Magganiddesakath±vaººan±
562. Aµµha dhamm±ti “katama½ dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasaccan”ti ±rabhitv± “samm±diµµh²”ti-±din± p±¼iya½ (vibha. 205) dukkhanirodhag±minipaµipad±niddese ±gat±, tameva ca p±¼i½ ±netv± uddesavasena idha ca vutt± samm±diµµhi-±dayo aµµha dhamm± atthato pak±sit±, na maggasaccaniddesavasen±ti adhipp±yo. Yadi atthato pak±sit±, kimatthiya½ pana idha kathananti ±ha “idha pan±”ti-±di. Tattha “ekakkhaºe pavattam±n±nan”ti ida½ lokiyakusalacittupp±desu viratiyo n±n±kkhaºik± eva hont²ti katv± vutta½. Sesamaggadhamm± pana tatth±pi ekajjha½ uppajjantiyeva. Vises±vabodhanatthanti paµipakkhasamuggh±t±dipavatti-±k±ravisesassa avabodhanattha½. Vitth±rato maggakath± parato ±vi bhavissat²ti ±ha “saªkhepato”ti. Catusaccapaµivedh±ya paµipannass±ti yath± catusacc±bhisamayo hoti, eva½ sabbaso pubbabh±gapaµipattiy± parip³raºavasena paµipannassa. Ariyamaggasaªkh±tassa yogassa sabbh±vato yogino. K±ma½ avijj±nusayasamuggh±te tadekaµµhakiles±na½ lesopi n±vasissati, vijj±ya pana avijj± ujuvipaccan²kadhammoti dassanattha½ “avijj±nusayasamuggh±takan”ti vutta½. Parato micch±saªkapp±diggahaºepi eseva nayo. Dh±tuppak±sanaras±ti paramatthapak±sanaras±, catusaccavibh±vanakicc±ti attho. Maggadhamm±na½ paµipakkhavidhaman±k±ro s±tisaya½ p±kaµo hutv± upaµµh±t²ti avijj±nusayasamuggh±takata½ samm±diµµhiy± vatv±pi avijjandhak±raviddha½sanapaccupaµµh±nat± vutt±. Tath± sampannadiµµhinoti yath± avijj±nusayasamuggh±to hoti, tath± maggasamm±diµµhiy± sampannadiµµhino. Evañhi catusaccapaµivedh±ya paµipannassa yoginoti imamattha½ tath±-saddo upasa½harati. Nibb±n±rammaºat± pana ta½sampayuttavacaneneva bodhit±. Micch±saªkappanigh±takanti k±masaªkapp±dimicch±saªkappasamucchedaka½. Appan±rasoti nibb±n±rammaºe maggacittassa samupp±davasena pavattanato appan±kicco. Tath± passato vitakkayato c±ti vuttappak±r±ya samm±diµµhiy± passato, nibb±n±rammaºe ca samm±saªkappena citta½ abhiniropayato. Vac²duccaritasamuggh±tik±ti catubbidhassapi vac²duccaritassa samucchedik±. Mus±v±d±d²na½ visa½v±dan±dikiccat±ya l³kh±na½ aparigg±hak±na½ paµipakkhabh±vato siniddhabh±vena sampayuttadhamm±na½ parigg±hakasabh±v± samm±v±c±ti ±ha “s± pariggahalakkhaº±”ti. K±yikakiriy± kiñci kattabba½ samuµµh±peti, sayañca samuµµhahana½ ghaµana½ hot²ti samm±kammantasaªkh±t± viratipi samuµµh±nasabh±v± vutt±. Sampayuttadhamm±na½ v± ukkhipana½ samuµµh±pana½ k±yikakiriy±ya bh±rukkhipana½ viya. Ass±ti yogino. Tasmi½ sati visujjhanato visuddhibh³t±. J²vam±nassa sattassa, sampayuttadhamm±na½ v± suddhi vod±na½, ±j²vasseva v± j²vitindriyavuttiy± ѱy±j²vassa