Api ca tath±ya gatotipi tath±gato, tatha½ gatotipi tath±gato. Gatoti avagato, at²to patto paµipannoti attho.

Tattha sakalaloka½ t²raºapariññ±ya tath±ya gato avagatoti tath±gato. Lokasamudaya½ pah±napariññ±ya tath±ya gato at²toti tath±gato. Lokanirodha½ sacchikiriy±ya tath±ya gato pattoti tath±gato. Lokanirodhag±mini½ paµipada½ tatha½ gato paµipannoti tath±gato. Tena vutta½ bhagavat±–

“Loko, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokasm± tath±gato visa½yutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tath±gatassa pah²no. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tath±gatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhag±min² paµipad±, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddh±, lokanirodhag±min² paµipad± tath±gatassa bh±vit±. Ya½ bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sabba½ ta½ tath±gatena abhisambuddha½. Tasm±, tath±gatoti vuccat²”ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Tassapi eva½ attho veditabbo. Idampi ca tath±gatassa tath±gatabh±vad²pane mukhamattameva. Sabb±k±rena pana tath±gatova tath±gatassa tath±gatabh±va½ vaººeyya.

Katamañca ta½ bhikkhaveti yena appamattakena oramattakena s²lamattakena puthujjano tath±gatassa vaººa½ vadam±no vadeyya, ta½ katamanti pucchati? Tattha pucch± n±ma adiµµhajotan± pucch±, diµµhasa½sandan± pucch±, vimaticchedan± pucch±, anumatipucch±, kathetukamyat± pucch±ti pañcavidh± hoti.

Tattha katam± adiµµhajotan± pucch±? Pakatiy± lakkhaºa½ aññ±ta½ hoti, adiµµha½ atulita½ at²rita½ avibh³ta½ avibh±vita½, tassa ñ±º±ya dassan±ya tulan±ya t²raº±ya vibh±van±ya pañha½ pucchati, aya½ adiµµhajotan± pucch±.

Katam± diµµhasa½sandan± pucch±? Pakatiy± lakkhaºa½ ñ±ta½ hoti, diµµha½ tulita½ t²rita½ vibh³ta½ vibh±vita½, tassa aññehi paº¹itehi saddhi½ sa½sandanatth±ya pañha½ pucchati, aya½ diµµhasa½sandan± pucch±.

Katam± vimaticchedan± pucch±? Pakatiy± sa½sayapakkhando hoti, vimatipakkhando, dve¼hakaj±to, “eva½ nu kho, na nu kho, kinnu kho, katha½ nu kho”ti. So vimaticchedanatth±ya pañha½ pucchati. Aya½ vimaticchedan± pucch±.

Katam± anumatipucch±? Bhagav± bhikkh³na½ anumatiy± pañha½ pucchati– “ta½ ki½ maññatha, bhikkhave, r³pa½ nicca½ v± anicca½ v±”ti. Anicca½, bhante. Ya½ pan±nicca½ dukkha½ v± ta½ sukha½ v±ti? Dukkha½ bhanteti (mah±va. 21) sabba½ vattabba½, aya½ anumatipucch±.

Katam± kathetukamyat± pucch±? Bhagav± bhikkh³na½ kathetukamyat±ya pañha½ pucchati. Catt±rome, bhikkhave, satipaµµh±n±. Katame catt±ro?…Pe… aµµhime bhikkhave maggaªg±. Katame aµµh±ti, aya½ kathetukamyat± pucch±.

Iti im±su pañcasu pucch±su adiµµhassa t±va kassaci dhammassa abh±vato tath±gatassa adiµµhajotan± pucch± natthi. “Ida½ n±ma aññehi paº¹itehi samaºabr±hmaºehi saddhi½ sa½sanditv± desess±m²”ti samann±h±rasseva anuppajjanato diµµhasa½sandan± pucch±pi natthi. Yasm± pana buddh±na½ ekadhammepi ±sappan± parisappan± natthi, bodhimaº¹eyeva sabb± kaªkh± chinn±; tasm± vimaticchedan± pucch±pi natthiyeva. Avases± pana dve pucch± buddh±na½ atthi, t±su aya½ kathetukamyat± pucch± n±ma.

8. Id±ni ta½ kathetukamyat±ya pucch±ya pucchitamattha½ kathetu½ “p±º±tip±ta½ pah±y±”ti-±dim±ha.

Tattha p±ºassa atip±to p±º±tip±to, p±ºavadho, p±ºagh±toti vutta½ hoti. P±ºoti cettha voh±rato satto, paramatthato j²vitindriya½, tasmi½ pana p±ºe p±ºasaññino j²vitindriyupacchedaka-upakkamasamuµµh±pik± k±yavac²dv±r±na½ aññataradv±rappavatt± vadhakacetan± p±º±tip±to. So guºavirahitesu tiracch±nagat±d²su p±ºesu khuddake p±ºe appas±vajjo, mah±sar²re mah±s±vajjo, kasm±? Payogamahantat±ya. Payogasamattepi vatthumahantat±ya. Guºavantesu manuss±d²su appaguºe p±ºe appas±vajjo, mah±guºe mah±s±vajjo. Sar²raguº±na½ pana samabh±ve sati kiles±na½ upakkam±nañca mudut±ya appas±vajjo, tibbat±ya mah±s±vajjoti veditabbo.

