R³pakkhandhakath±

432. Tattha ya½ kiñci s²t±d²hi ruppanalakkhaºa½ dhammaj±ta½, sabba½ ta½ ekato katv± r³pakkhandhoti veditabba½.

Tadeta½ ruppanalakkhaºena ekavidhampi bh³top±d±yabhedato duvidha½.

Tattha bh³tar³pa½ catubbidha½– pathav²dh±tu ±podh±tu tejodh±tu v±yodh±t³ti. T±sa½ lakkhaºarasapaccupaµµh±n±ni catudh±tuvavatth±ne vutt±ni. Padaµµh±nato pana t± sabb±pi avasesadh±tuttayapadaµµh±n±.

Up±d±r³pa½ catuv²satividha½– cakkhu, sota½, gh±na½, jivh±, k±yo, r³pa½, saddo, gandho, raso, itthindriya½, purisindriya½, j²vitindriya½, hadayavatthu, k±yaviññatti, vac²viññatti, ±k±sadh±tu, r³passa lahut±, r³passa mudut± r³passa kammaññat±, r³passa upacayo, r³passa santati, r³passa jarat±, r³passa aniccat±, kaba¼²k±ro ±h±roti.

433. Tattha r³p±bhigh±t±rahatappas±dalakkhaºa½ daµµhuk±mat±nid±nakammasamuµµh±nabh³tappas±dalakkhaºa½ v± cakkhu, r³pesu ±viñchanarasa½, cakkhuviññ±ºassa ±dh±rabh±vapaccupaµµh±na½, daµµhuk±mat±nid±nakammajabh³tapadaµµh±na½.

Sadd±bhigh±t±rahabh³tappas±dalakkhaºa½, sotuk±mat±nid±nakammasamuµµh±nabh³tappas±dalakkhaºa½ v± sota½, saddesu ±viñchanarasa½, sotaviññ±ºassa ±dh±rabh±vapaccupaµµh±na½, sotuk±mat±nid±nakammajabh³tapadaµµh±na½.

Gandh±bhigh±t±rahabh³tappas±dalakkhaºa½, gh±yituk±mat±nid±nakammasamuµµh±nabh³tappas±dalakkhaºa½ v± gh±na½, gandhesu ±viñchanarasa½, gh±naviññ±ºassa ±dh±rabh±vapaccupaµµh±na½, gh±yituk±mat±nid±nakammajabh³tapadaµµh±na½.

Ras±bhigh±t±rahabh³tappas±dalakkhaº±, s±yituk±mat±nid±nakammasamuµµh±nabh³tappas±dalakkhaº± v± jivh±, rasesu ±viñchanaras±, jivh±viññ±ºassa ±dh±rabh±vapaccupaµµh±n±, s±yituk±mat±nid±nakammajabh³tapadaµµh±n±.

Phoµµhabb±bhigh±t±rahabh³tappas±dalakkhaºo, phusituk±mat±nid±nakammasamuµµh±nabh³tappas±dalakkhaºo v± k±yo, phoµµhabbesu ±viñchanaraso, k±yaviññ±ºassa ±dh±rabh±vapaccupaµµh±no, phusituk±mat±nid±nakammajabh³tapadaµµh±no.

434. Keci pana “tej±dhik±na½ bh³t±na½ pas±do cakkhu, v±yupathav²-±p±dhik±na½ bh³t±na½ pas±d± sotagh±najivh±, k±yo sabbesamp²”ti vadanti. Apare “tej±dhik±na½ pas±do cakkhu, vivarav±yu-±papathav±dhik±na½ sotagh±najivh±k±y±”ti vadanti. Te vattabb± “sutta½ ±harath±”ti. Addh± suttameva na dakkhissanti. Keci panettha “tej±d²na½ guºehi r³p±d²hi anugayhabh±vato”ti k±raºa½ dassenti. Te vattabb± “ko panevam±har³p±dayo tej±d²na½ guº±’ti. Avinibbhogavutt²su hi bh³tesu aya½ imassa guºo aya½ imassa guºoti na labbh± vattun”ti. Ath±pi vadeyyu½ “yath± tesu tesu sambh±resu tassa tassa bh³tassa adhikat±ya pathav²-±d²na½ sandh±raº±d²ni kicc±ni icchatha, eva½ tej±di-adhikesu sambh±resu r³p±d²na½ adhikabh±vadassanato icchitabbameta½ r³p±dayo tesa½ guº±”ti. Te vattabb± “iccheyy±ma, yadi ±p±dhikassa ±savassa gandhato pathav²-adhike kapp±se gandho adhikataro siy±, tej±dhikassa ca uºhodakassa vaººato s²tudakassa vaººo parih±yetha”. Yasm± paneta½ ubhayampi natthi, tasm± pah±yeta½ etesa½ nissayabh³t±na½ visesakappana½, “yath± avisesepi ekakal±pe bh³t±na½ r³paras±dayo aññamañña½ visadis± honti, eva½ cakkhupas±d±dayo avijjam±nepi aññasmi½ visesak±raºe”ti gahetabbameta½.

