17. Paññ±bh³miniddesavaººan±

Paµiccasamupp±dakath±vaººan±

570. Imiss± paññ±y±ti imiss± yath±dhigat±ya vipassan±ya. Bh³mibh³tes³ti pavattiµµh±nabh³tesu. K±mañc±ya½ paµiccasamupp±dapaµiccasamuppannasamaññ± pit±puttasamaññ± viya apekkh±siddh±, hetuphaladhammesu pana yath±kkama½ vavatthit±v±ti “paµiccasamupp±do cev±”ti-±din± vibhajja vutta½. ¾disadden±ti “paµiccasamupp±d±dibhed±”ti ettha vutta-±disaddena. Avases± honti, sa½vaººan±vasen±ti adhipp±yo. Ten±ha “tesa½ vaººan±kkamo anuppatto”ti.
Avijj±dayo dhamm± paµiccasamupp±do, na samuppattimatta½. Sv±yamattho imin± suttapadena veditabboti dassento “vuttañhetan”ti-±di½ vatv± paµiccasamuppanne pana dassetu½ “jar±maraº±dayo pan±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Kasm± panettha anulomato paµiccasamupp±dadhamm± dassit±, paµilomato paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±ti? Yato te paccayato uppann±, tassa samanantaradassanattha½.
Na nicca½ na sassatanti anicca½. Samecca sambh³ya paccayehi katanti saªkhata½. Paµicca paccay±raha½ paccaya½ niss±ya sahitameva uppannanti paµiccasamuppanna½. Khayanasabh±va½ khayadhamma½. Vayanasabh±va½ vayadhamma½. Virajjanasabh±va½ palujjanasabh±va½ vir±gadhamma½. Nirujjhanasabh±va½ nirodhadhamma½. Sesa½ yadettha vattabba½, ta½ parato ±vi bhavissati.
571. Etth±ti etesu yath±vuttesu suttapadesu. Saªkhepoti atthasaªkhepo.
J±tipaccay±ti j±tisaªkh±t± paccay±. Hetumhi nissakkavacana½. Ýhit±va s± dh±t³ti y±ya½ jar±maraºassa idappaccayat± “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti, es± dh±tu esa sabh±vo. S± tath±gat±na½ upp±dato pubbe, uddhañca aviññ±yam±no, majjhe ca viññ±yam±no, na tath±gatehi upp±dito, atha kho sambhavantassa jar±maraºassa sabbak±la½ j±tipaccayato sambhavoti µhit± eva. Kevala½ pana sayambh³ñ±ºena abhisambujjhanato, “aya½ dhammo tath±gatena adhigato”ti pavedanato ca tath±gato “dhammass±m²”ti vuccati na apubbassa upp±danato. Tena vutta½ “µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti. S± eva j±tipaccay± jar±maraºanti ettha vipall±s±bh±vato eva½ avabujjham±nassa etassa sabh±vassa, hetuno v± tatheva bh±vato µhitat±ti dhammaµµhitat±. J±ti v± jar±maraºassa upp±daµµhiti pavatta-±y³hanasa½yogapalibodhasamudayahetupaccayaµµhit²ti tadupp±d±dibh±venass± µhitat± “dhammaµµhitat±”ti phala½ patis±matthiyato hetumeva vadati.
Atha v± dh±r²yati paccayeh²ti dhammo, tiµµhati tattha tad±yattavuttit±ya phalanti µhiti, dhammassa µhiti dhammaµµhiti. Dhammoti v± k±raºa½, paccayoti attho. Dhammassa µhitisabh±vo, dhammato ca añño sabh±vo natth²ti dhammaµµhiti, paccayo. Ten±ha “paccayapariggahe paññ± dhammaµµhitiñ±ºan”ti (paµi. ma. 1.45). Dhammaµµhiti eva dhammaµµhitat±. S± eva dh±tu “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti imassa sabh±vassa, hetuno v± aññathatt±bh±vato “na j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti viññ±yam±nassa tabbh±v±bh±vato niy±mat± vavatthitabh±voti dhammaniy±mat±. Phalassa v± jar±maraºassa j±tiy± sati sambhavo dhamme hetumhi µhitat±ti dhammaµµhitat±. Asati asambhavo dhamme niyatat±ti dhammaniy±mat±ti eva½ phalena hetu½ vibh±veti. Ta½ “µhit±va s± dh±t³”ti-±din± (sa½. ni. 2.20) vutta½ idappaccayata½ abhisambujjhati paccakkhakaraºena abhimukha½ bujjhati y±th±vato paµivijjhati. Abhisamet²ti tassa vevacana½. ¾dito kathento ±cikkhati, uddisat²ti attho. Tameva uddesa½ pariyos±pento deseti. Yath±-uddiµµhamattha½ niddisanavasena pak±rehi ñ±pent± paññapeti. Pak±rehiyeva patiµµhapento paµµhapeti. Yath±niddiµµhamattha½ paµiniddisanavasena vivarati vibhajati, vivaµañhi vibhattañca attha½ hetudh±raºadassanehi p±kaµa½ karonto utt±n²karoti. Utt±n²karonto tath±paccakkhabh³ta½ katv± nigamanavasena passath±ti c±ha.
