Aparo nayo– paccetumarahat²ti paµicco. Yo hi na½ pacceti abhisameti, tassa accantameva dukkhav³pasam±ya sa½vattati. Samm±, saha ca upp±det²ti samupp±do. Paccayadhammo hi attano phala½ upp±dento sampuººameva upp±deti, na vikala½. Ye ca dhamme upp±deti, te sabbe saheva upp±deti, na ekeka½. Iti paµicco ca so samupp±do c±ti paµiccasamupp±do. Atha v± paµicca paµimukha½ itv± k±raºas±maggi½ appaµikkhipitv± sahite upp±det²ti paµiccasamupp±do. Paµimukhagamanañca paccayassa k±raºas±maggiy± aªgabh±vena phalassa upp±danameva. Appaµikkhipitv±ti ca na vin± t±ya k±raºas±maggiy±, aªgabh±va½ agantv± sayameva na upp±det²ti attho. Etena k±raºabahut± dassit±, “sahite”ti imin± paccayuppannadhammabahut±. Ubhayen±pi “eka½ na ekato”ti-±din± (visuddhi. 2.617) parato vuccam±no s±sananayo d²pito hoti.
Atha v± paµicca paccetabba½ paccaya½ paµigantv± na vin± tena sambandhassa upp±do paµiccasamupp±do (ud±. aµµha. 1). Paµiccasamupp±doti cettha samupp±dappadh±navacanaviññeyyo sasattiko het³ti veditabbo. Tattha “paµicc±”ti vutte ki½ paµicc±ti vattabbanti ±ha “paccetabban”ti. So ca paccayadhammoti katv± vutta½ “paccayan”ti. Id±ni paµiccasaddassa attham±ha “paµigantv±”ti. K±raºassa sabh±vena tappaµil±bhagatiy± patv±. Katha½ na vin± tena? Sati eva tasmi½, tassa ca phalassa upp±dato eva, na aññath±. Asati, nirodhato c±ti aya½ paccayaµµhiti paµiccasaddassa attho. Ten±ya½ paµiccasaddo yath± “imasmi½ sati imassupp±do”ti ete sadd± bhummanissakkavacanajotan²yena ida½-saddavacan²yassa hetumato hetu-±yattabh±vena bh±vupp±duttarakiriy±pekkhena y±yassa tad±yattat±, t±ya samatthat±ya hetu½ vadanti, eva½ gantv±-saddantaravacan²yena ta½viññeyyasseva paccayanakiriy±kattuhetumato hetupaccayanena hetu-±yattabh±vena samupp±duttarakiriy±pekkhena y±yassa tad±yattat±, t±ya samatthat±ya hetum±ha. Evañca katv± “avijj± paµicca, saªkh±r± paµiccasamuppann±”ti-±di (paµi. ma. 1.46) saªkh±rapiµake vutta½. Samatthat± cettha nid±n±dibh±vo. So ca tadavin±bh±viphala½ pati satvameva. Sambandhass±ti ca sa½yojan±nur³pat±vasena j±ti-±din± sambandhassa jar±maraº±dipaccayuppannassa. Upp±doti uppajjana½. Yadi eva½ katha½ paµiccasaddappayogo, nanu sam±nakattuk±na½ pubbak±le ²diso saddappayogoti? “Bhutv± gacchati, kasitv± vapat²”ti-±d²su saccameta½, ta½ pana yebhuyyavasena daµµhabba½ sam±n±parak±le, asam±nakattuke ca dassanato. Sam±nak±le t±va–
“Andhak±ra½ nihantv±na, udit±ya½ div±karo;
vaººapaññ±vabh±sehi, obh±setv± samuggato”ti.–

Ud±haraºa½. Keci pana “mukha½ by±d±ya sayati, akkh²ni parivattetv± passat²”ti ud±haranti. Apare “nisajja adh²te, µhatv± kathet²”ti.

