Saccavitth±rakath±

529. Tadanantar±ni pana sacc±n²ti catt±ri ariyasacc±ni– dukkha½ ariyasacca½, dukkhasamudayo ariyasacca½, dukkhanirodho ariyasacca½, dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasaccanti. Tattha–

Vibh±gato nibbacana, lakkhaº±dippabhedato;
atthatthuddh±rato ceva, an³n±dhikato tath±.
Kamato j±ti-±d²na½, nicchay± ñ±ºakiccato;
antogadh±na½ pabhed±, upam±to catukkato.
Suññatekavidh±d²hi, sabh±gavisabh±gato;
vinicchayo veditabbo, viññun± s±sanakkame.

Tattha vibh±gatoti dukkh±d²na½ hi catt±ro catt±ro atth± vibhatt± tath± avitath± anaññath±, ye dukkh±d²ni abhisamentehi abhisametabb±. Yath±ha– “dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho, ime catt±ro dukkhassa dukkhaµµh± tath± avitath± anaññath±. Samudayassa ±y³hanaµµho nid±naµµho sa½yogaµµho palibodhaµµho. Nirodhassa nissaraºaµµho vivekaµµho asaªkhataµµho amataµµho. Maggassa niyy±naµµho hetuµµho dassanaµµho adhipateyyaµµho. Ime catt±ro maggassa maggaµµh± tath± avitath± anaññath±”ti (paµi. ma. 2.8). Tath± “dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho abhisamayaµµho”ti (paµi. ma. 2.11) evam±di. Iti eva½ vibhatt±na½ catunna½ catunna½ atth±na½ vasena dukkh±d²ni veditabb±n²ti. Aya½ t±vettha vibh±gato vinicchayo.

530. Nibbacanalakkhaº±dippabhedatoti ettha pana nibbacanato t±va idha du-iti aya½ saddo kucchite dissati. Kucchita½ hi putta½ dupputtoti vadanti. Kha½-saddo pana tucche. Tuccha½ hi ±k±sa½ “khan”ti vuccati. Idañca paµhamasacca½ kucchita½ aneka-upaddav±dhiµµh±nato. Tuccha½ b±lajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabh±vavirahitato. Tasm± kucchitatt± tucchatt± ca dukkhanti vuccati.

Sa½-iti ca aya½ saddo “sam±gamo sametan”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.396; vibha. 199) sa½yoga½ d²peti. U-iti aya½ “uppanna½ uditan”ti-±d²su (dha. sa. 1; mah±va. 84) uppatti½. Aya-saddo k±raºa½ d²peti. Idañc±pi dutiyasacca½ avasesapaccayasam±yoge sati dukkhassuppattik±raºa½. Iti dukkhassa sa½yoge uppattik±raºatt± dukkhasamudayanti vuccati.

Tatiyasacca½ pana yasm± ni-saddo abh±va½, rodha-saddo ca c±raka½ d²peti. Tasm± abh±vo ettha sa½s±rac±rakasaªkh±tassa dukkharodhassa sabbagatisuññatt±, samadhigate v± tasmi½ sa½s±rac±rakasaªkh±tassa dukkharodhassa abh±vo hoti, tappaµipakkhatt±tipi dukkhanirodhanti vuccati. Dukkhassa v± anupp±danirodhapaccayatt± dukkhanirodhanti.

Catutthasacca½ pana yasm± eta½ dukkhanirodha½ gacchati ±rammaºavasena tadabhimukhabh³tatt±, paµipad± ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiy±. Tasm± dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad±ti vuccati.