Ki½ pana ta½ ya½ aññamaññassa as±dh±raºa½? Kammameva nesa½ visesak±raºa½. Tasm± kammavisesato etesa½ viseso, na bh³tavisesato. Bh³tavisese hi sati pas±dova na uppajjati. Sam±n±nañhi pas±do, na visam±n±nanti por±º±.

435. Eva½ kammavisesato visesavantesu ca etesu cakkhusot±ni asampattavisayag±hak±ni, attano nissaya½ anall²nanissaye eva visaye viññ±ºahetutt±. Gh±najivh±k±y± sampattavisayag±hak±, nissayavasena ceva, sayañca, attano nissaya½ all²neyeva visaye viññ±ºahetutt±.

436. Cakkhu cettha yadeta½ loke n²lapakhumasam±kiººakaºhasukkamaº¹alavicitta½ n²luppaladalasannibha½ cakkh³ti vuccati. Tassa sasambh±racakkhuno setamaº¹alaparikkhittassa kaºhamaº¹alassa majjhe abhimukhe µhit±na½ sar²rasaºµh±nuppattipadese sattasu picupaµalesu ±sittatela½ picupaµal±ni viya satta akkhipaµal±niby±petv± dh±raºanh±panamaº¹anab²janakicc±hi cat³hi dh±t²hi khattiyakum±ro viya sandh±raºabandhanaparip±canasamud²raºakicc±hi cat³hi dh±t³hi kat³pak±ra½ utucitt±h±rehi upatthambhiyam±na½ ±yun± anup±liyam±na½ vaººagandharas±d²hi parivuta½ pam±ºato ³k±siramatta½ cakkhuviññ±º±d²na½ yath±raha½ vatthudv±rabh±va½ s±dhayam±na½ tiµµhati. Vuttampi ceta½ dhammasen±patin±–

“Yena cakkhupas±dena, r³p±ni manupassati;
paritta½ sukhuma½ eta½, ³k±sirasam³paman”ti.

Sasambh±rasotabilassa anto tanutambalom±cite aªgulivedhakasaºµh±ne padese sota½ vuttappak±r±hi dh±t³hi kat³pak±ra½ utucitt±h±rehi upatthambhiyam±na½ ±yun± anup±liyam±na½ vaºº±d²hi parivuta½ sotaviññ±º±d²na½ yath±raha½ vatthudv±rabh±va½ s±dhayam±na½ tiµµhati.

Sasambh±ragh±nabilassa anto ajapadasaºµh±ne padese gh±na½ yath±vuttappak±rupak±rupatthambhan±nup±lanapariv±ra½ gh±naviññ±º±d²na½ yath±raha½ vatthudv±rabh±va½ s±dhayam±na½ tiµµhati.

Sasambh±rajivh±majjhassa upari uppaladalaggasaºµh±ne padese jivh± yath±vuttappak±rupak±rupatthambhan±nup±lanapariv±r± jivh±viññ±º±d²na½ yath±raha½ vatthudv±rabh±va½ s±dhayam±n± tiµµhati.

Y±vat± pana imasmi½ k±ye up±diººar³pa½ n±ma atthi. Sabbattha k±yo kapp±sapaµale sneho viya vuttappak±rupak±rupatthambhan±nup±lanapariv±rova hutv± k±yaviññ±º±d²na½ yath±raha½ vatthudv±rabh±va½ s±dhayam±no tiµµhati.

