1. Brahmaj±lasuttavaººan±

Paribb±jakakath±vaººan±

Imiss± paµhamamah±saªg²tiy± vattam±n±ya vinayasaªgah±vas±ne suttantapiµake ±dinik±yassa ±disutta½ brahmaj±la½ pucchantena ±yasmat± mah±kassapena– “brahmaj±la½, ±vuso ±nanda, kattha bh±sitan”ti, evam±divuttavacanapariyos±ne yattha ca bh±sita½, yañc±rabbha bh±sita½, ta½ sabba½ pak±sento ±yasm± ±nando eva½ me sutanti-±dim±ha. Tena vutta½ “brahmaj±lass±pi eva½ me sutanti-±dika½ ±yasmat± ±nandena paµhamamah±saªg²tik±le vutta½ nid±nam±d²”ti.

1. Tattha evanti nip±tapada½. Meti-±d²ni n±mapad±ni. Paµipanno hot²ti ettha paµ²ti upasaggapada½, hot²ti ±khy±tapadanti. Imin± t±va nayena padavibh±go veditabbo.

Atthato pana eva½-saddo t±va upam³padesasampaha½sanagarahaºavacanasampaµiggah±k±ranidassan±vadh±raº±di-anekatthappabhedo. Tath±hesa– “eva½ j±tena maccena, kattabba½ kusala½ bahun”ti (dha. pa. 53) evam±d²su upam±ya½ ±gato. “Eva½ te abhikkamitabba½, eva½ te paµikkamitabban”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. “Evameta½ bhagav±, evameta½ sugat±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 3.66) sampaha½sane. “Evameva½ pan±ya½ vasal² yasmi½ v± tasmi½ v± tassa muº¹akassa samaºakassa vaººa½ bh±sat²”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.187) garahaºe. “Eva½, bhanteti kho te bhikkh³ bhagavato paccassosun”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaµiggahe. “Eva½ by± kho aha½, bhante, bhagavat± dhamma½ desita½ ±j±n±m²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.398) ±k±re. “Ehi tva½, m±ºavaka, yena samaºo ±nando tenupasaªkama, upasaªkamitv± mama vacanena samaºa½ ±nanda½ app±b±dha½ app±taªka½ lahuµµh±na½ bala½ ph±suvih±ra½ puccha. “Subho m±ºavo todeyyaputto bhavanta½ ±nanda½ app±b±dha½ app±taªka½ lahuµµh±na½ bala½ ph±suvih±ra½ pucchat²”ti. “Evañca vadehi, s±dhu kira bhava½ ±nando yena subhassa m±ºavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesana½, tenupasaªkamatu anukampa½ up±d±y±”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 1.445) nidassane. “Ta½ ki½ maññatha, k±l±m±, ime dhamm± kusal± v± akusal± v±ti? Akusal±, bhante. S±vajj± v± anavajj± v±ti? S±vajj±, bhante. Viññugarahit± v± viññuppasatth± v±ti? Viññugarahit±, bhante. Samatt± sam±dinn± ahit±ya dukkh±ya sa½vattanti no v±, katha½ vo ettha hot²ti? Samatt±, bhante, sam±dinn± ahit±ya dukkh±ya sa½vattanti, eva½ no ettha hot²”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 3.66) avadh±raºe. Sv±yamidha ±k±ranidassan±vadh±raºesu daµµhabbo.

Tattha ±k±ratthena eva½-saddena etamattha½ d²peti, n±n±nayanipuºamanekajjh±sayasamuµµh±na½, atthabyañjanasampanna½, vividhap±µih±riya½, dhammatthadesan±paµivedhagambh²ra½, sabbasatt±na½ sakasakabh±s±nur³pato sotapatham±gacchanta½ tassa bhagavato vacana½ sabbappak±rena ko samattho viññ±tu½, sabbath±mena pana sotuk±mata½ janetv±pi ‘eva½ me suta½’ may±pi eken±k±rena sutanti.

Nidassanatthena– “n±ha½ sayambh³, na may± ida½ sacchikatan”ti att±na½ parimocento– ‘eva½ me suta½’, ‘may±pi eva½ sutan’ti id±ni vattabba½ sakala½ sutta½ nidasseti.