abuddhapaµikuµµh±ya samm±j²vik±ya pavattihetut±ya ñ±y±j²vapavattiraso. Imassa hi pavattito paµµh±ya micch±j²vo na pavattat²ti. Sabb±kusalaviddha½sakopi samm±v±y±mo ujupaµipakkhadassanavasena kosajjasamucchedako vutto. Sa½kilesapakkhatopi tassa paggaºhana½ paggaho. K±y±d²su subh±di-±k±rupadh±raºavasena pavatt± subhasaññ±dipubbaªgam± akusalakkhandh± micch±sati, tass± viddha½sano micch±sativiniddhunano. Asammosoti sammosaviddha½sanato tappaµipakkho. ¾rammaºassa yath±sabh±vasallakkhaºa½ upaµµh±na½. “¾rakkhapaccupaµµh±n±”ti, “sat±rakkhena cetas±”ti (d². ni. 3.348) ca vacanato visesato sati kusalacittassa ±rakkh±ti ±ha “satiy± sa½rakkhiyam±nacittass±”ti. 563. Saccañ±ºass±ti sacc±ni ±rabbha pavattanakañ±ºassa, na paµivedhañ±ºa½ viya sakideva bujjhati, atha kho punappuna½ uppajjanato anu anu bodho anubodho, anussav±k±raparivitakkadiµµhinijjh±nakkhanti-anugato v± bodho anubodho, tadeva ñ±ºanti anubodhañ±ºa½. Na hi ta½ paccakkhato bujjhati, anussav±divasena pana kappanamukhena bujjhati. Kiccatoti parij±nan±dito. Ta½kiccakaraºeneva hi pariññeyy±d²ni viya t±nipi tassa p±kaµ±ni honti. Vivaµµ±nupassan±ya hi saªkh±rehi patil²yam±nam±nasassa uppajjam±na½ maggañ±ºa½ visaªkh±ra½ dukkhanissaraºa½ ±rammaºa½ katv± dukkha½ paricchindati, dukkhagatañca taºha½ pajahati, nirodhañca sacchikaroti phusati. ¾dicco viya pabh±ya samm±saªkapp±d²hi saha samuppanna½ ta½ magga½ bh±veti, na ca saªkh±re amuñcitv± pavattam±nena ñ±ºena eta½ sabba½ k±tu½ sakk± nimittapavattehi avuµµhitatt±. Tasm± et±ni kicc±ni karonta½ ta½ ñ±ºa½ dukkh±d²ni vibh±veti tattha sammohanivattanen±ti “catt±ripi sacc±ni paµivijjhat²”ti vutta½, ekapaµivedhen±ti adhipp±yo. Dukkhasamudayampi so passat²ti k±lantaradassana½ sandh±ya vuttanti ce? Na, “yo nu kho, ±vuso, dukkha½ passati, dukkhasamudayampi so passat²”ti-±din± (sa½. ni. 5.1100) ekadassino aññattayadassit±vic±raº±ya½ ta½s±dhanattha½ ±yasmat± gavampatittherena imassa suttassa ±n²tatt±, paccekañca saccesu dissam±nesu aññattayadassanassa yojitatt±. Aññath± anupubb±bhisamaye purimadiµµhassa pacch± adassanato samuday±didassino dukkh±didassit± na yojetabb± siy±. Yojit± ca s± “yo dukkhasamudaya½ passati, dukkhampi so passat²”ti-±din± (sa½. ni. 5.1100). Lokiya½ saccañ±ºa½. Tattha lokiyañ±ºe. Pariyuµµh±nasaªkh±to abhibhavo pariyuµµh±n±bhibhavo, tassa vasena. Suddhasaªkh±rapuñjamattadassanato sakk±yadiµµhipariyuµµh±na½ nivatteti. “Lokasamudaya½ kho, kacc±na, yath±bh³ta½ sammappaññ±ya passato y± loke natthit±, s± na hot²”ti (sa½. ni. 2.15) vacanato samudayadassana½ hetuphalapabandh±vicchedadassanato