17. Paññ±bh³miniddeso

Paµiccasamupp±dakath±

570. Id±ni “khandh±yatanadh±tu-indriyasaccapaµiccasamupp±d±dibhed± dhamm± bh³m²”ti eva½ vuttesu imiss± paññ±ya bh³mibh³tesu dhammesu yasm± paµiccasamupp±doceva, ±disaddena saªgahit± paµiccasamuppann± dhamm± ca avases± honti, tasm± tesa½ vaººan±kkamo anuppatto.

Tattha avijj±dayo t±va dhamm± paµiccasamupp±doti veditabb±. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do? Avijj±paccay±, bhikkhave, saªkh±r±, saªkh±rapaccay± viññ±ºa½, viññ±ºapaccay± n±mar³pa½, n±mar³papaccay± sa¼±yatana½, sa¼±yatanapaccay± phasso, phassapaccay± vedan±, vedan±paccay± taºh±, taºh±paccay± up±d±na½, up±d±napaccay± bhavo, bhavapaccay± j±ti, j±tipaccay± jar±maraºa½ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassup±y±s± sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do”ti (sa½. ni. 2.1).

Jar±maraº±dayo pana paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±ti veditabb±. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Katame ca, bhikkhave, paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±? Jar±maraºa½, bhikkhave, anicca½ saªkhata½ paµiccasamuppanna½ khayadhamma½ vayadhamma½ vir±gadhamma½ nirodhadhamma½. J±ti, bhikkhave…pe… bhavo… up±d±na½… taºh±… vedan±… phasso… sa¼±yatana½… n±mar³pa½… viññ±ºa½… saªkh±r±… avijj±, bhikkhave, anicc± saªkhat± paµiccasamuppann± khayadhamm± vayadhamm± vir±gadhamm± nirodhadhamm±. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±”ti (sa½. ni. 2.20).

571. Aya½ panettha saªkhepo. Paµiccasamupp±doti paccayadhamm± veditabb±. Paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±ti tehi tehi paccayehi nibbattadhamm±. Kathamida½ j±nitabbanti ce? Bhagavato vacanena. Bhagavat± hi paµiccasamupp±dapaµiccasamuppannadhammadesan±sutte–

“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do? J±tipaccay±, bhikkhave, jar±maraºa½, upp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ anupp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ µhit±va s± dh±tu dhammaµµhitat± dhammaniy±mat± idappaccayat±. Ta½ tath±gato abhisambujjhati abhisameti, abhisambujjhitv± abhisametv± ±cikkhati deseti paññapeti paµµhapeti vivarati vibhajati utt±n²karoti, passath±ti c±ha. J±tipaccay±, bhikkhave, jar±maraºa½. Bhavapaccay±, bhikkhave, j±ti…pe… avijj±paccay±, bhikkhave, saªkh±r± upp±d± v± tath±gat±na½…pe… utt±n²karoti passath±ti c±ha. Avijj±paccay±, bhikkhave, saªkh±r±. Iti kho, bhikkhave, y± tatra tathat± avitathat± anaññathat± idappaccayat±. Aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do”ti (sa½. ni. 2.20).

572. Eva½ paµiccasamupp±da½ desentena tathat±d²hi vevacanehi paccayadhamm±va paµiccasamupp±doti vutt±. Tasm± jar±maraº±d²na½ dhamm±na½ paccayalakkhaºo paµiccasamupp±do, dukkh±nubandhanaraso, kummaggapaccupaµµh±noti veditabbo.

So pan±ya½ tehi tehi paccayehi an³n±dhikeheva tassa tassa dhammassa sambhavato tathat±ti, s±maggi½ upagatesu paccayesu muhuttampi tato nibbattadhamm±na½ asambhav±bh±vato avitathat±ti, aññadhammapaccayehi aññadhamm±nuppattito anaññathat±ti, yath±vutt±na½ etesa½ jar±maraº±d²na½ paccayato v± paccayasam³hato v± idappaccayat±ti vutto.

573. Tatr±ya½ vacanattho, imesa½ paccay± idappaccay±. Idappaccay± eva idappaccayat±. Idappaccay±na½ v± sam³ho idappaccayat±. Lakkhaºa½ panettha saddasatthato pariyesitabba½.