Tattha by±d±naparivattanuttarak±labh±visayanadassanakiriy±pekkh± pubbuttarak±lat± atthi, s± ca bhed±nupalakkhaº± kehici na lakkh²yati. “Nisajja adh²te, µhatv± kathet²”ti ca sam±nak±lat±yapi ajjhenakathanehi pubbepi nisajjaµµh±n±ni hont²ti sakk± pubbuttarak±lat± sambh±vetu½, tasm± purim±niyeva ud±haraº±ni yutt±ni. Udayasamak±lameva hi tannivattaniyanivattananti. Aparak±le “dv±ram±varitv± pavisati, ±varitv± nikkhamat²”ti. Keci pana “¹akkacca patito daº¹o”ti ud±haranti. Abhigh±tabh³tasahaj±t±ya pana abhigh±tajasaddassa sam±nak±lat± ettha labbhati, tasm± idh±pi purim±niyeva ud±haraº±ni yutt±ni. Purimat±vacanicch±vaseneva pana lakkhaºahetukiriy±na½ lakkhaºahetubh±vavacanicch±ti lakkhaºabh±vato purimak±lo icceva “nihantv±n±”ti saddasiddhi icchit±, evañca paccayanakiriy± samuppajjanakiriy±ya purimik±v±ti paµicca-saddasiddhi. Tattha yutta½ paccakkhato kattudassanato. Idha pana tadabh±vato na yuttanti ce? N±ya½ doso. Idh±pi anum±nato siddho. Jar±maraº±diko katt± attheva “ñatv± kiriyato vayan”ti evam±dipayogadassanato avassa½ anumiyam±nena kattun± ²diso saddapayogo icchitabbo. Asam±ne pana kattari “pis±ca½ disv± bhaya½ hoti, paññ±ya cassa disv± ±sav± parikkh²º± hont²”ti (ma. ni. 1.271; 2.182; pu. pa. 204) evam±di veditabba½. Yath± ca tattha pis±cadassan±dipurisaby±p±ro, evamidh±pi paccayana½ paccayaby±p±ro attano phalupp±dana½, tañca satva½ samupp±dov±ti “paccaye sati, paccayassa upp±d±”ti paccayanassa samupp±dahetut±ya gamako sam±nassa kattu abh±vepi paµicca-saddo siddhoti veditabbo. Yadi paµiccasambandhassa upp±do paµiccasamupp±do, katha½ paccayo paµiccasamupp±doti? Heµµh± vic±ritov±yamattho. Apica yoya½ samupp±da-saddavibh±vit±na½ paccayuppann±na½ paµiccasaddavibh±vito sasattiko hetu adhippeto, tassa samupp±d±bhimukhat±ya padh±navacanaviññeyyasabh±vatt± tath± vuttoti.