pariyuµµh±n±bhibhavavasena pavattam±na½ ucchedadiµµhi½ nivatteti. “Lokanirodha½ kho…pe… passato y± loke atthit±, s± na hot²”ti (sa½. ni. 2.15) vacanato nirodhadassana½ hetunirodh± phalanirodhadassanato sassatadiµµhi½ nivatteti. Attak±rassa paccakkhadassanato maggadassana½ “natthi attak±re, natthi parak±re, natthi purisak±re”ti-±dika½ (d². ni. 1.168) akiriyadiµµhi½ pajahati. “Natthi hetu, natthi paccayo satt±na½ sa½kiles±ya, ahet³ appaccay± satt± sa½kilissanti, natthi hetu…pe… visuddhiy±, ahet³ appaccay± satt± visujjhant²”ti-±dik± (d². ni. 1.168; ma. ni. 2.101, 227; sa½. ni. 3.212) ahetukadiµµhi ca idha akiriy±diµµhiggahaºeneva gahit±ti daµµhabb±. S±pi hi visuddhimaggadassanena pah²yat²ti. Dukkhe ñ±ºa½ samudayaphalassa dukkhassa addhuv±dibh±va½ passat²ti phale vippaµipatti½ nivatteti. Issaro loka½ pavatteti sajjeti nivatteti sa½harat²ti issarak±raºino vadanti. Padh±nato loko ±vi bhavati, tattheva ca patil²yat²ti padh±nak±raºino.
“K±lo karoti bh³t±ni, k±lo sa½harat² paj±;
k±lo sutte j±garati, k±lo hi duratikkamo”ti.–
K±lav±dino. Kaºµakassa tikhiºabh±vo viya, kapiµµhaphal±d²na½ parimaº¹alat± viya, migapakkhisar²sap±d²na½ vicittat± viya ca sabh±veneva loko sambhoti, vibhoti c±ti sabh±vav±dino. ¾di-saddena aº³hi loko pavattati, sabba½ pubbekatahetu, loko niyato acchejjasutt±vut±bhejjamaºisadiso, na ettha kassaci purisak±roti niyativ±dino.
“Yadicch±ya pavattanti, yadicch±ya nivattare;
yadicch±ya sukha½ dukkha½, tasm± y±dicchak² paj±”ti.–
Yadicch±v±dino, ye adhiccasamuppattiv±dinoti ca vuccanti. Evam±di-ak±raºav±dasaªgaho daµµhabbo. R±mudaka-±¼±r±d²na½ viya, ar³paloke nigaºµh±na½ viya ca lokath³pik±ya½ apavaggo mokkhoti gahaºa½ apavaggag±ho. ¾di-saddena padh±nassa appavatti, guºaviyuttassa attano sakattani avaµµh±na½, brahmun± salokat±, sam²pat±, sa½yogo, diµµhadhammanibb±nav±d±ti evam±d²na½ gahaºa½ daµµhabba½. Ettha ca padh±nassa appavatti mahat±dibh±vena apariº±mo, anabhibyatti v±. “Ahamañño, pakati aññ±”ti eva½ pavattapakatipurisantaraj±nanena attasukhadukkhamohesu avibh±gaggahaºe kira nivattite vuttanayena padh±na½ nappavattati, so vimokkhoti k±pil±. Guºaviyuttass±ti buddhisukhadukkha-icch±dosappayattadhamm±dhammasaªkh±rehi navahi attaguºehi viyuttass±ti kaº±damat±nus±rino. Salokat± brahmun± sam±nalokat±. Sam²pat± tassa sam²pappavattit±. Sa½yogo tena ek²bh±v³pagamana½. “Indriyatappanaputtamukhadassan±d²hi vin± apavaggo natth²”ti gahetv± tath± pavattana½ k±masukhallik±nuyogo. Anasanakesaluñcan±ditapacariy±ya naggas²lagos²lakukkuras²l±d²hi ca attaparit±panena mokkho hot²ti attakilamatho.
