasantatipariy±panno viya hot²ti katv± vutta½ “attano v± catt±ri sacc±n²”ti. Parassa v±ti etth±pi eseva nayo. Ten±ha bhagav± “imasmi½yeva by±mamatte ka¼evare sasaññimhi samanake lokañca paññ±pemi, lokasamudayañca paññ±pemi, lokanirodhañca paññ±pemi, lokanirodhag±minipaµipadañca paññ±pem²”ti (sa½. ni. 1.107; a. ni. 4.45) katha½ pana ±dikammiko nirodhamaggasacc±ni pariggaºh±t²ti? Anussav±disiddham±k±ra½ pariggaºh±ti. Evañca katv± lokuttarabojjhaªge uddiss±pi pariggaho na virujjhati. Yath±sambhavatoti sambhav±nur³pa½, µhapetv± nirodhasacca½ sesasaccavasena samudayavay±ti veditabb±ti attho.

Catusaccapabbavaººan± niµµhit±.

Dhamm±nupassan±vaººan± niµµhit±.

404. “Aµµhikasaªkhalika½ sama½san”ti-±dik± satta sivathik± aµµhikakammaµµh±nat±ya itar±sa½ uddhum±tak±d²na½ sabh±venev±ti navanna½ sivathik±na½ appan±kammaµµh±nat± vutt±. Dveyev±ti ±n±p±na½, dvatti½s±k±roti im±ni dveyeva. Abhinivesoti vipassan±bhiniveso, so pana sammasaniyadhammapariggaho. Iriy±path±, ±lokit±dayo ca r³padhamm±na½ avatth±visesamattat±ya na sammasanupag± viññatti-±dayo viya. N²varaºabojjhaªg± ±dito na pariggahetabb±ti vutta½ “iriy±patha…pe… na j±yat²”ti. Kes±di-apadesena tadup±d±nadhamm± viya iriy±path±di-apadesena tadavatth± r³padhamm± pariggayhanti, n²varaº±dimukhena ca ta½sampayutt±, ta½nissayadhamm±ti adhipp±yena mah±sivatthero ca iriy±path±d²supi “abhiniveso j±yat²”ti avoca. “Atthi nu kho me”ti-±di pana sabh±vato iriy±path±d²na½ ±dikammikassa anicchitabh±vadassana½. Apariññ±pubbik± hi pariññ±ti.

K±ma½ “idha bhikkhave bhikkh³”ti-±din± uddesaniddesesu tattha tattha bhikkhuggahaºa½ kata½ ta½paµipattiy± bhikkhubh±vadassanattha½, desan± pana sabbas±dh±raº±ti dassetu½ “yo hi koci bhikkhave” icceva vutta½, na bhikkhu yev±ti dassento “yo hi koci bhikkhu v±”ti-±dim±ha. Dassanamaggena ñ±tamariy±da½ anatikkamitv± j±nant² sikh±ppatt± aggamaggapaññ± aññ± n±ma, tassa phalabh±vato aggaphala½ p²ti ±ha “aññ±ti arahattan”ti.

Appatarepi k±le s±sanassa niyy±nikabh±va½ dassentoti yojan±. Niyy±tentoti nigamento.

Mah±satipaµµh±nasuttavaººan±ya l²natthappak±san±.