531. Yasm± panet±ni buddh±dayo ariy± paµivijjhanti, tasm± ariyasacc±n²ti vuccanti. Yath±ha “catt±rim±ni, bhikkhave, ariyasacc±ni. Katam±ni…pe… im±ni kho, bhikkhave, catt±ri ariyasacc±ni. Ariy± im±ni paµivijjhanti, tasm± ariyasacc±n²ti vuccant²”ti. Apica ariyassa sacc±n²tipi ariyasacc±ni. Yath±ha “sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… manuss±ya tath±gato ariyo, tasm± ariyasacc±n²ti vuccant²”ti (sa½. ni. 5.1098). Atha v± etesa½ abhisambuddhatt± ariyabh±vasiddhitopi ariyasacc±ni. Yath±ha– “imesa½ kho, bhikkhave, catunna½ ariyasacc±na½ yath±bh³ta½ abhisambuddhatt± tath±gato araha½ samm±sambuddho ariyoti vuccat²”ti. Apica kho pana ariy±ni sacc±n²tipi ariyasacc±ni. Ariy±n²ti tath±ni avitath±ni avisa½v±dak±n²ti attho. Yath±ha– “im±ni kho, bhikkhave, catt±ri ariyasacc±ni tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni, tasm± ariyasacc±n²ti vuccant²”ti (sa½. ni. 5.1097) evamettha nibbacanato vinicchayo veditabbo.

532. Katha½ lakkhaº±dippabhedato? Ettha hi b±dhanalakkhaºa½ dukkhasacca½, sant±panarasa½, pavattipaccupaµµh±na½. Pabhavalakkhaºa½ samudayasacca½, anupacchedakaraºarasa½, palibodhapaccupaµµh±na½. Santilakkhaºa½ nirodhasacca½, accutirasa½, animittapaccupaµµh±na½. Niyy±nalakkhaºa½ maggasacca½, kilesappah±narasa½, vuµµh±napaccupaµµh±na½. Apica pavattipavattananivattinivattanalakkhaº±ni paµip±µiy±. Tath± saªkhatataºh± asaªkhatadassanalakkhaº±ni c±ti evamettha lakkhaº±dippabhedato vinicchayo veditabbo.

533. Atthatthuddh±rato cev±ti ettha pana atthato t±va ko saccaµµhoti ce? Yo paññ±cakkhun± upaparikkham±n±na½ m±y±va vipar²to, mar²civa visa½v±dako, titthiy±na½ att±va anupalabbhasabh±vo ca na hoti, atha kho b±dhanappabhavasantiniyy±nappak±rena tacch±vipar²tabh³tabh±vena ariyañ±ºassa gocaro hotiyeva. Esa aggilakkhaºa½ viya, lokapakati viya ca tacch±vipar²tabh³tabh±vo saccaµµhoti veditabbo. Yath±ha– “ida½ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, tathameta½ avitathameta½ anaññathametan”ti (sa½. ni. 5.1090) vitth±ro. Apica–

N±b±dhaka½ yato dukkha½, dukkh± añña½ na b±dhaka½;
b±dhakattaniy±mena, tato saccamida½ mata½.
Ta½ vin± n±ññato dukkha½, na hoti na ca ta½ tato;
dukkhahetuniy±mena, iti sacca½ visattik±.
N±ññ± nibb±nato santi, santa½ na ca na ta½ yato;
santabh±vaniy±mena, tato saccamida½ mata½.
Magg± añña½ na niyy±na½, aniyy±no na c±pi so;
tacchaniyy±nabh±vatt±, iti so saccasammato.
Iti tacch±vipall±sa, bh³tabh±va½ cat³svapi;
dukkh±d²svavisesena, saccaµµha½ ±hu paº¹it±ti.

Eva½ atthato vinicchayo veditabbo.

534. Katha½ atthuddh±rato? Idh±ya½ sacca-saddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathida½– “sacca½ bhaºe na kujjheyy±”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 224) v±c±sacce. “Sacce µhit± samaºabr±hmaº± c±”ti-±d²su (j±. 2.21.433) viratisacce. “Kasm± nu sacc±ni vadanti n±n± pav±diy±se kusal±vad±n±”ti-±d²su (su. ni. 891) diµµhisacce. “Eka½ hi sacca½ na dutiyan”ti-±d²su (su. ni. 890) paramatthasacce nibb±ne ceva magge ca. “Catunna½ ariyasacc±na½ kati kusal±”ti-±d²su (vibha. 216) ariyasacce. Sv±yamidh±pi ariyasacce vattat²ti evamettha atthuddh±ratopi vinicchayo veditabbo.