Sv±ya½ sabbo micch±g±ho saccañ±ºe sati patiµµha½ na labhat²ti vuttamevattha½ saªgaºhanto “loke lokappabhave”ti g±tham±h±ti.
ѱºakiccato vinicchayavaººan± niµµhit±.
564. Ses± sabbadhamm±ti ses± ek±s²ti lokiyadhamm±. Ajjhattikab±hiresu dv±dasasu ±yatanesu k±mabhavavibhavataºh±vasena dv±dasatik± chatti½sa taºh±vicarit±ni, khuddakavatthuvibhaªge v± ±gatanayena k±lavibh±ga½ an±masitv± vutt±ni. Tad±masane hi aµµhasata½ honti. Asammissanti ekakatt± kenaci asammissa½, kuto tadantogadhappabhedoti adhipp±yo. V²ma½siddhip±d±d²na½ bodhipakkhiy±na½ satipi kiccan±natte atthato ekatt± samm±diµµhiy± saªgahoti samm±diµµhimukhena tadantogadhat± vutt±. Tayo nekkhammavitakk±dayoti lokiyakkhaºe alobhamett±karuº±sampayogavasena bhinn±, maggakkhaºe lobhaby±p±davihi½s±samucchedanavasena tayoti ekopi vutto. Esa nayo samm±v±c±d²su. Appicchat±santuµµhit±na½ pana bh±ve samm±-±j²vasambhavato tena tesa½ saªgaho daµµhabbo. Bhavantarepi j²vitahetupi ariyehi av²tikkaman²yatt± ariyakant±na½ samm±v±c±dis²l±na½ gahaºena yena saddh±hatthena t±ni gahetabb±ni, so saddh±hattho gahito eva hot²ti tato anaññ±ni saddhindriyasaddh±bal±ni tattha antogadh±ni vutt±ni. Chando pana saddh±nuguºoti katv± chandiddhip±dass±pi tadantogadhat± vutt±. Tesa½ atthit±y±ti saddhindriyasaddh±balachandiddhip±d±na½ atthit±ya s²lassa atthibh±vato tividhen±pi s²lena te tayopi gahit±ti tattha antogadh±. Cittasam±dh²ti cittiddhip±da½ vadati. “Citta½ paññañca bh±vayan”ti (sa½. ni. 1.23, 192; peµako. 22; mi. pa. 2.1.9) hi cittamukhena sam±dhi vuttoti sam±dhimukhena cittampi vattabbata½ arahati. Cittiddhip±dabh±van±ya pana sam±dhipi adhimatto hot²ti v²ma½siddhip±d±divacana½ viya cittiddhip±doti avatv± idha “cittasam±dh²”ti vutta½. “P²timanassa k±yo passambhati, passaddhak±yo sukha½ vedeti, sukhino citta½ sam±dhiyat²”ti (d². ni. 1.466; 3.359; sa½. ni. 5.376; a. ni. 3.96; 11.12) vacanato sam±dhi-upak±r± p²tipassaddhiyo, tasm± sam±dhiggahaºena gahit±. Upekkh± pana sam±dhi-upak±rakato, ta½sadisakiccato ca. Tasm± sam±dhis²sena etesa½ antogadhat± daµµhabb±.
Antogadh±na½ pabhedavinicchayavaººan± niµµhit±.