572. Paccayalakkhaºoti paccayabh±valakkhaºo, paccayoti v± lakkhitabbo. Pavattidukkhassa anubandh±panakiccat±ya dukkh±nubandhanaraso. Nibb±nag±mimaggassa uppathabh±vato kummaggapaccupaµµh±no.
So pan±ya½ paµiccasamupp±do. Y±vattakehi paccayehi ya½ phala½ uppajjan±raha½, avikaleheva tehi tassa uppatti, tadaññena ca tassa payojana½ natth²ti ±ha “an³n±dhikehev±”ti. Yath± ta½ cakkhur³p±lokamanasik±rehi cakkhuviññ±ºassa, etena ta½ta½phalanipph±danena tass± paccayas±maggiy± tapparat± tathat±ti dasseti. S±magginti samodh±na½, samav±yanti attho. Asambhav±bh±vatoti anuppajjanassa abh±vato. Paccayas±maggiyañhi sati anuppajjane tass± vitathat± siy±. Aññadhammappaccayeh²ti aññassa phaladhammassa paccayehi. Aññadhamm±nuppattitoti tato aññassa phaladhammassa anuppajjanato. Na hi kad±ci cakkhur³p±lokamanasik±rehi sotaviññ±ºassa sambhavo atthi, yadi siy±, tass± s±maggiy± aññathat± n±ma siy±, na ceta½ atth²ti “anaññathat±”ti vutta½. Paccayatoti paccayabh±vato. Paccayasam³hatoti etth±pi eseva nayo.
573. Idappaccay± eva idappaccayat±ti t±-saddena pada½ va¹¹hita½, na kiñci atthantara½ yath± devo eva devat±ti. Idappaccay±na½ v± sam³ho idappaccayat±ti sam³hattha½ t±-saddam±ha yath± “jan±na½ sam³ho janat±”ti. Nanu ca “atthi idappaccay± jar±maraºanti iti puµµhena sat±, ±nanda, atth²tissa vacan²ya½. Ki½ paccay± jar±maraºanti iti ce vadeyya, j±tipaccay± jar±maraºanti iccassa vacan²yan”ti (d². ni. 2.96) j±tisaddapaccayasaddasam±n±dhikaraºena ki½-saddena ida½saddassa sam±n±dhikaraºat±dassanato idappaccayasaddassa kammadh±rayasam±so dissati, na hettha “imassa paccay± idappaccay±”ti jar±maraºassa, aññassa v± paccayato jar±maraºasambhavapucch± sambhavati viditabh±vato, asambhavato ca, jar±maraºassa pana paccayapucch± sambhavati. Paccaya-saddena ca sam±n±dhikaraºat±ya ida½-saddassa imasm± paccay±ti paccayapucch± yujjati. S± ca sam±n±dhikaraºat± b±hiratthasam±sepi labbhati. Tato ca aññapadatthavacanicch±bh±ve kammadh±rayasam±so labbhati.
S±mivacanasam±se pana sam±n±dhikaraºat± natth²ti na kathañci kammadh±rayasam±sasambhavoti? Nayidameva½ vacanicchantarabh±vato. Paµiccasamupp±davacanicch± hes± “idappaccayat± paµiccasamupp±do”ti ettha. “Atthi idappaccay± jar±maraºan”ti ettha pana jar±maraºassa paccayamattaparipucch±, tasm± yath± ida½-saddassa paµiccasamupp±davisesanat±, pucchitabbapaccayavisesanat± ca hoti, tath± sam±savikappo ettha, tattha ca k±tabboti na sam±santaradassana½ s±mivacanasam±sab±dhaka½. Kasm± panetth±pi kammadh±rayasam±so na icchitoti? Hetuppabhav±na½ hetu paµiccasamupp±doti imassatthassa kammadh±rayasam±se asambhavato, “imassa attano paccay±nur³passa anur³po paccayo idappaccayo”ti imassa ca atthassa icchitatt±. Yo panettha ida½-saddena gahito attho, so “atthi idappaccay± jar±maraºan”ti ettha jar±maraºaggahaºeneva gahitoti ida½-saddo paµiccasamuppannato abhassitv± aññ±sambhavato paccaye avatiµµhati, tasm± tattha kammadh±rayasam±so. Ettha pana ida½-saddassa tato pariccajanak±raºa½ natth²ti s±mivacanasam±so eva. Evampi na idappaccayo eva idappaccayabh±vo bhavitu½ yuttoti idappaccayat±ya paµiccasamupp±dat±nupapatt²ti? N±ya½ doso atthantar±bh±vatoti vuttov±yamattho.
