“Vin±sayati assaddha½, saddha½ va¹¹heti s±sane;
eva½ me sutamicceva½, vada½ gotamas±vako”ti.
Ekanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Eka½ samayanti aniyamitaparid²pana½. Tattha samayasaddo–
“Samav±ye khaºe k±le, sam³he hetudiµµhisu;
paµil±bhe pah±ne ca, paµivedhe ca dissati”.
Tath± hissa– “appevan±ma svepi upasaªkameyy±ma k±lañca samayañca up±d±y±”ti evam±d²su (d². ni. 1.447) samav±yo attho. “Ekova kho bhikkhave, khaºo ca samayo ca brahmacariyav±s±y±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 8.29) khaºo. “Uºhasamayo pari¼±hasamayo”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 358) k±lo. “Mah±samayo pavanasmin”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.332) sam³ho. “Samayopi kho te, bhadd±li, appaµividdho ahosi, bhagav± kho s±vatthiya½ viharati, bhagav±pi ma½ j±nissati, bhadd±li n±ma bhikkhu satthus±sane sikkh±ya aparip³rak±r²’ti. Ayampi kho, te bhadd±li, samayo appaµividdho ahos²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. “Tena kho pana samayena uggaham±no paribb±jako samaºamuº¹ik±putto samayappav±dake tinduk±c²re ekas±lake mallik±ya ±r±me paµivasat²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.260) diµµhi.
“Diµµhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho sampar±yiko;
atth±bhisamay± dh²ro, paº¹itoti pavuccat²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.128)–

¾d²su paµil±bho. “Samm± m±n±bhisamay± antamak±si dukkhass±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 7.9) pah±na½. “Dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho abhisamayaµµho”ti-±d²su (paµi. 108) paµivedho. Idha panassa k±lo attho. Tena sa½vacchara-utum±sa¹¹ham±sarattidivapubbaºhamajjhanhikas±yanhapaµhamamajjhi-mapacchimay±mamuhutt±d²su k±lappabhedabh³tesu samayesu eka½ samayanti d²peti.

Tattha kiñc±pi etesu sa½vacchar±d²su samayesu ya½ ya½ sutta½ yasmi½ yasmi½ sa½vacchare utumhi m±se pakkhe rattibh±ge v± divasabh±ge v± vutta½, sabba½ ta½ therassa suvidita½ suvavatth±pita½ paññ±ya. Yasm± pana– “eva½ me suta½” asukasa½vacchare asuka-utumhi asukam±se asukapakkhe asukarattibh±ge asukadivasabh±ge v±ti eva½ vutte na sakk± sukhena dh±retu½ v± uddisitu½ v± uddis±petu½ v±, bahu ca vattabba½ hoti, tasm± ekeneva padena tamattha½ samodh±netv± “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha. Ye v± ime gabbhokkantisamayo, j±tisamayo, sa½vegasamayo, abhinikkhamanasamayo, dukkarak±rikasamayo, m±ravijayasamayo, abhisambodhisamayo diµµhadhammasukhavih±rasamayo, desan±samayo, parinibb±nasamayoti, evam±dayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pak±s± anekak±lappabhed± eva samay±. Tesu samayesu desan±samayasaªkh±ta½ eka½ samayanti d²peti. Yo c±ya½ ñ±ºakaruº±kiccasamayesu karuº±kiccasamayo, attahitaparahitapaµipattisamayesu parahitapaµipattisamayo, sannipatit±na½ karaº²yadvayasamayesu dhammikath±samayo desan±paµipattisamayesu desan±samayo, tesupi samayesu aññatara½ samaya½ sandh±ya “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha.
Kasm± panettha yath± abhidhamme “yasmi½ samaye k±m±vacaran”ti (dha. sa. 1) ca, ito aññesu ca suttapadesu– “yasmi½ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva k±meh²”ti ca bhummavacananiddeso kato, vinaye ca– “tena samayena buddho bhagav±”ti karaºavacanena, tath± akatv± “eka½ samayan”ti upayogavacananiddeso katoti? Tattha tath± idha ca aññath± atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraºattho bh±vena bh±valakkhaºattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraºañhi k±lattho, sam³hattho ca samayo, tattha tattha vutt±na½ phass±didhamm±na½ khaºasamav±yahetusaªkh±tassa ca samayassa bh±vena tesa½ bh±vo lakkh²yati, tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato.