Tassa pañca sambh±r± honti– p±ºo, p±ºasaññit±, vadhakacitta½, upakkamo, tena maraºanti Cha payog±– s±hatthiko, ±ºattiko, nissaggiyo, th±varo, vijj±mayo, iddhimayoti. Imasmi½ panatthe vitth±riyam±ne ativiya papañco hoti, tasm± ta½ na vitth±ray±ma, aññañca evar³pa½. Atthikehi pana samantap±s±dika½ vinayaµµhakatha½ oloketv± gahetabba½.

Pah±y±ti ima½ p±º±tip±tacetan±saªkh±ta½ duss²lya½ pajahitv±. Paµiviratoti pah²nak±lato paµµh±ya tato duss²lyato orato viratova. Natthi tassa v²tikkamiss±m²ti cakkhusotaviññeyy± dhamm± pageva k±yik±ti imin±va nayena aññesupi evar³pesu padesu attho veditabbo.

Samaºoti bhagav± samitap±pat±ya laddhavoh±ro. Gotamoti gottavasena. Na kevalañca bhagav±yeva p±º±tip±t± paµivirato, bhikkhusaªghopi paµivirato, desan± pana ±dito paµµh±ya eva½ ±gat±, attha½ pana d²pentena bhikkhusaªghavasen±pi d²petu½ vaµµati.

Nihitadaº¹o nihitasatthoti par³pagh±tatth±ya daº¹a½ v± sattha½ v± ±d±ya avattanato nikkhittadaº¹o ceva nikkhittasattho c±ti attho. Ettha ca µhapetv± daº¹a½ sabbampi avasesa½ upakaraºa½ satt±na½ viheµhanabh±vato satthanti veditabba½. Ya½ pana bhikkh³ kattaradaº¹a½ v± dantakaµµha½ v± v±si½ pipphalika½ v± gahetv± vicaranti, na ta½ par³pagh±tatth±ya. Tasm± nihitadaº¹o nihitasattho tveva saªkhya½ gacchati.

Lajj²ti p±pajigucchanalakkhaº±ya lajj±ya samann±gato. Day±pannoti daya½ mettacittata½ ±panno. Sabbap±ºabh³tahit±nukamp²ti; sabbe p±ºabh³te hitena anukampako. T±ya day±pannat±ya sabbesa½ p±ºabh³t±na½ hitacittakoti attho. Viharat²ti iriyati yapeti y±peti p±leti Iti v± hi, bhikkhaveti eva½ v± bhikkhave. V± saddo upari “adinn±d±na½ pah±y±”ti-±d²ni apekkhitv± vikappattho vutto, eva½ sabbattha purima½ v± pacchima½ v± apekkhitv± vikappabh±vo veditabbo.

Aya½ panettha saªkhepo– bhikkhave, puthujjano tath±gatassa vaººa½ vadam±no eva½ vadeyya– “samaºo gotamo p±ºa½ na hanati, na gh±teti, na tattha samanuñño hoti, virato imasm± duss²ly±; aho, vata re buddhaguº± mahant±”ti, iti mahanta½ uss±ha½ katv± vaººa½ vattuk±mopi appamattaka½ oramattaka½ ±c±ras²lamattakameva vakkhati. Upari as±dh±raºabh±va½ niss±ya vaººa½ vattu½ na sakkhissati. Na kevalañca puthujjanova sot±pannasakad±g±mi-an±g±mi-arahantopi paccekabuddh±pi na sakkontiyeva; tath±gatoyeva pana sakkoti, ta½ vo upari vakkh±m²ti, ayamettha s±dhipp±y± atthavaººan±. Ito para½ pana apubbapadameva vaººayiss±ma.

Adinn±d±na½ pah±y±ti ettha adinnassa ±d±na½ adinn±d±na½, parasa½haraºa½, theyya½, corik±ti vutta½ hoti. Tattha adinnanti parapariggahita½, yattha paro yath±k±mak±rita½ ±pajjanto adaº¹±raho anupavajjo ca hoti. Tasmi½ parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino, tad±d±yaka-upakkamasamuµµh±pik± theyyacetan± adinn±d±na½. Ta½ h²ne parasantake appas±vajja½, paº²te mah±s±vajja½, kasm±? Vatthupaº²tat±ya. Vatthusamatte sati guº±dhik±na½ santake vatthusmi½ mah±s±vajja½ Ta½ ta½ guº±dhika½ up±d±ya tato tato h²naguºassa santake vatthusmi½ appas±vajja½.

Tassa pañca sambh±r± honti– parapariggahita½, parapariggahitasaññit±, theyyacitta½, upakkamo, tena haraºanti. Cha payog±– s±hatthik±dayova. Te ca kho yath±nur³pa½ theyy±vah±ro, pasayh±vah±ro, paµicchann±vah±ro, parikapp±vah±ro, kus±vah±roti imesa½ avah±r±na½ vasena pavatt±, ayamettha saªkhepo. Vitth±ro pana samantap±s±dik±ya½ vutto.