574. Keci pana paµicca samm± ca titthiyaparikappitapakatipuris±dik±raºanirapekkho upp±do paµiccasamupp±doti eva½ upp±damatta½ paµiccasamupp±doti vadanti ta½ na yujjati. Kasm±? Sutt±bh±vato, suttavirodhato, gambh²ranay±sambhavato, saddabhedato ca. “Upp±damatta½ paµiccasamupp±do”ti hi sutta½ natthi. Ta½ “paµiccasamupp±do”ti ca vadantassa padesavih±rasuttavirodho ±pajjati. Katha½? Bhagavato hi “atha kho bhagav± rattiy± paµhama½ y±ma½ paµiccasamupp±da½ anulomapaµiloma½ manas±k±s²”ti (mah±va. 1) ±divacanato paµiccasamupp±damanasik±ro paµham±bhisambuddhavih±ro, padesavih±ro ca tassekadesavih±ro. Yath±ha “yena sv±ha½, bhikkhave, vih±rena paµham±bhisambuddho vihar±mi, tassa padesena vih±sin”ti (sa½. ni. 5.11). Tatra ca paccay±k±radassanena vih±si, na upp±damattadassanen±ti. Yath±ha “so eva½ paj±n±mi micch±diµµhipaccay±pi vedayita½ samm±diµµhipaccay±pi vedayita½ micch±saªkappapaccay±pi vedayitan”ti (sa½. ni. 5.11) sabba½ vitth±retabba½. Eva½ upp±damatta½ “paµiccasamupp±do”ti vadantassa padesavih±rasuttavirodho ±pajjati. Tath± kacc±nasuttavirodho.

Kacc±nasuttepi hi “lokasamudaya½ kho, kacc±na, yath±bh³ta½ sammappaññ±ya passato y± loke natthit±, s± na hot²”ti (sa½. ni. 2.15) anulomapaµiccasamupp±do lokapaccayato “lokasamudayo”ti ucchedadiµµhisamuggh±tattha½ pak±sito, na upp±damatta½. Na hi upp±damattadassanena ucchedadiµµhiy± samuggh±to hoti. Paccay±nuparamadassanena pana hoti. Paccay±nuparame phal±nuparamatoti. Eva½ upp±damatta½ “paµiccasamupp±do”ti vadantassa kacc±nasuttavirodhopi ±pajjati.

Gambh²ranay±sambhavatoti vutta½ kho paneta½ bhagavat± “gambh²ro c±ya½, ±nanda, paµiccasamupp±do gambh²r±vabh±so c±”ti (d². ni. 2.95; sa½. ni. 2.60). Gambh²rattañca n±ma catubbidha½, ta½ parato vaººayiss±ma. Ta½ upp±damatte natthi. Catubbidhanayapaµimaº¹itañceta½ paµiccasamupp±da½ vaººayanti, tampi nayacatukka½ upp±damatte natth²ti gambh²ranay±sambhavatopi na upp±damatta½ paµiccasamupp±do.

575. Saddabhedatoti paµiccasaddo ca pan±ya½ sam±ne kattari pubbak±le payujjam±no atthasiddhikaro hoti. Seyyathida½, “cakkhuñca paµicca r³pe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññ±ºan”ti (sa½. ni. 2.43). Idha pana bh±vas±dhanena upp±dasaddena saddhi½ payujjam±no sam±nassa kattu abh±vato saddabheda½ gacchati, na ca kiñci attha½ s±dhet²ti saddabhedatopi na upp±damatta½ paµiccasamupp±doti.

Tattha siy±– “hoti-saddena saddhi½ yojayiss±ma ‘paµiccasamupp±do hot²’ti”, ta½ na yutta½. Kasm±? Yog±bh±vato ceva, upp±dassa ca upp±dapattidosato. “Paµiccasamupp±da½ vo, bhikkhave, desess±mi. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do…pe… aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do”ti (sa½. ni. 2.1). Imesu hi padesu ekenapi saddhi½ hoti-saddo yoga½ na gacchati, na ca upp±do hoti. Sace bhaveyya, upp±dass±pi upp±do p±puºeyy±ti.

576. Yepi maññanti “idappaccay±na½ bh±vo idappaccayat±, bh±vo ca n±ma yo ±k±ro avijj±d²na½ saªkh±r±dip±tubh±ve hetu, so. Tasmiñca saªkh±ravik±re paµiccasamupp±dasaññ±”ti, tesa½ ta½ na yujjati. Kasm±? Avijj±d²na½ hetuvacanato. Bhagavat± hi “tasm±tiha, ±nanda, eseva hetu, eta½ nid±na½, esa samudayo, esa paccayo jar±maraºassa yadida½ j±ti…pe… saªkh±r±na½, yadida½ avijj±”ti (d². ni. 2.98 ±dayo) eva½ avijj±dayova het³ti vutt±, na tesa½ vik±ro. Tasm± “paµiccasamupp±doti paccayadhamm± veditabb±”ti iti ya½ ta½ vutta½, ta½ samm± vuttanti veditabba½.

577. Y± panettha “paµiccasamupp±do”ti im±ya byañjanacch±y±ya upp±doyev±ya½ vuttoti saññ± uppajjati, s± imassa padassa evamattha½ gahetv± v³pasametabb±. Bhagavat± hi,

Dvedh± tato pavatte, dhammasam³he yato ida½ vacana½;
tappaccayo tatoya½, phalopac±rena iti vutto.