Ki½ pana k±raºa½ samupp±dapadh±nena vacanena samupp±dassa hetu veditabbo, na pana sahetuko samupp±do ev±ti? Vuccate– diµµhassa dukkhassa yo paccayo paccayaniddesena tassa vibh±vitatt±. Katha½? Yath±ha–
“Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pariv²ma½sam±no pariv²ma½sati ‘ya½ kho ida½ anekavidha½ n±nappak±raka½ dukkha½ loke uppajjati jar±maraºa½, ida½ nu kho dukkha½ ki½ nid±na½ ki½ samudaya½ ki½ j±tika½ ki½ pabhava½, kismi½ sati jar±maraºa½ hoti, kismi½ asati jar±maraºa½ na hot²’ti. So pariv²ma½sam±no eva½ paj±n±ti ‘ya½ kho ida½…pe… ida½ kho dukkha½ j±tinid±na”’micc±din± (sa½. ni. 2.51)–

Diµµhassa dukkhassa nid±na½ pariv²ma½sasutte vutta½. Ta½ paj±nanañca nid±nampi viññ±tabbanti. Yath± c±ha–

“Pubbe me, bhikkhave, sambodh± anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi ‘kiccha½ vat±ya½ loko ±panno j±yati ca j²yati ca m²yati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraºa½ nappaj±n±ti jar±maraºassa. Kud±ssu n±ma imassa dukkhassa nissaraºa½ paññ±yissati jar±maraºass±’ti…pe… tassa mayha½, bhikkhave, yoniso manasik±r± ahu paññ±ya abhisamayo ‘j±tiy± kho sati jar±maraºa½ hoti, j±tipaccay± jar±maraºa”n’ti (sa½. ni. 2.10)–

¾din± diµµhassa dukkhassa paccayav²ma½s±bhisamay± vutt±. Paccayo hi ñ±tabbo. Tadabhisamay±yattañca dukkhanissaraºapaj±nananti yo ca ñ±tabbo, so pavedetabboti paµiccasamupp±dasaddo ya½ yadida½ samupp±dasaddavibh±vita½ diµµha½ dukkha½, ta½ paccaya½ paµicceva, na aññath±ti eva½ paccayavibh±vanattha½ vuccati. Bhavati hi ñ±tu½, pavedetuñca icchitabh±vena padh±nass±pi kenaci visesena ñ±tabbat±ya appadh±nabh±vena niddeso yath± “ko sot±panno, yassa t²ºi sa½yojan±ni pah²n±ni. Ko devadatto, yassa uccatar±ni geh±n²”ti, evamidh±pi paccayapaccayanapavedanaµµhena niddese sattivisesena attano phalena paccan²yat±ya ñ±tabbabh±vena “paµicc±”ti pariy±yena paccayo vutto.

Yo c±ya½ “avijj±paccay± saªkh±r±”ti-±diko niddeso, so ca sakalassa dukkhakkhandhassa m³lato paµµh±ya paccay±na½ pavedan±ya niddiµµhoti pariyos±nepi “evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hot²”ti eva½-saddena samuggh±ta½ dukkha½ dassetv± tassa yath±vutte paccaye ta½samuday±bhimukhe katv± nigamit± paccay±. Paµipad±suttepi (sa½. ni. 2.3) “avijj±paccay±…pe… samudayo hot²”ti vatv± “aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, micch±paµipad±”ti vutta½. Na ca paµiccasamuppannabh±vena gahita½ dukkha½ micch±paµipada½, atha kho dukkhasamudayabh³t± paccay±ti. Yath± ca “pañcaªgiko samm±sam±dhi (d². ni. 3.335), pañcañ±ºiko samm±sam±dh²”ti (d². ni. 3.355) aªgañ±ºapaµivedanatthatt± desan±ya samm±sam±dhipadh±nehi saddehi aªgañ±ºapaµivedana½ kata½, evamidh±pi samupp±dapadh±nena saddena paccayapaµivedana½ katanti veditabba½.
581. Y± pan±ya½ tant²ti sambandho. Nikkhitt±ti µhapit±, desit±ti attho. Yath±dhippetassa atthassa tananato tanti, gantho. “Ki½ v±d², bhante, samm±sambuddho”ti pucchitena “vibhajjav±d², mah±r±j±”ti (p±r±. aµµha. 1.tatiyasaªg²tikath±; kath±. aµµha. nid±nakath±) moggaliputtatissattherena vuttatt± samm±sambuddhas±vak± vibhajjav±dino. Te hi satth±r± venayik±dibh±va½ vibhajja vutta½ anuvadanti, somanass±d²na½, c²var±d²nañca sevitabb±sevitabbabh±va½. Sassatucchedav±de v± vibhajja vadanti. “Sassato att± ca loko c±”ti-±d²na½ (d². ni. 1.31) µhapan²y±na½ µhapanato, r±g±dikkhayassa sassatassa, r±g±dik±yaduccarit±di-ucchedassa ca vacanato, na pana eka½saby±karaº²y±dike tayo pañhe apanetv± vibhajjaby±karaº²yameva vadanti. Vibhajjav±d²na½ maº¹ala½ sam³ho vibhajjav±dimaº¹ala½. Vibhajjav±dino v± bhagavato paris± vibhajjav±dimaº¹alantipi vadanti, vibhajja v± sassatucchede ubho ante anupagamma majjhimapaµipad±bh³tassa paµiccasamupp±dassa desanato bhagav±, tadanuv±dato tassa s±vak± ca vibhajjav±dinoti. Sesa½ purimasadisa½.
