9. Mah±satipaµµh±nasuttavaººan±

Uddesav±rakath±vaººan±

373. “Kasm± bhagav± ida½ suttamabh±s²”ti as±dh±raºa½ samuµµh±na½ pucchati, s±dh±raºa½ pana “p±kaµan”ti an±masitv± “kururaµµhav±s²nan”ti-±di vutta½. Samuµµh±nanti hi desan±nid±na½, ta½ s±dh±raº±s±dh±raºabhedato duvidha½, s±dh±raºampi ajjhattikab±hirabhedato duvidha½. Tattha s±dh±raºa½ ajjhattika½ samuµµh±na½ n±ma bhagavato mah±karuº±. T±ya hi samuss±hitassa bhagavato veneyy±na½ dhammadesan±ya citta½ udap±di. Yath±ha “sattesu ca k±ruññata½ paµicca buddhacakkhun± loka½ volokes²”ti-±di. (D². ni. 2.69; ma. ni. 1.283; 2.339; sa½. ni. 1.172; mah±va. 9) b±hira½ pana s±dh±raºa½ samuµµh±na½ n±ma dasasahassamah±brahmapariv±rassa sahampatimah±brahmuno ajjhesana½. Tath± c±ha “brahmuno ca ajjhesana½ viditv±”ti. (D². ni. 2.69; ma. ni. 1.283; 2.339; sa½. ni. 1.179; mah±va. 9) tadajjhesanuttarak±lañhi dhammapaccavekkhaº±janita½ appossukkata½ paµipassambhetv± bhagav± dhamma½ desetu½ uss±haj±to ahosi. Yath± ca mah±karuº±, eva½ dasabalañ±º±dayo ca desan±ya ajjhattasamuµµh±nabh±ve vattabb±. Sabbañhi ñeyyadhamma½, tesa½ desetabbappak±ra½, satt±nañca ±say±nusay±di½ y±th±vato j±nitv± bhagav± µh±n±µµh±n±d²su kosallena veneyyajjh±say±nur³pa½ vicittanayadesana½ pavattes²ti. As±dh±raºampi ajjhattikab±hirabhedato duvidhameva. Tattha ajjhattika½ y±ya mah±karuº±ya, yena ca desan±ñ±ºena ida½ sutta½ pavattita½, tadubhaya½ veditabba½, b±hira½ pana dassetu½ “kururaµµhav±s²nan”ti-±dim±ha. Tena vutta½ “as±dh±raºa½ samuµµh±na½ pucchat²”ti, tena “attajjh±say±d²su cat³su suttanikkhepesu kataroyan”ti suttanikkhepo pucchito hot²ti itaro “kururaµµhav±s²nan”ti-±din± “parajjh±sayoya½ suttanikkhepo”ti dasseti.

Kururaµµha½ kira tad± ta½niv±sisatt±na½ yonisomanasik±ravantat±din± yebhuyyena suppaµipannat±ya, pubbe ca katapuññat±balena tad± utu-±disampattiyuttameva ahosi. Tena vutta½ “utupaccay±disampannatt±”ti. ¾di-saddena bhojan±disampatti½ saªgaºh±ti. Keci pana “pubbe pavattakuruvattadhamm±nuµµh±nav±san±ya uttarakuru viya yebhuyyena utu-±disampannameva honta½ bhagavato k±le s±tisaya½ utusapp±y±diyutta½ ta½ raµµha½ ahos²”ti vadanti. Cittasar²rakallat±y±ti cittassa, sar²rassa ca arogat±ya. Anuggahitapaññ±bal±ti laddh³pak±rañ±º±nubh±v±, anu anu v± ±ciººapaññ±tej±. Ekav²satiy± µh±nesuti k±y±nupassan±vasena cuddasasu µh±nesu, vedan±nupassan±vasena ekasmi½ µh±ne, tath± citt±nupassan±vasena, dhamm±nupassan±vasena pañcasu µh±nes³ti eva½ ekav²satiy± µh±nesu. Kammaµµh±na½ arahatte pakkhipitv±ti catusaccakammaµµh±na½ yath± arahatta½ p±peti, eva½ desan±vasena arahatte pakkhipitv±. Suvaººacaªkoµakasuvaººamañj³s±su pakkhitt±ni sumanacampak±din±n±pupph±ni, maºimutt±disattaratan±ni ca yath± bh±janasampattiy± savisesa½ sobhanti, kiccakar±ni ca honti manuññabh±vato, eva½ s²ladassan±disampattiy± bh±janavisesabh³t±ya kururaµµhav±siparis±ya desit± bhagavato aya½ desan± bhiyyoso matt±ya sobhati, kiccak±r² ca hot²ti imamattha½ dasseti “yath± hi puriso”ti-±din±. Etth±ti kururaµµhe.

Pakatiy±ti sarasatopi, imiss± satipaµµh±nasuttadesan±ya pubbep²ti adhipp±yo. Anuyutt± viharanti satthu desan±nus±rato bh±van±nuyoga½.