Vammika-udak±k±sag±masivathikasaªkh±tasagocaraninn± viya ca ahisusum±rapakkh²kukkurasiªg±l±r³p±disagocaraninn±va ete cakkh±dayoti daµµhabb±.

437. Tato paresu pana r³p±d²su cakkhupaµihananalakkhaºa½ r³pa½, cakkhuviññ±ºassa visayabh±varasa½ tasseva gocarapaccupaµµh±na½, catumah±bh³tapadaµµh±na½. Yath± ceta½ tath± sabb±nipi up±d±r³p±ni. Yattha pana viseso atthi, tattha vakkh±ma. Tayida½ n²la½ p²takanti-±divasena anekavidha½.

Sotapaµihananalakkhaºo saddo, sotaviññ±ºassa visayabh±varaso, tasseva gocarapaccupaµµh±no. Bherisaddo mudiªgasaddoti-±din± nayena anekavidho.

Gh±napaµihananalakkhaºo gandho, gh±naviññ±ºassa visayabh±varaso, tasseva gocarapaccupaµµh±no. M³lagandho s±ragandhoti-±din± nayena anekavidho.

Jivh±paµihananalakkhaºo raso, jivh±viññ±ºassa visayabh±varaso, tasseva gocarapaccupaµµh±no. M³laraso khandharasoti-±din± nayena anekavidho.

438. Itthibh±valakkhaºa½ itthindriya½, itth²ti pak±sanarasa½, itthiliªganimittakutt±kapp±na½ k±raºabh±vapaccupaµµh±na½. Purisabh±valakkhaºa½ purisindriya½, purisoti pak±sanarasa½, purisaliªganimittakutt±kapp±na½ k±raºabh±vapaccupaµµh±na½. Tadubhayampi k±yappas±do viya sakalasar²ra½ by±pakameva, na ca k±yapas±dena µhitok±se µhitanti v± aµµhitok±se µhitanti v±ti vattabbata½ ±pajjati, r³paras±dayo viya aññamañña½ saªkaro natthi.

439. Sahajar³p±nup±lanalakkhaºa½ j²vitindriya½, tesa½ pavattanarasa½, tesaññeva µhapanapaccupaµµh±na½, y±payitabbabh³tapadaµµh±na½. Santepi ca anup±lanalakkhaº±dimhi vidh±ne atthikkhaºeyeva ta½ sahajar³p±ni anup±leti udaka½ viya uppal±d²ni. Yath±saka½ paccayuppannepi ca dhamme p±leti dh±ti viya kum±ra½. Saya½ pavattitadhammasambandheneva ca pavattati niy±mako viya. Na bhaªgato uddha½ pavattati, attano ca pavattayitabb±nañca abh±v±. Na bhaªgakkhaºe µhapeti, saya½ bhijjam±natt±. Kh²yam±no viya vaµµisneho d²pasikha½. Na ca anup±lanapavattanaµµhapan±nubh±vavirahita½, yath±vuttakkhaºe tassa tassa s±dhanatoti daµµhabba½.

440. Manodh±tumanoviññ±ºadh±t³na½ nissayalakkhaºa½ hadayavatthu, t±saññeva dh±t³na½ ±dh±raºarasa½ ubbahanapaccupaµµh±na½. Hadayassa anto k±yagat±satikath±ya½ vuttappak±ra½ lohita½ niss±ya sandh±raº±dikiccehi bh³tehi kat³pak±ra½ utucitt±h±rehi upatthambhiyam±na½ ±yun± anup±liyam±na½ manodh±tumanoviññ±ºadh±t³nañceva ta½sampayuttadhamm±nañca vatthubh±va½ s±dhayam±na½ tiµµhati.

441. Abhikkam±dipavattakacittasamuµµh±nav±yodh±tuy± sahajar³pak±yathambhanasandh±raºacalanassa paccayo ±k±ravik±ro k±yaviññatti, adhipp±yapak±sanaras±, k±yavipphandanahetubh±vapaccupaµµh±n±, cittasamuµµh±nav±yodh±tupadaµµh±n±. S± panes± k±yavipphandanena adhipp±yaviññ±panahetutt±, sayañca tena k±yavipphandanasaªkh±tena k±yena viññeyyatt± “k±yaviññatt²”ti vuccati. T±ya ca pana calitehi cittajar³pehi abhisambandh±na½ utuj±d²nampi calanato abhikkam±dayo pavattant²ti veditabb±.