Avadh±raºatthena– “etadagga½, bhikkhave, mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ bahussut±na½ yadida½ ±nando, gatimant±na½, satimant±na½, dhitimant±na½, upaµµh±k±na½ yadida½ ±nando”ti (a. ni. 1.223). Eva½ bhagavat±– “±yasm± ±nando atthakusalo, dhammakusalo, byañjanakusalo, niruttikusalo, pubb±parakusalo”ti (a. ni. 5.169). Eva½ dhammasen±patin± ca pasatthabh±v±nur³pa½ attano dh±raºabala½ dassento satt±na½ sotuk±mata½ janeti– ‘eva½ me suta½’, tañca kho atthato v± byañjanato v± an³namanadhika½, evameva na aññath± daµµhabban”ti.

Me-saddo t²su atthesu dissati. Tath± hissa– “g±th±bhig²ta½ me abhojaneyyan”ti-±d²su (su. ni. 81) may±ti attho. “S±dhu me, bhante, bhagav± saªkhittena dhamma½ deset³”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 4.88) mayhanti attho. “Dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave bhavath±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.29) mam±ti attho. Idha pana may± sutanti ca, mama sutanti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Sutanti aya½ suta-saddo sa-upasaggo ca anupasaggo ca– gamanavissutakilinna-upacit±nuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadv±r±nus±ra-viññ±t±di-anekatthappabhedo, tath± hissa “sen±ya pasuto”ti-±d²su gacchantoti attho. “Sutadhammassa passato”ti-±d²su (ud±. 11) vissutadhammass±ti attho. “Avassut± avassutass±”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 657) kilinn±kilinnass±ti attho. “Tumhehi puñña½ pasuta½ anappakan”ti-±d²su (khu. p±. 7.12) upacitanti attho. “Ye jh±napasut± dh²r±”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 181) jh±n±nuyutt±ti attho. ‘Diµµha½ suta½ mutan’ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. “Sutadharo sutasannicayo”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadv±r±nus±raviññ±tadharoti attho. Idha panassa sotadv±r±nus±rena upadh±ritanti v± upadh±raºanti v±ti attho. ‘Me’ saddassa hi ‘may±’ti atthe sati ‘eva½ may± suta½’ sotadv±r±nus±rena upadh±ritanti yujjati. ‘Mam±’ti atthe sati eva½ mama suta½ sotadv±r±nus±rena upadh±raºanti yujjati.

Evametesu t²su padesu evanti sotaviññ±º±diviññ±ºakiccanidassana½. Meti vuttaviññ±ºasamaªgipuggalanidassana½. Sutanti assavanabh±vapaµikkhepato an³n±dhik±vipar²taggahaºanidassana½. Tath± evanti tass± sotadv±r±nus±rena pavatt±ya viññ±ºav²thiy± n±nappak±rena ±rammaºe pavattibh±vappak±sana½. Meti attappak±sana½. Sutanti dhammappak±sana½. Ayañhettha saªkhepo “n±nappak±rena ±rammaºe pavatt±ya viññ±ºav²thiy± may± na añña½ kata½, ida½ pana kata½, aya½ dhammo suto”ti.

Tath± evanti niddisitabbadhammappak±sana½. Meti puggalappak±sana½. Sutanti puggalakiccappak±sana½. Ida½ vutta½ hoti. “Ya½ sutta½ niddisiss±mi, ta½ may± eva½ sutan”ti.

Tath± evanti yassa cittasant±nassa n±n±k±rappavattiy± n±natthabyañjanaggahaºa½ hoti, tassa n±n±k±raniddeso. Evanti hi ayam±k±rapaññatti. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso. Ett±vat± n±n±k±rappavattena cittasant±nena ta½ samaªgino kattu visayaggahaºasanniµµh±na½ kata½ hoti.

Athav± evanti puggalakiccaniddeso. Sutanti viññ±ºakiccaniddeso. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Aya½ panettha saªkhepo, “may± savanakiccaviññ±ºasamaªgin± puggalena viññ±ºavasena laddhasavanakiccavoh±rena sutan”ti.

Tattha evanti ca meti ca saccikaµµhaparamatthavasena avijjam±napaññatti. Kiñhettha ta½ paramatthato atthi, ya½ evanti v± meti v± niddesa½ labhetha? Sutanti vijjam±napaññatti. Yañhi ta½ ettha sotena upaladdha½, ta½ paramatthato vijjam±nanti. Tath± ‘evan’ti ca, meti ca, ta½ ta½ up±d±ya vattabbato up±d±paññatti. ‘Sutan’ti diµµh±d²ni upanidh±ya vattabbato upanidh±paññatti. Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammoha½ d²peti. Na hi samm³¼ho n±nappak±rapaµivedhasamattho hoti. ‘Sutan’ti vacanena sutassa asammosa½ d²peti. Yassa hi suta½ sammuµµha½ hoti, na so k±lantarena may± sutanti paµij±n±ti. Iccassa asammohena paññ±siddhi, asammosena pana satisiddhi. Tattha paññ±pubbaªgam±ya satiy± byañjan±vadh±raºasamatthat±, satipubbaªgam±ya paññ±ya atthapaµivedhasamatthat±. Tadubhayasamatthat±yogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anup±lanasamatthato dhammabhaº¹±g±rikattasiddhi.