Vissaµµha-attabh±ven±ti anicc±divasena kismiñci yonisomanasik±re citta½ aniyojetv± r³p±di-±rammaºe abhirativasena vissaµµhacittena bhavitu½ na vaµµati, pam±davih±ra½ pah±ya appamattena bhavitabbanti adhipp±yo.

Ek±yanoti ettha ayana-saddo maggapariy±yo. Na kevala½ ayanameva, atha kho aññepi bah³ maggapariy±y±ti paduddh±ra½ karonto “maggassa h²”ti ±di½ vatv± yadi maggapariy±yo ayana-saddo, kasm± puna “maggo”ti vuttanti codana½ sandh±y±ha “tasm±”ti-±di. Tattha ekamaggoti eko eva maggo. Na hi nibb±nag±mimaggo añño atth²ti. Nanu satipaµµh±na½ idha maggoti adhippeta½, tadaññe ca bah³ maggadhamm± atth²ti? Sacca½ atthi, te pana satipaµµh±naggahaºeneva gahit± tadavin±bh±vato. Tath± hi ñ±ºav²riy±dayo niddese gahit±, uddese pana satiy± eva gahaºa½ veneyyajjh±sayavasen±ti daµµhabba½. “Na dvidh±pathabh³to”ti imin± imassa maggassa anekamaggabh±v±bh±va½ viya anibb±nag±mibh±v±bh±vañca dasseti. Eken±ti asah±yena. Asah±yat± ca duvidh± attadutiyat±bh±vena v±, y± “v³pakaµµhak±yat±”ti vuccati, taºh±dutiyat±bh±vena v±, y± “pavivittacittat±”ti vuccati. Ten±ha “v³pakaµµhena pavivittacitten±”ti. Seµµhopi loke “eko”ti vuccati “y±va pare ek±ha½ vo karom²”ti-±d²s³ti ±ha “ekass±ti seµµhass±”ti. Yadi sa½s±rato nissaraºaµµho ayanaµµho, aññesampi upanissayasampann±na½ s±dh±raºato, katha½ bhagavatoti ±ha “kiñc±p²”ti-±di. Imasmi½ khoti ettha kho-saddo avadh±raºe, tasm± imasmi½ yev±ti attho. Desan±bhedoyeva heso, yadida½ “maggo”ti v± “ayano”ti v±. Ayana-saddo v± kammakaraº±divibh±go. Ten±ha “atthato pana eko v±”ti.

N±n±mukhabh±van±nayappavattoti k±y±nupassan±dimukhena tatth±pi ±n±p±n±dimukhena bh±van±nayena pavatto. Ek±yananti ekag±mina½, nibb±nag±minanti attho. Nibb±nañhi adutiyabh±vato, seµµhabh±vato ca “ekan”ti vuccati. Yath±ha “ekañhi sacca½ na dut²yamatth²”ti (su. ni. 890). “Y±vat± bhikkhave dhamm± saªkhat± v± asaªkhat± v± vir±go tesa½ agga½ akkh±yat²”ti. (A. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) khayo eva antoti khayanto, j±tiy± khayanta½ diµµhav±ti j±tikhayantadass². Avibh±gena sabbepi satte hitena anukampat²ti hit±nukamp². Atari½s³ti tari½su. Pubbeti purimak± buddh±, pubbe v± at²tak±le.

Tanti tesa½ vacana½, ta½ v± kiriy±vuttiv±cakatta½ na yujjati. Na hi saªkheyyappadh±nat±ya sattav±cino ekasaddassa kiriy±vuttiv±cakat± atthi. “Sakimpi uddha½ gaccheyy±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 7.72) viya saki½ ayanoti imin± byañjanena bhavitabba½. Evamattha½ yojetv±ti “eka½ ayana½ ass±”ti eva½ sam±sapadattha½ yojetv±. Ubhayath±p²ti purimanayena, pacchimanayena ca. Na yujjati idh±dhippetamaggassa anekav±ra½ pavattisabbh±vato. Ten±ha “kasm±”ti-±di. “Anekav±rampi ayat²”ti purimanayassa ayuttat±dassana½, “anekañcassa ayana½ hot²”ti pacchimanayassa.

Imasmi½ padeti “ek±yano aya½ bhikkhave maggo”ti imasmi½ v±kye, imasmi½ v± “pubbabh±gamaggo, lokuttaramaggo”ti vidh±napade. Missakamaggoti lokiyena missako lokuttaramaggo Visuddhi-±d²na½ nippariy±yahetuka½ saªgaºhanto ±cariyatthero “missakamaggo”ti ±ha. Itaro pariy±yahetu idh±dhippetoti “pubbabh±gamaggo”ti avoca.

Sadda½ sutv±ti “k±lo bhante dhammasavan±y±”ti k±l±rocanasadda½ paccakkhato, parampar±ya ca sutv±. Eva½ ukkhipitv±ti eva½ “sundara½ manohara½ ima½ katha½ cha¹¹em±”ti acha¹¹ent± ucchubh±ra½ viya paggahetv± na vicaranti. ¾lu¼et²ti vilu¼ito ±kulo hot²ti attho. Ek±yanamaggo vuccati pubbabh±gasatipaµµh±namaggoti ett±vat± idh±dhippetatthe siddhe tasseva alaªk±rattha½ so pana yassa pubbabh±gamaggo, ta½ dassetu½ “magg±naµµhaªgiko”ti-±dik± g±th±pi paµisambhid±maggatova ±netv± µhapit±.