Vinaye ca hetu-attho karaºattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkh±padapaññattisamayo s±riputt±d²hipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubh³tena karaºabh³tena ca sikkh±pad±ni paññ±payanto sikkh±padapaññattihetuñca apekkham±no bhagav± tattha tattha vih±si, tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ tattha karaºavacanena niddeso kato.
Idha pana aññasmiñca eva½ j±tike accantasa½yogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samaya½ bhagav± ima½ añña½ v± suttanta½ desesi, accantameva ta½ samaya½ karuº±vih±rena vih±si, tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti.
Teneta½ vuccati–
“Ta½ ta½ atthamapekkhitv±, bhummena karaºena ca;
aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idh±”ti.
Por±º± pana vaººayanti– “tasmi½ samaye”ti v±, “tena samayen±”ti v±, “eka½ samayan”ti v±, abhil±pamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummamevatthoti. Tasm± “eka½ samayan”ti vuttepi “ekasmi½ samaye”ti attho veditabbo.
Bhagav±ti garu. Garuñhi loke bhagav±ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguºavisiµµhat±ya sabbasatt±na½ garu, tasm± bhagav±ti veditabbo. Por±ºehipi vutta½–
“Bhagav±ti vacana½ seµµha½, bhagav±ti vacanamuttama½;
garu g±ravayutto so, bhagav± tena vuccat²”ti.
Api ca–
“Bh±gyav± bhaggav± yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattav±;
bhattav± vantagamano, bhavesu bhagav± tato”ti.
Imiss± g±th±ya vasenassa padassa vitth±ra-attho veditabbo. So ca visuddhimagge buddh±nussatiniddese vuttoyeva.
Ett±vat± cettha eva½ me sutanti vacanena yath±suta½ dhamma½ dassento bhagavato dhammak±ya½ paccakkha½ karoti. Tena “nayida½ atikkantasatthuka½ p±vacana½, aya½ vo satth±”ti satthu adassanena ukkaºµhita½ jana½ samass±seti.
Eka½ samaya½ bhagav±ti vacanena tasmi½ samaye bhagavato avijjam±nabh±va½ dassento r³pak±yaparinibb±na½ s±dheti. Tena “eva½vidhassa n±ma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaªgh±ta sam±nak±yo sopi bhagav± parinibbuto, kena aññena j²vite ±s± janetabb±”ti j²vitamadamatta½ jana½ sa½vejeti, saddhamme cassa uss±ha½ janeti.
Evanti ca bhaºanto desan±sampatti½ niddisati. Me sutanti s±vakasampatti½. Eka½ samayanti k±lasampatti½. Bhagav±ti desakasampatti½.
Antar± ca r±jagaha½ antar± ca n±¼andanti antar±-saddo k±raºakhaºacittavemajjhavivar±d²su dissati. “Tadantara½ ko j±neyya aññatra tath±gat±”ti (a. ni. 6.44) ca, “jan± saªgamma mantenti mañca tañca kimantaran”ti (sa½. ni. 1.228) ca ±d²su hi k±raºe antar±-saddo. “Addasa ma½, bhante, aññatar± itth² vijjantarik±ya bh±jana½ dhovant²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.149) khaºe. “Yassantarato na santi kop±”ti-±d²su (ud±. 20) citte. “Antar± vos±nam±p±d²”ti-±d²su (c³¼ava. 350) vemajjhe. “Api c±ya½, bhikkhave, tapod± dvinna½ mah±niray±na½ antarik±ya ±gacchat²”ti-±d²su (p±r±. 231) vivare. Sv±yamidha vivare vattati, tasm± r±jagahassa ca n±¼and±ya ca vivareti evametthattho veditabbo. Antar±-saddena pana yuttatt± upayogavacana½ kata½. ¿disesu ca µh±nesu akkharacintak± “antar± g±mañca nadiñca y±t²”ti eva½ ekameva antar±sadda½ payujjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti, ayojiyam±ne upayogavacana½ na p±puº±ti. Idha pana yojetv±yeva vuttoti.
Addh±namaggappaµipanno hot²ti addh±nasaªkh±ta½ magga½ paµipanno hoti, “d²ghamaggan”ti attho. Addh±nagamanasamayassa hi vibhaªge “a¹¹hayojana½ gacchiss±m²ti bhuñjitabban”ti-±divacanato (p±ci. 218) a¹¹hayojanampi addh±namaggo hoti. R±jagahato pana n±¼and± yojanameva.