Yo hi aya½ paccayat±ya pavatto dhammasam³ho, tattha paµiccasamupp±doti ida½ vacana½ dvidh± icchanti. So hi yasm± pat²yam±no hit±ya sukh±ya ca sa½vattati, tasm± paccetumarahanti na½ paº¹it±ti paµicco. Uppajjam±no ca saha samm± ca uppajjati, na ekekato, n±pi ahetutoti samupp±do. Eva½ paµicco ca so samupp±do c±ti paµiccasamupp±do Apica saha uppajjat²ti samupp±do, paccayas±maggi½ pana paµicca apaccakkh±y±ti evampi paµiccasamupp±do. Tassa c±ya½ hetusam³ho paccayoti tappaccayatt± ayampi, yath± loke semhassa paccayo gu¼o semho gu¼oti vuccati, yath± ca s±sane sukhappaccayo buddh±na½ upp±do “sukho buddh±na½ upp±do”ti vuccati, tath± paµiccasamupp±do icceva phalavoh±rena vuttoti veditabbo.

578. Atha v±,

Paµimukhamitoti vutto, hetusam³ho aya½ paµiccoti;
sahite upp±deti ca, iti vutto so samupp±do.

Yo hi esa saªkh±r±d²na½ p±tubh±v±ya avijj±di-ekekahetus²sena niddiµµho hetusam³ho, so s±dh±raºaphalanipph±dakaµµhena avekallaµµhena ca s±maggi-aªg±na½ aññamaññena paµimukha½ ito gatoti katv± paµiccoti vuccati. Sv±ya½ sahiteyeva aññamañña½ avinibbhogavuttidhamme upp±det²ti samupp±dotipi vutto. Evampi paµicco ca so samupp±do c±ti paµiccasamupp±do.

579. Aparo nayo–

Paccayat± aññoñña½, paµicca yasm± sama½ saha ca dhamme;
ayamupp±deti tatopi, evamidha bh±sit± munin±.

Avijj±dis²sena niddiµµhapaccayesu hi ye paccay± ya½ saªkh±r±dika½ dhamma½ upp±denti, na te aññamañña½ apaµicca aññamaññavekalle sati upp±detu½ samatth±ti. Tasm± paµicca sama½ saha ca na ekekadesa½, n±pi pubb±parabh±vena aya½ paccayat± dhamme upp±det²ti atth±nus±ravoh±rakusalena munin± evamidha bh±sit±, paµiccasamupp±dotveva bh±sit±ti attho.

580. Eva½ bh±sam±nena ca,

Purimena sassat±d²na, mabh±vo pacchimena ca padena;
ucched±divigh±to, dvayena parid²pito ñ±yo.

Purimen±ti paccayas±maggiparid²pakena paµiccapadena pavattidhamm±na½ paccayas±maggiya½ ±yattavuttitt± sassat±hetuvisamahetuvasavattiv±dappabhed±na½ sassat±d²na½ abh±vo parid²pito hoti? Ki½ hi sassat±na½, ahetu-±divasena v± pavatt±na½ paccayas±maggiy±ti? Pacchimena ca paden±ti dhamm±na½ upp±daparid²pakena samupp±dapadena paccayas±maggiya½ dhamm±na½ uppattito vihat± ucchedanatthika-akiriyav±d±ti ucched±divigh±to parid²pito hoti. Purimapurimapaccayavasena hi punappuna½ uppajjam±nesu dhammesu kuto ucchedo, natthik±kiriyav±d± c±ti. Dvayen±ti sakalena paµiccasamupp±davacanena tass± tass± paccayas±maggiy± santati½ avicchinditv± tesa½ tesa½ dhamm±na½ sambhavato majjhim± paµipad±, “so karoti so paµisa½vedeti, añño karoti añño paµisa½vedet²”ti v±dappah±na½, janapadaniruttiy± anabhiniveso, samaññ±ya anatidh±vananti aya½ ñ±yo parid²pito hot²ti aya½ t±va paµiccasamupp±doti vacanamattassa attho.

581. Y± pan±ya½ bhagavat± paµiccasamupp±da½ desentena “avijj±paccay± saªkh±r±”ti-±din± nayena nikkhitt± tanti, tass± atthasa½vaººana½ karontena vibhajjav±dimaº¹ala½ otaritv± ±cariye anabbh±cikkhantena sakasamaya½ avokkamantena parasamaya½ an±y³hantena sutta½ appaµib±hantena vinaya½ anulomentena mah±padese olokentena dhamma½ d²pentena attha½ saªg±hentena tamevattha½ punar±vattetv± aparehipi pariy±yantarehi niddisantena ca yasm± atthasa½vaººan± k±tabb± hoti, pakatiy±pi ca dukkar±va paµiccasamupp±dassa atthasa½vaººan±. Yath±hu por±º±–