Vac²bhedapavattakacittasamuµµh±napathav²dh±tuy± up±diººaghaµµanassa paccayo ±k±ravik±ro vac²viññatti, adhipp±yappak±sanaras±, vac²ghosahetubh±vapaccupaµµh±n±, cittasamuµµh±napathav²dh±tupadaµµh±n±. S± panes± vac²ghosena adhipp±yaviññ±panahetutt±, sayañca t±ya vac²ghosasaªkh±t±ya v±c±ya viññeyyatt± “vac²viññatt²”ti vuccati. Yath± hi araññe uss±petv± bandhagos²s±di-udakanimitta½ disv± udakamettha atth²ti viññ±yati, eva½ k±yavipphandanañceva vac²ghosañca gahetv± k±yavac²viññattiyopi viññ±yanti.

442. R³paparicchedalakkhaº± ±k±sadh±tu, r³papariyantappak±sanaras±, r³pamariy±d±paccupaµµh±n±, asamphuµµhabh±vacchiddavivarabh±vapaccupaµµh±n± v±, paricchinnar³papadaµµh±n±. Y±ya paricchinnesu r³pesu idamito uddhamadho tiriyanti ca hoti.

443. Adandhat±lakkhaº± r³passa lahut±, r³p±na½ garubh±vavinodanaras±, lahuparivattit±paccupaµµh±n±, lahur³papadaµµh±n±. Athaddhat±lakkhaº± r³passa mudut±, r³p±na½ thaddhabh±vavinodanaras±, sabbakiriy±su avirodhit±paccupaµµh±n±, mudur³papadaµµh±n±. Sar²rakiriy±nuk³lakammaññabh±valakkhaº± r³passa kammaññat±, akammaññat±vinodanaras±, adubbalabh±vapaccupaµµh±n±, kammaññar³papadaµµh±n±.

Et± pana tisso na aññamañña½ vijahanti, eva½ santepi yo arogino viya r³p±na½ lahubh±vo adandhat± lahuparivattippak±ro r³padandhattakaradh±tukkhobhapaµipakkhapaccayasamuµµh±no, so r³pavik±ro r³passa lahut±. Yo pana suparimadditacammasseva r³p±na½ mudubh±vo sabbakiriy±visesesu vasavattanabh±vamaddavappak±ro r³patthaddhattakaradh±tukkhobhapaµipakkhapaccayasamuµµh±no, so r³pavik±ro r³passa mudut±. Yo pana sudantasuvaººasseva r³p±na½ kammaññabh±vo sar²rakiriy±nuk³labh±vappak±ro sar²rakiriy±na½ ananuk³lakaradh±tukkhobhapaµipakkhapaccayasamuµµh±no, so r³pavik±ro r³passa kammaññat±ti evamet±sa½ viseso veditabbo.

444. ¾cayalakkhaºo r³passa upacayo, pubbantato r³p±na½ ummujj±panaraso, niyy±tanapaccupaµµh±no, paripuººabh±vapaccupaµµh±no v±, upacitar³papadaµµh±no. Pavattilakkhaº± r³passa santati, anuppabandhanaras±, anupacchedapaccupaµµh±n±, anuppabandhakar³papadaµµh±n±. Ubhayampeta½ j±tir³passev±dhivacana½, ±k±ran±nattato pana veneyyavasena ca “upacayo santat²”ti uddesadesan± kat±. Yasm± panettha atthato n±natta½ natthi, tasm± imesa½ pad±na½ niddese “yo ±yatan±na½ ±cayo, so r³passa upacayo. Yo r³passa upacayo, s± r³passa santat²”ti (dha. sa. 641-642) vutta½. Aµµhakath±yampi “±cayo n±ma nibbatti, upacayo n±ma va¹¹hi, santati n±ma pavatt²”ti (dha. sa. aµµha. 641) vatv± “nad²t²re khatak³pakamhi udakuggamanak±lo viya ±cayo nibbatti, paripuººak±lo viya upacayo va¹¹hi, ajjhottharitv± gamanak±lo viya santati pavatt²”ti (dha. sa. aµµha. 641) upam± kat±.

