Paµµh±napaccayakath±vaººan±

594. T±v±ti vattabbantar±pekkho nip±to, tena “avijj± saªkh±r±na½ paccayo”ti ida½ t±va siddha½, ida½ pana apara½ vattabbanti dasseti. “Ida½ pana vattabban”ti yamattha½ sandh±ya vutta½, ta½ dassetu½ paccayadhamm± n±ma yesa½ paccay± honti, yath± v± paccay± honti, tadubhayesa½ bahubh±vato anekadh±va paccay± hont²ti avijj±yapi ta½ ±saªkanto pucchi “katamesa½ saªkh±r±na½ katha½ paccayo hot²”ti, puññ±bhisaªkh±r±dayo bah³ saªkh±r± vutt±. Avijj± ca tesa½ paccayo hoti, na sabbesa½ ekadh±va hoti, tasm± imesa½ saªkh±r±na½ eva½ paccayo hot²ti ida½ vattabbanti attho. Tatr±ti tasmi½ paccayabh±ve. Yadipi “katamesa½ saªkh±r±nan”ti-±din± as±dh±raºato pucch± ±raddh±, ekadesena pana samud±yopalakkhaºametanti dv±dasanna½ paµiccasamupp±daªg±na½ yath±saka½ paccayuppann±na½ paccayabh±vo vattabboti ta½ dassetu½, avijj±ya v± paccayabh±ve pucchite tappasaªgena sabbesampi paccayadhamm±na½ paccayabh±va½ visajjetuk±mo paccaye t±va p±¼inayeneva dassetu½ “bhagavat± h²”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha ca bhagavat± catuv²sati paccay± vutt±ti sambandho. Tesa½ vasena avijj±d²na½ paccayabh±vo veditabboti adhipp±yo.

“Hetu ca so paccayo c±”ti imin± vacanena hetuno, adhipatipaccay±dibh³tassa ca gahaºa½ siy±ti ta½ niv±rento ±ha “hetu hutv± paccayo”ti. Evampi so eva doso ±pajjat²ti puna ±ha “hetubh±vena paccayoti vutta½ hot²”ti. Tena na idha hetusaddena dhammaggahaºa½ kata½, atha kho dhammassa sattiviseso gahitoti dasseti. Tassa hi paccayasaddassa ca sam±n±dhikaraºata½ sandh±ya “hetu ca so paccayo ca, hetu hutv± paccayo”ti ca vutta½. Evañca katv± parato p±¼iya½ “het³ hetu…pe… hetupaccayena paccayo”ti-±din± (paµµh±. 1.1.1) tena tena hetubh±v±di-upak±rena tassa tassa dhammassa upak±rakatta½ vutta½. Abhidhammaµµhakath±ya½ pana “yo hi dhammo ya½ dhamma½ appaccakkh±ya tiµµhati v± uppajjati v±, so tassa paccayo”ti (paµµh±. aµµha. paccayuddesavaººan±), “m³laµµhena upak±rako dhammo hetupaccayo”ti (paµµh±. aµµha. paccayuddesavaººan±) ca evam±din± dhammapaµµh±naniddesena dhammato aññ± dhammasatti n±ma natth²ti dhammeheva dhammasattivibh±vana½ katanti daµµhabba½. Idh±pi v± “hetu ca so paccayo c±”ti dhammeneva dhammasatti½ dasseti. Na hi “hetupaccayo”ti-±diko uddeso kusal±di-uddeso viya dhammappadh±no, atha kho dhamm±na½ upak±rakabh±vappadh±noti.

“Eseva nayo”ti imin± tabbh±vena paccayabh±va½ ±rammaº±d²su atidisati “±rammaºañca ta½ paccayo c±ti ±rammaºapaccayo, ±rammaºa½ hutv± paccayo, ±rammaºabh±vena paccayoti attho”ti, na kammadh±rayamatta½.

595. Vacan±vayavoti s±dhan±vayava½ sandh±y±ha. Vacanasabh±vañhi s±dhana½ paresa½ aviditatthañ±panato loke s±dhananti p±kaµa½ paññ±ta½. Tath± hi na½ avayavalakkhaºa½, vacanasabh±vañca s±dhana½, avayavapakkh±d²ni vacan±ni s±dhananti ca ñ±yav±dino vadanti. Paµiññ±, het³ti-±d²s³ti paµiññ±, hetu, ud±haraºa, upanaya, nigaman±ni. Ud±haraºas±dhammiy± s±dhyas±dhana½ hetu. Vir³po het³ti ca evam±d²su k±raºa½ ya½ kiñci k±raºalakkhaºa½, samp±pakalakkhaºampi v±. ¾di-saddena tass±pi saªgahetabbat±ya, ñ±pakalakkhaºa½ pana vacan±vayavaggahaºena gahita½. K±ma½ m³lampi k±raºalakkhaºa½ k±raºameva, k±raºanti panettha paccayahetu gahito. M³lanti hetuhet³ti k±raºavisesavisayatt± m³lassa visu½ gahaºa½. Et²ti etassa atthavacana½ vattat²ti, tañca uppattiµµhit²na½ s±dh±raºavacana½. Tenev±ha “tiµµhati v± uppajjati v±”ti. Ekacco hi paccayo µhitiy± eva upak±rako hoti yath± pacch±j±tapaccayo, ekacco uppattiy± eva yath± anantar±diko, ekacco ubhayassa yath± hetu-±dayo.