Mahat± bhikkhusaªghena saddhinti ‘mahat±’ti guºamahattenapi mahat±, saªkhy±mahattenapi mahat±. So hi bhikkhusaªgho guºehipi mah± ahosi, appicchat±diguºasamann±gatatt±. Saªkhy±yapi mah±, pañcasatasaªkhyatt±. Bhikkh³na½ saªgho ‘bhikkhusaªgho’, tena bhikkhusaªghena. Diµµhis²las±maññasaªgh±tasaªkh±tena samaºagaºen±ti attho. Saddhinti ekato.
Pañcamattehi bhikkhusateh²ti pañcamatt± etesanti pañcamatt±ni. Matt±ti pam±ºa½ vuccati, tasm± yath± “bhojane mattaññ³”ti vutte “bhojane matta½ j±n±ti, pam±ºa½ j±n±t²”ti attho hoti, evamidh±pi– “tesa½ bhikkhusat±na½ pañcamatt± pañcapam±ºan”ti evamattho daµµhabbo. Bhikkh³na½ sat±ni bhikkhusat±ni, tehi pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi.
Suppiyopi kho paribb±jakoti suppiyoti tassa n±ma½. Pi-k±ro maggappaµipannasabh±gat±ya puggalasampiº¹anattho. Kho-k±ro padasandhikaro, byañjanasiliµµhat±vasena vutto. Paribb±jakoti sañjayassa antev±s² channaparibb±jako. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– “yad± bhagav± ta½ addh±namagga½ paµipanno, tad± suppiyopi paribb±jako paµipanno ahos²”ti. At²tak±lattho hettha hoti-saddo.
Saddhi½ antev±sin± brahmadattena m±ºaven±ti– ettha ante vasat²ti antev±s². Sam²pac±ro santik±vacaro sissoti attho. Brahmadattoti tassa n±ma½. M±ºavoti sattopi coropi taruºopi vuccati.
“Codit± devad³tehi, ye pamajjanti m±ºav±;
te d²gharatta½ socanti, h²nak±y³pag± nar±”ti. (Ma. ni. 3.271)–

¾d²su hi satto m±ºavoti vutto. “M±ºavehipi sam±gacchanti katakammehipi akatakammehip²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.149) coro. “Ambaµµho m±ºavo, aªgako m±ºavo”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 1.316) taruºo ‘m±ºavo’ti vutto. Idh±pi ayamevattho. Idañhi vutta½ hoti– brahmadattena n±ma taruºantev±sin± saddhinti.

Tatr±ti tasmi½ addh±namagge, tesu v± dv²su janesu. Sudanti nip±tamatta½. Anekapariy±yen±ti pariy±ya-saddo t±va v±radesan±k±raºesu vattati. “Kassa nu kho, ±nanda, ajja pariy±yo bhikkhuniyo ovaditun”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 3.398) hi v±re pariy±yasaddo vattati. “Madhupiº¹ikapariy±yotveva na½ dh±reh²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.205) desan±ya½. “Imin±pi kho, te r±jañña, pariy±yena eva½ hot³”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.411) k±raºe. Sv±yamidh±pi k±raºe vattati, tasm± ayamettha attho– “anekavidhena k±raºen±”ti, “bah³hi k±raºeh²”ti vutta½ hoti.
Buddhassa avaººa½ bh±sat²ti avaººavirahitassa aparim±ºavaººasamann±gatass±pi buddhassa bhagavato– “ya½ loke j±tivu¹¹hesu kattabba½ abhiv±dan±dis±m²cikamma½ ‘s±maggiraso’ti vuccati, ta½ samaºassa gotamassa natthi tasm± arasar³po samaºo gotamo, nibbhogo, akiriyav±do, ucchedav±do, jegucch², venayiko, tapass², apagabbho. Natthi samaºassa gotamassa uttarimanussadhammo alamariyañ±ºadassanaviseso. Takkapariy±hata½ samaºo gotamo dhamma½ deseti, v²ma½s±nucarita½, saya½paµibh±na½. Samaºo gotamo na sabbaññ³, na lokavid³, na anuttaro, na aggapuggalo”ti. Eva½ ta½ ta½ ak±raºameva k±raºanti vatv± tath± tath± avaººa½ dosa½ ninda½ bh±sati.
Yath± ca buddhassa, eva½ dhammass±pi ta½ ta½ ak±raºameva k±raºato vatv±– “samaºassa gotamassa dhammo durakkh±to, duppaµivedito, aniyy±niko, anupasamasa½vattaniko”ti tath± tath± avaººa½ bh±sati.