565. Bh±ro viya dukkhasacca½ vigh±takatt±, sa½haraº²yavasena vihantabh±vatoti attho. Bh±r±d±namiva tattha tattha bhave uppajjanakavigh±tassa hetubh±vato. Bh±ranikkhepanamiva pavattidukkhav³pasamabh±vato Rogo viya, dubbhikkhamiva ca b±dhakatt±. Roganid±na½ viya, dubbuµµhi viya ca pabhavalakkhaºatt±. Dubbuµµh²ti ca avassana½ v± ativassana½ v±. Rogav³pasamo viya, subhikkhamiva ca santilakkhaºatt±, sukhabh±vato. “Nibb±na½ parama½ sukhan”ti (dha. pa. 203-204) hi vutta½. Bhesajjamiva, suvuµµhi viya ca dukkhassa hetupacchedato, tassa ca apagam³p±yabh±vato. Niyy±nalakkhaºañhi maggasacca½. Aniµµhabh±vato, s±saªkasappaµibhayato ca dukkha½ verivisarukkhabhaya-orimat²r³pama½. Vera½ by±p±do, paccatthikabh±vo v±. Verasamuggh±to verav³pasamo mett±. Verasamuggh±tup±yo saªgahavatth³ni.
Upam±to vinicchayavaººan± niµµhit±.
566. Esa nayo samuday±d²s³ti atthi cettha samudayo, na ariyasacca½, atthi ariyasacca½, na samudayo, atthi samudayo ceva ariyasaccañca, atthi neva samudayo na ariyasaccanti. Sesasaccadvayepi eseva nayo. Na ariyasacca½ pariññeyyapah±tabb±saªkhataniyy±nabh±v±bh±vato. Itara½ pana ariyasaccadvayanti samudayamaggasaccadvayam±ha. Siy± dukkha½ saªkh±radukkhat±ya. Ten±ha “aniccato”ti. Tathatten±ti tathasabh±vena, pariññeyyabh±ven±ti attho. Etena ta½ ariyasaccadvaya½ “siy± dukkha½, na ariyasacca½, siy± ariyasacca½, na dukkhan”ti imamattha½ dasseti. Ariyasaccasaddapar± hi dukkh±disadd± pariññeyy±dibh±va½ vadanti. Teneva ariyasaccasadd±napekkha½ dukkhasadda½ sandh±ya maggasampayuttas±maññaphaladhamm±na½ ±dipadasaªgaho vutto, ariyasaccasadd±pekkha½ pana sandh±ya catutthapadasaªgaho. Sabb±k±ren±ti sabbappak±rena. Yath± maggasampayuttadhamm±dayo ekaªgavikal±, eva½ ahutv± sabbaªgayogena dukkhat±ya ceva ariyasaccat±ya c±ti attho. “Up±d±nakkhandhapañcakan”ti vutte taºh±yapi saªgaho siy±ti ta½nivattanattha½ “aññatra taºh±y±”ti vutta½ tass± visu½ ariyasaccabh±vato. Samuday±d²su avasesakiles±dayo pabhavaµµhena samudayo, na ariyasacca½ suttantasa½vaººan± ayanti katv± Nirodho ariyasacca½, na samudayo. Itara½ pana ariyasaccadvaya½ siy± samudayo attano phalassa paccayaµµhena, na pana yassa pah±n±ya bhagavati brahmacariya½ vussati tathattena, sabb±k±rena pana taºh±samudayo ceva ariyasaccañca. Maggasampayuttadhamm±, s±maññaphal±ni ca yassa pah±n±ya bhagavati brahmacariya½ vussati tathattena neva samudayo, na ariyasacca½. Saªkh±ranirodho, nirodhasam±patti ca nirodho, na ariyasacca½. Samudayo ariyasacca½, na nirodho. Itara½ pana ariyasaccadvaya½ siy± nirodho khaºanirodhasabbh±vato, na pana yassa sacchikiriy±ya bhagavati brahmacariya½ vussati tathattena. Sabb±k±rena pana asaªkhat± dh±tu nirodho ceva ariyasaccañca. Sesa½ vuttanayameva. Ariyamaggato aññ±ni magg±ni maggo, na ariyasacca½. Nirodho ariyasacca½, na maggo. Itara½ pana saccadvaya½ siy± maggo bhavag±minipaµipad±bh±vato, na pana yassa bh±van±ya bhagavati brahmacariya½ vussati tathattena, sabb±k±rena pana nirodhag±minipaµipad± maggo ceva ariyasaccañca. Sesa½ vuttanayameva.