Upak±rakalakkhaºoti ca dhammena dhammasatti½ upak±ra½ dasset²ti daµµhabba½. Hinoti patiµµh±ti etth±ti hetu, anekatthatt± dh±tusadd±na½ hi-saddo m³lasaddo viya patiµµhattho veditabbo. Hinoti v± etena kammanid±nabh³tena uddha½ oja½ atiharantena m³lena viya p±dapo tappaccaya½ phala½ gacchati pavattati vuddhi½ viru¼hi½ ±pajjat²ti hetu. Attano phala½ karot²ti k±raºa½. Nidad±ti dassenta½ viya hot²ti nid±na½. Sambhavati ta½ etasm±ti sambhavo. Pabhavati etasm±ti pabhavoti paccayahetusaddehi itaresampi sam±natthat± veditabb±. Eva½ santepi k±raºavisesavisayo hetusaddo, k±raºas±maññavisayo paccayasaddoti dassento “m³laµµhen±”ti-±dim±ha. Hetu-attho, paccayaµµho ca heµµh± papañcavasena vuttoti ta½ saªkhippa½ dassento ±ha “saªkhepato…pe… hetupaccayo”ti.

Yath± s±liv²hib²j±d²ni ta½ta½osadh²na½ s±liv²hi-±dibh±vassa s±dhak±ni, maºi-±dippabh±vatth³ni ca n²l±divaºº±ni n²l±dippabh±s±dhak±ni, eva½ hetupaccayo yath±raha½ attan± sampayuttadhamm±na½ kusal±dibh±vassa s±dhakoti imamattha½ dasseti “so s±li-±d²nan”ti-±din±. ¾cariy±nanti ca revat±cariya½ sandh±y±ha. Eva½ santeti hetupaccayo yadi kusal±dibh±vas±dhako, eva½ sati. Na sampajjati na sijjhati. Yath± kusal±kusalahetu ta½samuµµh±nar³passa kusal±kusalabh±v±ya na pariyatto, eva½ aby±katopi hetu ta½samuµµh±nar³passa aby±katabh±v±ya. Sabh±veneva hi ta½ aby±katanti ±ha “na hi so tesa½ kusal±dibh±va½ s±dhet²”ti. Hetupaccayo ca tesa½ hotiyev±ti ±ha “na ca paccayo na hot²”ti. Id±ni tamattha½ p±¼iy± samatthetu½ “vuttañhetan”ti-±di vutta½. Vin± eten±ti etena hetun± aby±katabh±vas±dhakena vin± ahetukatt±, aby±katabh±vo siddho sabh±venev±ti adhipp±yo.

“Yoniso, bhikkhave, manasi karoto anuppann± ceva kusal± dhamm± uppajjanti, uppann± ca kusal± dhamm± abhiva¹¹hant²”ti-±di (a. ni. 1.67) vacanehi kusalabh±vassa yonisomanasik±rappaµibaddhat± siddh±ti ±ha “yonisomanasik±rappaµibaddho kusalabh±vo”ti. Eteneva akusala-aby±katabh±v±pi kusalabh±vo viya na hetupaµibaddh±ti dassita½ hoti. Ya½ paneke maññeyyu½ “ahetukahetussa akusalabh±vo viya sahetukahet³nampi sabh±vatova kusal±dibh±vo, aññesa½ ta½sampayutt±na½ hetupaµibaddho”ti, tassa uttara½ vattu½ “yadi c±”ti-±dim±ha. Alobho kusalo v± siy± aby±kato v±ti yadi alobho sabh±vato kusalo, so kusalasabh±vatt± aby±kato na siy±. Atha aby±kato ta½sabh±vatt± kusalo na siy± alobhasabh±vassa adosatt±bh±vo viya. Yasm± pana ubhayath±pi hoti, tasm± yath± ubhayath± hontesu saddh±d²su sampayuttesu hetupaµibaddha½ kusal±dibh±va½ pariyesetha, na sabh±vato, eva½ het³supi kusal±dit± aññapaµibaddh± pariyesitabb±, na sabh±vatoti ya½ vutta½ “sampayuttahet³su sabh±vatova kusal±dibh±vo”ti, ta½ na yujjati. S± pana pariyesiyam±n± yonisomanasik±r±dipaµibaddh± hot²ti het³su viya sampayuttesupi yonisomanasik±r±dipaµibaddho kusal±dibh±vo, na hetupaµibaddhoti siddha½ hot²ti adhipp±yo.