Nibb±nagamanaµµhen±ti nibb±na½ gacchati adhigacchati eten±ti nibb±nagamana½,soyeva avipar²tasabh±vat±ya attho, tena nibb±nagamanaµµhena, nibb±n±dhigam³p±yat±y±ti attho. Maggan²yaµµhen±ti gavesitabbat±ya. “Gaman²yaµµhen±”ti v± p±µho, upagantabbat±y±ti attho. “R±g±d²h²”ti imin± r±gadosamoh±na½yeva gahaºa½ “r±go mala½, doso mala½, moho malan”ti (vibha. 924) vacanato. “Abhijjh±visamalobh±d²h²”ti pana imin± sabbesampi upakkiles±na½ saªgaºhanattha½ te visu½ uddhaµ±. “Satt±na½ visuddhiy±”ti vuttassa atthassa ekantikata½ dassento “tath± h²”ti-±dim±ha. K±ma½ “visuddhiy±”ti s±maññajotan±, cittasseva pana visuddhi idh±dhippet±ti dassetu½ “r³pamalavasena pan±”ti-±di vutta½. Na kevala½ aµµhakath±vacanameva, atha kho ida½ ettha ±hacca bh±sitanti dassento “tath± h²”ti-±dim±ha.

S± pan±ya½ cittavisuddhi sijjham±n± yasm± sok±d²na½ anupp±d±ya sa½vattati, tasm± vutta½ “sokaparidev±na½ samatikkam±y±”ti-±di. Tattha socana½ ñ±tibyasan±dinimitta½ cetaso sant±po antonijjh±na½ soko. ѱtibyasan±dinimittameva sok±vatiººato “kaha½ ekaputtaka kaha½ ekaputtak±”ti-±din± (ma. ni. 2.353, 354; sa½. ni. 2.63) paridevanavasena v±c±vippal±po paridavana½ paridevo. ¾yati½ anuppajjana½ idha samatikkamoti ±ha “pah±n±y±”ti. Ta½ panassa samatikkam±vahata½ nidassanavasena dassento “ayañh²”ti-±dim±ha.

Tattha ya½ pubbe, ta½ visodheh²ti at²tesu khandhesu taºh±sa½kilesavisodhana½ vutta½. Pacch±ti parato Teti tuyha½. M±h³ti m± ahu. Kiñcananti r±g±dikiñcana½, etena an±gatesu khandhesu sa½kilesavisodhana½ vutta½. Majjheti tadubhayavemajjhe. No ce gahessas²ti na up±diyissasi ce, etena paccuppanne khandhappabandhe up±d±nappavatti vutt±. Upasanto carissas²ti eva½ addhattayagatasa½kilesavisodhane sati nibbutasabbapari¼±hat±ya upasanto hutv± viharissas²ti arahattanik³µena g±tha½ niµµhapesi. Ten±ha “ima½ g±than”ti-±di.

Putt±ti oras±, aññepi v± dinnakakittim±dayo ye keci. Pit±ti janako, aññepi v± pituµµh±niy±. Bandhav±ti ñ±tak±. Ayañhettha attho– putt± v± pit± v± bandhav± v± antakena maccun± adhipannassa abhibh³tassa maraºato t±º±ya na honti. Kasm±? Natthi ñ±t²su t±ºat±ti. Na hi ñ±t²na½ vasena maraºato ±rakkh± atthi, tasm± paµ±c±re “ubho putt± k±laªkat±”ti-±din± (apa. ther² 1.498) m± niratthaka½ paridevi, dhamma½yeva pana y±th±vato pass±ti adhipp±yo. Sot±pattiphale patiµµhit±ti yath±nuloma½ pavattit±ya s±mukka½sik±ya dhammadesan±ya pariyos±ne sahassanayapaµimaº¹ite sot±pattiphale patiµµhahi. Katha½ pan±ya½ satipaµµh±namaggavasena sot±pattiphale patiµµh±s²ti ±ha “yasm± pan±”ti-±di. Na hi catusaccakammaµµh±nakath±ya vin± s±vak±na½ ariyamagg±dhigamo atthi. “Ima½ g±tha½ sutv±”ti panida½ sokavinodanavasena pavattit±ya g±th±ya paµhama½ sutatt± vutta½, s±pi hi saccadesan±ya pariv±rabandh± eva aniccat±kath±ti katv±. Itarag±th±ya½ pana vattabbameva natthi. Bh±van±ti paññ±bh±van±. S± hi idha adhippet±. Tasm±ti yasm± r³p±d²na½ anicc±dito anupassan±pi satipaµµh±nabh±van±va, tasm±. Tep²ti santatimah±mattapaµ±c±r±pi.