Catukkato vinicchayavaººan± niµµhit±.
567. Suññ±n²ti vedak±d²hi b±hirakaparikappiteh²ti adhipp±yo. Dukkhañhi vedan²yampi santa½ vedakarahita½, kevala½ pana tasmi½ attano paccayehi pavattam±ne dukkha½ vedet²ti voh±ramatta½ hoti. Esa nayo itaresupi. “Dukkhamev±”ti avadh±raºena nivattitamattha½ dassetu½ “na koci dukkhito”ti vutta½. Kiriy±va vijjat²ti samudayasacca½ sandh±ya vadati. Purimasaccadvayassa vip±kavaµµakammavaµµasaªgahato k±rakassa v± dukkhasaccasabh±vam±ha. K±tabb±pi hi kiriy± k±rakarahit± kevala½ attano paccayehi t±ya pavattam±n±ya dukkhasaññite dhammappabandhe kiriya½ karot²ti voh±ramatta½ hoti. Nibbutagamakesupi eseva nayo. “Maggo atth²”ti vattabbe “maggamatth²”ti ok±rassa abh±vo katoti daµµhabba½. Gamakoti nibbuti½ gant±. Kiles±sucipaggharaºaµµhena s±savat± asubhat±ti katv± an±savatt± nirodhamagg± subh± eva. Dukkh±d²na½ pariy±yena samuday±dibh±vo ca atthi na pana nirodhabh±vo, nirodhassa v± na dukkh±dibh±voti nirodh±vasesattay±na½ na aññamaññasamaªgit±ti ±ha “nirodhasuññ±ni v±”ti-±di. Samudaye dukkhass±bh±vatoti ponobhavik±ya taºh±ya punabbhavassa abh±vato. Yath± v± pakativ±d²na½ vik±r± avik±ribh±vato, pubbe patipal²n± ca pakatibh±veneva tiµµhanti, na eva½ samudayasampayuttampi dukkha½ samudayabh±vena tiµµhat²ti ±ha “samudaye dukkhass±bh±vato”ti Magge ca nirodhassa abh±vatoti sambandho. Yath± avibhattehi vik±rehi mah±haªk±ratammattavisesindriyabh³tavisesehi pakatibh±veneva µhitehi pakati sagabbh± icchit± pakativ±d²hi, eva½ na phalena sagabbho het³ti attho. “Dukkhasamuday±na½ nirodhamagg±nañca asamav±y±”ti eta½ vivaranto ±ha “na hetusamaveta½ hetuphalan”ti-±di. Tattha “idha tant³su paµo, kap±lesu ghaµo, b²raºesu kaµo dv²su aº³su dvi-aºukan”ti-±din± idha vuddhivoh±rajanako avisu½ siddh±na½ sambandho samav±yo, tena samav±yena k±raºesu dv²su aº³su dvi-aºuka½ phala½ samaveta½ ek²bh³tamiva sambaddha½, t²su aº³su ti-aºukanti eva½ mah±pathav²mah±-udakamah±-aggimah±v±takkhandhapariyanta½ phala½ attano k±raºesu samavetanti samav±yav±dino vadanti. Eva½ pana vadantehi aparim±ºesu k±raºesu mah±parim±ºa½ eka½ phala½ samaveta½ attano antogadhehi k±raºehi sagabbha½ asuññanti vutta½ hoti. Evamidha samav±y±bh±v± phale hetu natth²ti hetusuñña½ phalanti attho.
Suññato vinicchayavaººan± niµµhit±.
Iti magganiddesakath±vaººan±.