Upam±vas±ne ca “eva½ ki½ kathita½ hoti? ¾yatanena ±cayo kathito, ±cayena ±yatana½ kathitan”ti vutta½. Tasm± y± r³p±na½ paµham±bhinibbatti, s± ±cayo. Y± tesa½ upari aññesampi nibbattam±n±na½ nibbatti, s± va¹¹hi-±k±rena upaµµh±nato upacayo. Y± tesampi upari punappuna½ aññesa½ nibbattam±n±na½ nibbatti, s± anupabandh±k±rena upaµµh±nato santat²ti ca pavuccat²ti veditabb±.

R³paparip±kalakkhaº± jarat±, upanayanaras±, sabh±v±napagamepi navabh±v±pagamapaccupaµµh±n± v²hipur±ºabh±vo viya, paripaccam±nar³papadaµµh±n±. Khaº¹icc±dibh±vena dant±d²su vik±radassanato ida½ p±kaµajara½ sandh±ya vutta½. Ar³padhamm±na½ pana paµicchannajar± n±ma hoti, tass± esa vik±ro natthi, y± ca pathav² udakapabbatacandimas³riy±d²su av²cijar± n±ma.

Paribhedalakkhaº± r³passa aniccat±, sa½s²danaras±, khayavayapaccupaµµh±n±, paribhijjam±nar³papadaµµh±n±.

445. Oj±lakkhaºo kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro, r³p±haraºaraso, upatthambhanapaccupaµµh±no, kaba¼a½ katv± ±haritabbavatthupadaµµh±no. Y±ya oj±ya satt± y±penti, tass± eta½ adhivacana½.

446. Im±ni t±va p±¼iya½ ±gatar³p±neva. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana balar³pa½ sambhavar³pa½ j±tir³pa½ rogar³pa½ ekacc±na½ matena middhar³panti eva½ aññ±nipi r³p±ni ±haritv± “addh± mun²si sambuddho, natthi n²varaº± tav±”ti-±d²ni (su. ni. 546) vatv± middhar³pa½ t±va natthiyev±ti paµikkhitta½. Itaresu rogar³pa½ jarat±-aniccat±ggahaºena gahitameva, j±tir³pa½ upacayasantatiggahaºena, sambhavar³pa½ ±podh±tuggahaºena, balar³pa½ v±yodh±tuggahaºena gahitameva. Tasm± tesu ekampi visu½ natth²ti sanniµµh±na½ kata½.

Iti ida½ catuv²satividha½ up±d±r³pa½ pubbe vutta½ catubbidha½ bh³tar³pañc±ti aµµhav²satividha½ r³pa½ hoti an³namanadhika½.

447. Ta½ sabbampi na hetu ahetuka½ hetuvippayutta½ sappaccaya½ lokiya½ s±savamev±ti-±din± nayena ekavidha½.

Ajjhattika½ b±hira½, o¼±rika½ sukhuma½, d³re santike, nipphanna½ anipphanna½, pas±dar³pa½ napas±dar³pa½, indriya½ anindriya½, up±diººa½ anup±diººanti-±divasena duvidha½.

Tattha cakkh±dipañcavidha½ attabh±va½ adhikicca pavattatt± ajjhattika½, sesa½ tato b±hiratt± b±hira½. Cakkh±d²ni nava ±podh±tuvajjit± tisso dh±tuyo c±ti dv±dasavidha½ ghaµµanavasena gahetabbato o¼±rika½, sesa½ tato vipar²tatt± sukhuma½. Ya½ sukhuma½ tadeva duppaµivijjhasabh±vatt± d³re, itara½ suppaµivijjhasabh±vatt± santike. Catasso dh±tuyo, cakkh±d²ni terasa, kaba¼²k±r±h±ro c±ti aµµh±rasavidha½ r³pa½ paricchedavik±ralakkhaºabh±va½ atikkamitv± sabh±veneva pariggahetabbato nipphanna½, sesa½ tabbipar²tat±ya anipphanna½. Cakkh±dipañcavidha½ r³p±d²na½ gahaºapaccayabh±vena ±d±satala½ viya vippasannatt± pas±dar³pa½, itara½ tato vipar²tatt± napas±dar³pa½. Pas±dar³pameva itthindriy±dittayena saddhi½ adhipatiyaµµhena indriya½, sesa½ tato vipar²tatt± anindriya½. Ya½ kammajanti parato vakkh±ma, ta½ kammena up±diººatt± up±diººa½, sesa½ tato vipar²tatt± anup±diººa½.