Otaritv±ti og±hetv±, vibhajjav±d² hutv±ti attho. Na hi saya½ avibhajjav±d² sam±no vibhajjav±d²na½ antare µh±namattena vibhajjav±dimaº¹ala½ otiººo n±ma hoti. ¾cariyehi avuttavipar²tatthad²panena te na-abbhacikkhantena. Avijj± puññ±neñj±bhisaªkh±r±nampi hetu paccayo hot²ti vadanto, kath±vatthumhi paµikkhitte puggalav±d±dike ca vadanto sakasamaya½ vokkamati n±ma, tath± avokkamantena. Parasamaya½ dos±ropanaby±p±ravirahena an±y³hantena. “Idampi sutta½ gahetabban”ti parasamaya½ asampiº¹enten±ti keci vadanti. “Tath±ha½ bhagavat± dhamma½ desita½ ±j±n±mi, yath± tadevida½ viññ±ºa½ sandh±vati sa½sarati anaññan”ti-±d²ni (ma. ni. 1.396) vadanto sutta½ paµib±hati n±ma, tath± apaµib±hantena. “Tath±ha½ bhagavat± dhamma½ desita½ ±j±n±mi, yath± yeme antar±yik± dhamm± vutt± bhagavat±, te paµisevato n±la½ antar±y±ya (ma. ni. 1.234; p±ci. 417, 418), supinante kato v²tikkamo ±pattikaro hot²”ti ca evam±di½ vadanto vinaya½ paµilometi n±ma, tabbipariy±yena ta½ anulomentena. Paµilomento hi kammantara½ bhindanto, dhammatañca vilomento kuto kilesavinaya½ anulometi. Sutte (d². ni. 2.187 ±dayo; a. ni. 4.180) vutte catt±ro mah±padese, aµµhakath±yañca vutte suttasutt±nuloma-±cariyav±da-attanomatimah±padese olokentena. Tadolokanena hi sutte, vinaye ca santiµµhati n±tidh±vati.
Dhammanti paµiccasamupp±dap±¼i½. Atthanti tadattha½. Hetu, hetuphal±ni v± ayamettha hetu dhammo, idamettha hetuphala½ atthoti. Dhammanti v± dhammata½. Yath± eke “upp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ anupp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti (sa½. ni. 2.20) suttapadassa attha½ micch± g±hent± “nicco paµiccasamupp±do”ti paccay±k±radhamma½ micch± d²penti, eva½ ad²petv± heµµh± vuttanayeneva attano phala½ pati k±raºassa vavatthitasabh±va½ d²pentena. Yath± ca eke “anirodha½ anupp±dan”ti-±din± paµiccasamupp±dassa attha½ micch± g±henti, eva½ g±he akatv± vuttanayeneva avipar²ta½ attha½ saªg±hentena. “Dukkh±d²su aññ±ºa½ avijj±”ti vuttamattha½ parivattetv± puna “pubbante aññ±ºan”ti-±d²hi (dha. sa. 1067) aparehipi pariy±yehi niddisantena “Saªkh±r± imin± pariy±yena bhavoti vuccanti, taºh± imin± pariy±yena up±d±nan”ti-±din± niddisanten±ti ca vadanti. Pakatiy±ti yath±vuttavidh±na½ an±masitv± kevalameva.