Atha v± pana hotu idappaccayabh±vo idappaccayat±ti. Bh±voti cettha avin±bh±viphala½ pati hetuno satva½. Tath± hi idappaccaya-saddo j±ti-±d²su niru¼ho. Tañca idappaccayasatva½ idappaccayato añña½ natthi. Yadi añña½ siy±, ta½ avijjam±na½ siy±. Na hi sat± añña½ vijjam±na½ hoti. Atha satva½ sa½ n±ma, yassa sato bh±vo, ta½ asa½ n±ma siy±. Na hi ta½ satva½ sabh±va½ satvato aññatt±, tasm± sato bh±vo satvanti niddeso na yujjati. Na ca sa½-sambandhena asa½ sa½ n±ma hoti, pageva sa½-sambandhena. Asati ca saditiggahaºa½ vipar²tagg±hoti na gahaºato sa½siddhi. Sadisakappan±yañca m±ºavakassa s²habh±vo viya na asato sa½-sabh±vat±. Yasm± pana idappaccayabh±vo yath±vutta½ satva½, na asatva½. N±pi yassa ta½ satva½, tadasa½, tasm± idappaccayabh±vo idappaccayasar³pa½ sabh±vantarehi vinivattabh±vadassanattha½ imass±yanti visesetv± idappaccayat±ti vuttanti na idappaccayat±ya paµiccasamupp±dabh±v±sambhavo.
Paµicca samuppajjati etasm±ti paµiccasamupp±doti tass±pi hetu-atthabh±vato j±ti-±dipad±na½ evameva hetubh±vav±cakat±ya hetupadh±nat± yojetabb± hetuppabhav±na½ hetu paµiccasamupp±doti katv± Tath± hi “dasabalasamann±gato, bhikkhave, tath±gato cat³hi ves±rajjehi samann±gato ±sabha½ µh±na½ paµij±n±ti, paris±su s²han±da½ nadati, brahmacakka½ pavatteti, imasmi½ sati ida½ hoti y±va ‘evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hot²”’ti (sa½. ni. 2.21-22) anena s²han±dasuttena pak±sito evamattho. “Ki½ v±d² pan±yasmato satth± kimakkh±y²”ti puµµhena ±yasmat± assajittherena–
“Ye dhamm± hetuppabhav±, tesa½ hetu½ tath±gato ±ha;
tesañca yo nirodho, eva½v±d² mah±samaºo”ti. (Mah±va. 60; apa. thera 1.1.286)–

Vutto. Tena viññ±yati hetuppabhav±na½ hetu paµiccasamupp±doti. Sesamettha vattabba½ parato ±vi bhavissati.

574. Paµicc±ti ta½ ta½ k±raºa½ niss±ya. Samm±ti avipar²ta½ aniccato aniccassa upp±doti katv±. Niccato hi k±raºato phalassa upp±do vipar²to. Ten±ha “titthiya…pe… nirapekkho”ti. “Upp±do paññ±yat²”ti (sa½. ni. 3.38; a. ni. 3.47; kath±. 214) eva½ vuttasaªkhatalakkhaºato añño “paccayato khaºato”ti ettha vuttapaccayalakkhaºo eko ±k±ro upp±doti tesa½ adhipp±yo. Ya½ sandh±ya te “j±ti-±d²na½ hetavo j±ti-±dayo”ti vadanti, ta½ tesa½ matimatta½, nibbattilakkhaºavinimuttassa t±disassa kassaci abh±vato. Ten±ha “ta½ na yujjat²”ti-±di. Gambh²ranay±sambhavatoti gambh²r±na½ nay±nañca asambhavato. Saddabhedatoti saddavin±sato sadd±yogato. Sutta½ natthi “paµiccasamupp±da½ vo, bhikkhave, desess±m²”ti-±disuttapadehi (sa½. ni. 2.1, 20) upp±damattassa appak±sitatt±. Ayameva hi attho heµµh± dassito id±nipi dass²yati. Ta½ upp±damatta½. Vihar±mi tasmi½ paµham±bhisambuddhak±leti adhipp±yo. Vihar±m²ti v± k±lavipall±sena vutta½, vih±sinti attho. Tatr±ti tasmi½ padesavih±re. Paccay±k±radassanen±ti yen±k±rena paccayadhammo paccayuppannassa paccayo hoti, so paccay±k±ro paccayabh±vo, tassa dassanena. Idha pana vedan±na½ paccayabh±vo adhippeto. Ten±ha “micch±diµµhipaccay±pi vedayitan”ti-±di. Vedan±na½yeva hi paccaya½ passantena vuttavih±ro paµiccasamupp±dassa ekadesameva passato vih±roti katv± padesavih±ro j±to, anantanayasamantapaµµh±namanasik±ro paµham±bhisambuddhavih±ro. Tañhi nippadesato paccay±k±radassananti eke. Padesavih±rasuttavirodho ±pajjati tassa vedan±na½ paccayadhammamanasik±ravibh±vanato.