Dinnameva ±diyat²ti dinn±d±y². Cittenapi dinnameva paµikaªkhat²ti dinnap±µikaªkh². Thenet²ti theno. Na thenena athenena. Athenatt±yeva sucibh³tena. Attan±ti attabh±vena. Athena½ sucibh³ta½ att±na½ katv± viharat²ti vutta½ hoti. Sesa½ paµhamasikkh±pade vuttanayeneva yojetabba½. Yath± ca idha, eva½ sabbattha.

Abrahmacariyanti aseµµhacariya½. Brahma½ seµµha½ ±c±ra½ carat²ti brahmac±r². ¾r±c±r²ti abrahmacariyato d³rac±r². Methun±ti r±gapariyuµµh±navasena sadisatt± methunak±ti laddhavoh±rehi paµisevitabbato methun±ti saªkhya½ gat± asaddhamm±. G±madhamm±ti g±mav±s²na½ dhamm±.

9. Mus±v±da½ pah±y±ti ettha mus±ti visa½v±danapurekkh±rassa atthabhañjanako vac²payogo k±yapayogo, v± visa½v±dan±dhipp±yena panassa paravisa½v±dakak±yavac²payogasamuµµh±pik± cetan± mus±v±do.

Aparo nayo, ‘mus±’ti abh³ta½ ataccha½ vatthu. ‘V±do’ti tassa bh³tato tacchato viññ±pana½. Lakkhaºato pana atatha½ vatthu½ tathato para½ viññ±petuk±massa tath±viññattisamuµµh±pik± cetan± mus±v±do. So yamattha½ bhañjati, tassa appat±ya appas±vajjo, mahantat±ya mah±s±vajjo.

Api ca gahaµµh±na½ attano santaka½ ad±tuk±mat±ya natth²ti-±dinayappavatto appas±vajjo, sakkhin± hutv± atthabhañjanattha½ vutto mah±s±vajjo, pabbajit±na½ appakampi tela½ v± sappi½ v± labhitv± has±dhipp±yena– “ajja g±me tela½ nad² maññe sandat²”ti p³raºakath±nayena pavatto appas±vajjo, adiµµha½yeva pana diµµhanti-±din± nayena vadant±na½ mah±s±vajjo.

Tassa catt±ro sambh±r± honti– atatha½ vatthu, visa½v±danacitta½, tajjo v±y±mo, parassa tadatthavij±nananti. Eko payogo s±hatthikova. So k±yena v± k±yapaµibaddhena v± v±c±ya v± paravisa½v±danakiriy±karaºena daµµhabbo. T±ya ce kiriy±ya paro tamattha½ j±n±ti, aya½ kiriyasamuµµh±pikacetan±kkhaºeyeva mus±v±dakammun± bajjhati.

Yasm± pana yath± k±yak±yapaµibaddhav±c±hi para½ visa½v±deti, tath± “idamassa bhaº±h²”ti ±º±pentopi paººa½ likhitv± purato nissajjantopi, “ayamattho eva½ daµµhabbo”ti ku¹¹±d²su likhitv± µhapentopi. Tasm± ettha ±ºattikanissaggiyath±var±pi payog± yujjanti, aµµhakath±su pana an±gatatt± v²ma½sitv± gahetabb±.

Sacca½ vadat²ti saccav±d². Saccena sacca½ sandahati ghaµet²ti saccasandho. Na antarantar± mus± vadat²ti attho. Yo hi puriso kad±ci mus± vadati, kad±ci sacca½, tassa mus±v±dena antaritatt± sacca½ saccena na ghaµ²yati; tasm± so na saccasandho. Aya½ pana na t±diso, j²vitahetupi mus± avatv± saccena sacca½ sandahati yev±ti saccasandho.

Thetoti thiro thirakathoti attho. Eko hi puggalo haliddir±go viya, thusar±simhi nikh±takh±ºu viya, assapiµµhe µhapitakumbhaº¹amiva ca na thirakatho hoti, eko p±s±ºalekh± viya, indakh²lo viya ca thirakatho hoti, asin± s²sa½ chindantepi dve kath± na katheti, aya½ vuccati theto.

Paccayikoti pattiy±yitabbako, saddh±yitabbakoti attho. Ekacco hi puggalo na paccayiko hoti, “ida½ kena vutta½, asuken±”ti vutte “m± tassa vacana½ saddahath±”ti vattabbata½ ±pajjati. Eko paccayiko hoti, “ida½ kena vutta½, asuken±”ti vutte “yadi tena vutta½, idameva pam±ºa½, id±ni upaparikkhitabba½ natthi, evameva idan”ti vattabbata½ ±pajjati, aya½ vuccati paccayiko. Avisa½v±dako lokass±ti t±ya saccav±dit±ya loka½ na visa½v±det²ti attho.