448. Puna sabbameva r³pa½ sanidassanakammaj±d²na½ tik±na½ vasena tividha½ hoti. Tattha o¼±rike r³pa½ sanidassanasappaµigha½, sesa½ anidassanasappaµigha½. Sabbampi sukhuma½ anidassana-appaµigha½. Eva½ t±va sanidassanattikavasena tividha½. Kammaj±dittikavasena pana kammato j±ta½ kammaja½, tadaññapaccayaj±ta½ akammaja½, nakutocij±ta½ neva kammaja½ n±kammaja½. Cittato j±ta½ cittaja½, tadaññapaccayaj±ta½ acittaja½, nakutocij±ta½ neva cittaja½ n±cittaja½, ±h±rato j±ta½ ±h±raja½, tadaññapaccayaj±ta½ an±h±raja½, nakutocij±ta½ neva ±h±raja½ na-an±h±raja½. Ututo j±ta½ utuja½, tadaññapaccayaj±ta½ anutuja½, nakutocij±ta½ neva utuja½ na-anutujanti eva½ kammaj±dittikavasena tividha½.

449. Puna diµµh±dir³par³p±divatth±dicatukkavasena catubbidha½. Tattha r³p±yatana½ diµµha½ n±ma dassanavisayatt±, sadd±yatana½ suta½ n±ma savanavisayatt±, gandharasaphoµµhabbattaya½ muta½ n±ma sampattag±haka-indriyavisayatt±, sesa½ viññ±ta½ n±ma viññ±ºasseva visayatt±ti eva½ t±va diµµh±dicatukkavasena catubbidha½.

Nipphannar³pa½ panettha r³par³pa½ n±ma, ±k±sadh±tu paricchedar³pa½ n±ma, k±yaviññatti-±di kammaññat±pariyanta½ vik±rar³pa½ n±ma, j±tijar±bhaªga½ lakkhaºar³pa½ n±m±ti eva½ r³par³p±dicatukkavasena catubbidha½.

Ya½ panettha hadayar³pa½ n±ma, ta½ vatthu na dv±ra½. Viññattidvaya½ dv±ra½ na vatthu. Pas±dar³pa½ vatthu ceva dv±rañca. Sesa½ neva vatthu na dv±ranti eva½ vatth±dicatukkavasena catubbidha½.

450. Puna ekaja½, dvija½, tija½, catuja½, nakutocij±tanti imesa½ vasena pañcavidha½. Tattha kammajameva cittajameva ca ekaja½ n±ma. Tesu saddhi½ hadayavatthun± indriyar³pa½ kammajameva. Viññattidvaya½ cittajameva. Ya½ pana cittato ca ututo ca j±ta½, ta½ dvija½ n±ma, ta½ sadd±yatanameva. Ya½ utucitt±h±rehi j±ta½, ta½ tija½ n±ma, ta½ pana lahut±dittayameva. Ya½ cat³hipi kamm±d²hi j±ta½, ta½ catuja½ n±ma, ta½ lakkhaºar³pavajja½ avasesa½ hoti. Lakkhaºar³pa½ pana nakutocij±ta½. Kasm±? Na hi upp±dassa upp±do atthi, uppannassa ca parip±kabhedamatta½ itaradvaya½. Yampi “r³p±yatana½ sadd±yatana½ gandh±yatana½ ras±yatana½ phoµµhabb±yatana½ ±k±sadh±tu ±podh±tu r³passa lahut±, r³passa mudut±, r³passa kammaññat±, r³passa upacayo, r³passa santati, kaba¼²k±ro ±h±ro, ime dhamm± cittasamuµµh±n±”ti-±d²su (dha. sa. 1201) j±tiy± kutocij±tatta½ anuññ±ta½, ta½ pana r³pajanakapaccay±na½ kicc±nubh±vakkhaºe diµµhatt±ti veditabba½.

Ida½ t±va r³pakkhandhe vitth±rakath±mukha½.