Viru¼ham³l± viy±ti etena m³l±ni viya m³l±n²ti dasseti. Tenev±ha “suppatiµµhitabh±vas±dhanen±”ti. Sv±ya½ “kusalo dhammo kusalassa, kusalo dhammo aby±katassa, kusalo dhammo kusal±by±katassa, akusalo dhammo akusalassa, akusalo dhammo aby±katassa, akusalo dhammo akusal±by±katassa, aby±kato dhammo aby±katass±”ti eva½ sattadh± pañh±v±re niddiµµho. Ya½ pana vutta½ hetukicca½ dassentena “het³ hetusampayuttak±na½ dhamm±na½, ta½samuµµh±n±nañca r³p±na½ hetupaccayena paccayo”ti (paµµh±. 1.1.1), tattha paµhamo hetusaddo paccattaniddiµµho paccayadhammaniddeso, tenassa hetubh±vena upak±rakat± hetupaccayat±ti dasseti. Dutiyo paccayuppannavisesana½, tena na yesa½ kesañci sampayuttak±na½ het³ hetupaccayena paccayo, atha kho hetun± sampayutt±namev±ti dasseti. Nanu ca sampayuttasaddassa s±pekkhatt± dutiye hetusadde avijjam±nepi aññassa apekkhitabbassa aniddiµµhatt± het³ attan±va sampayuttak±na½ hetupaccayena paccayoti ayamattho viññ±yat²ti? N±yamekanto. Hetusaddo hi paccattaniddiµµho “hetupaccayena paccayo”ti ettheva by±vaµo yad± gayhati, na tad± sampayuttavisesana½ hot²ti sampayutta-avisiµµh± ye keci gahit± bhaveyyunti. Nanu ca yath± “ar³pino ±h±r± sampayuttak±na½ dhamm±na½, ar³pino indriy± sampayuttak±na½ dhamm±nan”ti ca vutte dutiyena ±h±raggahaºena, indriyaggahaºena ca vin±pi ±h±rindriyasampayuttak±va gayhanti, evamidh±pi siy±ti? Na, ±h±rindriy±sampayuttassa vajjetabbassa abh±vato. Vajjetabb±bh±vato hi tattha dutiye ±h±rindriyaggahaºe asatipi ta½sampayuttak±va gayhant²ti ta½ na kata½, idha pana vajjetabba½ atth²ti kattabba½ dutiya½ hetuggahaºa½. Evampi “het³ hetusampayuttak±nan”ti ettha hetusampayuttak±na½ so eva sampayuttakahet³ti visesanassa akatatt± yo koci hetu yassa kassaci hetusampayuttassa hetupaccayena paccayoti ±pajjat²ti? N±pajjati, paccattaniddiµµhasseva hetuno puna sampayuttavisesanabh±vena vuttatt±. Etadatthameva hi vin±pi dutiyena hetusaddena hetusampayuttabh±ve siddhepi tassa gahaºa½ kata½.

Atha v± asati dutiye hetusadde hetusampayuttak±na½ hetupaccayena paccayo, na pana het³nanti evampi gahaºa½ siy±ti tanniv±raºattha½ so vutto. Tena hetusampayuttabh±va½ ye labhanti, tesa½ sabbesa½ het³na½, aññesampi het³ hetupaccayena paccayoti dassita½ hoti. Yasm± pana hetujh±namagg± patiµµh±matt±dibh±vena aññadhammanirapekkh±, na ±h±rindriy± viya s±pekkh± eva, tasm± etesveva dutiya½ het±diggahaºa½ kata½. ¾h±rindriy± pana ±haritabba-²sitabb±pekkh± eva, tasm± te vin±pi dutiyena ±h±rindriyaggahaºena attan± eva ±haritabbe, ²sitabbe ca ±h±rindriyabh³te, aññe ca sampayuttake paricchindant²ti ta½ tattha na kata½. Idha ca dutiyena hetuggahaºena paccayuppann±na½ hetun±, paccayabh³teneva ca sampayutt±na½ het³na½, aññesañca paricchinnatt± puna visesena kicca½ natth²ti pañh±v±re “kusal± het³ sampayuttak±na½ khandh±nan”ti-±d²su dutiya½ hetuggahaºa½ na katanti daµµhabba½.

596. ¾rammaºabh±ven±ti visayabh±vena, ±lambitabbabh±ven±ti attho. ¾rabhitv±p²ti pi-saddena imamattha½ dasseti– r³p±yatan±dimatte yasmi½ kismiñci ekasmi½ aµµhatv± “ya½ ya½ dhamma½ ±rabbh±”ti (paµµh± 1.1.2) aniyamena sabbar³p±yatan±na½…pe… sabbadhamm±yatan±nañca ±rammaºapaccayabh±vassa vuttatt± r³p±dibhedena chabbidhesu saªkhat±saªkhatapaññattidhammesu na koci dhammo ±rammaºapaccayo na hot²ti. Sv±ya½ ±rammaºapaccayabh±vo heµµh± vibh±vito eva. ¾lambitv±ti gahetv±. Ekantas±rammaºabh±vato an±rabbha pavatti eva natth²ti ±ha “±rabbhev±”ti. Sv±ya½ “kusalo dhammo kusalassa, kusalo dhammo akusalassa, kusalo dhammo aby±katassa, akusalo dhammo akusalassa, kusalassa, aby±katassa, aby±kato dhammo aby±katassa, kusalassa, akusalass±”ti eva½ navappak±ro veditabbo.