535. An³n±dhikatoti kasm± pana catt±reva ariyasacc±ni vutt±ni an³n±ni anadhik±n²ti ce? Aññass±sambhavato aññatarassa ca apaneyy±bh±vato. Na hi etehi añña½ adhika½ v±, etesa½ v± ekampi apanetabba½ sambhoti. Yath±ha– “idha, bhikkhave, ±gaccheyya samaºo v± br±hmaºo v± ‘neta½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½, añña½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½. Ahameta½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½ µhapetv± añña½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½ paññapess±m²’ti neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²”ti-±di. Yath± c±ha– “yo hi koci, bhikkhave, samaºo v± br±hmaºo v± eva½ vadeyya ‘neta½ dukkha½ paµhama½ ariyasacca½ ya½ samaºena gotamena desita½, ahameta½ dukkha½ paµhama½ ariyasacca½ paccakkh±ya añña½ dukkha½ paµhama½ ariyasacca½ paññapess±m²’ti neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²”ti-±di (sa½. ni. 5.1086).

Apica pavattim±cikkhanto bhagav± sahetuka½ ±cikkhi, nivattiñca sa-up±ya½. Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahet³na½ etaparamato catt±reva vutt±ni. Tath± pariññeyyapah±tabbasacchik±tabbabh±vetabb±na½, taºh±vatthutaºh±taºh±nirodhataºh±nirodhup±y±na½, ±laya-±lay±r±mat±-±layasamuggh±ta-±layasamuggh±tup±y±nañca vasen±pi catt±reva vutt±n²ti evamettha an³n±dhikato vinicchayo veditabbo.

536. Kamatoti ayampi desan±kkamova. Ettha ca o¼±rikatt±, sabbasattas±dh±raºatt± ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasacca½ paµhama½ vutta½. Tasseva hetudassanattha½ tadanantara½ samudayasacca½. Hetunirodh± phalanirodhoti ñ±panattha½ tato nirodhasacca½. Tadadhigamup±yadassanattha½ ante maggasacca½. Bhavasukhass±dagadhit±na½ v± satt±na½ sa½vegajananattha½ paµhama½ dukkham±ha. Ta½ neva akata½ ±gacchati na issaranimm±n±dito hoti, ito pana hot²ti ñ±panattha½ tadanantara½ samudaya½. Tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibh³tatt± sa½viggam±nas±na½ dukkhanissaraºagaves²na½ nissaraºadassanena ass±sajananattha½ nirodha½. Tato nirodh±dhigamattha½ nirodhasamp±paka½ magganti evamettha kamato vinicchayo veditabbo.

537. J±ti-±d²na½ nicchay±ti ye te ariyasacc±ni niddisantena bhagavat± “j±tipi dukkh±, jar±pi dukkh±, maraºampi dukkha½, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassup±y±s±pi dukkh±, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampiccha½ na labhati tampi dukkha½, sa½khittena pañcup±d±nakkhandh± dukkh±”ti (vibha. 190) dukkhaniddese dv±dasa dhamm±, “y±ya½ taºh± ponobbhavik± nand²r±gasahagat± tatratatr±bhinandin². Seyyathida½, k±mataºh±, bhavataºh±, vibhavataºh±”ti (vibha. 203) samudayaniddese tividh± taºh±, “yo tass±yeva taºh±ya asesavir±ganirodho c±go paµinissaggo mutti an±layo”ti (vibha. 204) eva½ nirodhaniddese atthato ekameva nibb±na½, “katama½ dukkhanirodhag±min²paµipad± ariyasacca½, ayameva ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo. Seyyathida½– samm±diµµhi…pe… samm±sam±dh²”ti (vibha. 205) eva½ magganiddese aµµha dhamm±ti iti catunna½ sacc±na½ niddese j±ti-±dayo dhamm± vutt±, tesa½ j±ti-±d²na½ nicchay±pi ettha vinicchayo veditabbo.