Aparo nayo, evanti vacanena yoniso manasik±ra½ d²peti. Ayoniso manasikaroto hi n±nappak±rapaµivedh±bh±vato. Sutanti vacanena avikkhepa½ d²peti, vikkhittacittassa savan±bh±vato. Tath± hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiy± vuccam±nopi “na may± suta½, puna bhaºath±”ti bhaºati. Yoniso manasik±rena cettha attasamm±paºidhi½ pubbe ca katapuññata½ s±dheti, samm± appaºihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa v± tadabh±vato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavana½ sappuris³panissayañca s±dheti. Na hi vikkhittacitto sotu½ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupassayam±nassa savana½ atth²ti.

Aparo nayo, yasm± evanti yassa cittasant±nassa n±n±k±rappavattiy± n±natthabyañjanaggahaºa½ hoti, tassa n±n±k±raniddesoti vutta½, so ca eva½ bhaddako ±k±ro na samm±-appaºihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa v± hoti, tasm± evanti imin± bhaddaken±k±rena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano d²peti. Sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampatti½. Na hi appatir³padese vasato sappuris³panissayavirahitassa v± savana½ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiy± ±sayasuddhisiddh± hoti, purimacakkadvayasiddhiy± payogasuddhi, t±ya ca ±sayasuddhiy± adhigamabyattisiddhi, payogasuddhiy± ±gamabyattisiddhi. Iti payog±sayasuddhassa ±gam±dhigamasampannassa vacana½ aruºugga½ viya s³riyassa udayato yoniso manasik±ro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaªgama½ bhavitunti µh±ne nid±na½ µhapento– “eva½ me sutan”ti-±dim±ha.

Aparo nayo, ‘evan’ti imin± n±nappak±rapaµivedhad²pakena vacanena attano atthapaµibh±napaµisambhid±sampattisabbh±va½ d²peti. ‘Sutan’ti imin± sotabbappabhedapaµivedhad²pakena dhammaniruttipaµisambhid±sampattisabbh±va½. ‘Evan’ti ca ida½ yoniso manasik±rad²paka½ vacana½ bh±sam±no– “ete may± dhamm± manas±nupekkhit±, diµµhiy± suppaµividdh±”ti d²peti. ‘Sutan’ti ida½ savanayogad²paka½ vacana½ bh±sam±no– “bah³ may± dhamm± sut± dh±t± vacas± paricit±”ti d²peti. Tadubhayen±pi atthabyañjanap±rip³ri½ d²pento savane ±dara½ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuººañhi dhamma½ ±darena assuºanto mahat± hit± parib±hiro hot²ti, tasm± ±dara½ janetv± sakkacca½ aya½ dhammo sotabboti.

“Eva½ me sutan”ti imin± pana sakalena vacanena ±yasm± ±nando tath±gatappavedita½ dhamma½ attano adahanto asappurisabh³mi½ atikkamati. S±vakatta½ paµij±nanto sappurisabh³mi½ okkamati. Tath± asaddhamm± citta½ vuµµh±peti, saddhamme citta½ patiµµh±peti. “Kevala½ sutameveta½ may±, tasseva bhagavato vacanan”ti d²pento att±na½ parimoceti, satth±ra½ apadisati, jinavacana½ appeti, dhammanetti½ patiµµh±peti.

Apica “eva½ me sutan”ti attan± upp±ditabh±va½ appaµij±nanto purimavacana½ vivaranto– “sammukh± paµiggahitamida½ may± tassa bhagavato catuves±rajjavis±radassa dasabaladharassa ±sabhaµµh±naµµh±yino s²han±dan±dino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammar±jassa dhamm±dhipatino dhammad²passa dhammasaraºassa saddhammavaracakkavattino samm±sambuddhassa vacana½, na ettha atthe v± dhamme v± pade v± byañjane v± kaªkh± v± vimati v± k±tabb±”ti sabbesa½ devamanuss±na½ imasmi½ dhamme assaddhiya½ vin±seti, saddh±sampada½ upp±deti. Teneta½ vuccati–