“Tassa v± kule yo koci ±pucchitabbo”ti aµµhakath±vacanampi tesa½ vih±rassa issarabh±vad²paka½ na hoti, atha kho gamiko bhikkhu disa½ gantuk±mo vih±re ±pucchitabbabhikkhus±maºera-±r±mikesu asantesu te ±pucchitv± gantabbabh±vameva d²peti. Vuttañheta½ aµµhakath±ya½ “ima½ pana dasavidhampi seyya½ saªghike vih±re santharitv± v± santhar±petv± v± pakkamantena ±pucchitv± pakkamitabba½, ±pucchantena ca bhikkhumhi sati bhikkhu ±pucchitabbo…pe… tasmi½ asati ±r±miko, tasmimpi asati yena vih±ro k±rito, so vih±rass±miko, tassa v± kule yo koci ±pucchitabbo”ti. Eva½ ±r±mikassapi ±pucchitabbato olokanatth±ya vattas²seneva ±pucchitabbo, na tesa½ saªghikasen±sanassa issarabh±vatoti daµµhabba½.

“Pacchinne kulava½se”ty±divacanañca akappiyavasena kat±na½ akappiyavoh±rena paµiggahit±na½ khettavatthuta¼±k±d²na½ akappiyatt± bhikkh³hi pariccatt±na½ kappiyakaraºatth±ya r±j±d²hi gahetv± puna tesa½yeva bhikkh³na½ d±nameva d²peti, na tesa½ r±j±d²na½ tehi bhikkh³hi aññesa½ saªghagaºapuggalacetiy±na½ d±na½. Yadi dadeyyu½, adhammikad±na-adhammikapa-aggaha-adhammikaparibhog± siyu½. Vuttañheta½ pariv±re (pari. aµµha. 329) “nava adhammik±ni d±n±ni saªghassa pariºata½ aññasaªghassa v± cetiyassa v± puggalassa v± pariº±meti, cetiyassa pariºata½ aññacetiyassa v± saªghassa v± puggalassa v± pariº±meti, puggalassa pariºata½ aññapuggalassa v± saªghassa v± cetiyassa v± pariº±met²”ti. Aµµhakath±yañca (pari. aµµha. 329) “nava adhammik±ni d±n±n²ti…pe… eva½ vutt±ni. Nava paµiggahaparibhog±ti etesa½yeva d±n±na½ paµiggah± ca paribhog± c±”ti vutta½. Tasm± yadi r±j±dayo issar±ti gahetv± aññassa deyyu½, tampi d±na½ adhammikad±na½ hoti, ta½ d±na½ paµiggah± ca adhammikapaµiggah± honti, ta½ d±na½ paribhuñjant± ca adhammikaparibhog± hont²ti daµµhabba½.

Ath±pi eva½ vadeyyu½ “vih±rad±na½ saªghassa, agga½ buddhena vaººitanti-±d²su (c³¼ava. 295, 315) ‘saªghass±’ti aya½ saddo ‘d±nan’ti ettha s±misambandho na hoti, atha kho sampad±nameva, ‘d±yakass±’ti pana s±misambandho ajjh±haritabbo, tasm± s±mibh³to d±yakova issaro, na sampad±nabh³to saªgho”ti. Te eva½ vattabb±– “vih±rad±na½ saªghass±”ti ida½ d±nasamaye pavattavasena vutta½, na dinnasamaye pavattavasena. D±nak±le hi d±yako attano vatthubh³ta½ vih±ra½ saªghassa pariccajitv± deti, tasm± tasmi½ samaye d±yako s±m² hoti, saªgho sampad±na½, dinnak±le pana saªghova s±m² hoti vih±rassa paµiggahitatt±, na d±yako pariccattatt±, tasm± saªgho vic±retu½ issaro. Ten±ha bhagav± “pariccatta½ ta½, bhikkhave, d±yakeh²”ti (c³¼ava. 273). Ida½ pana saddalakkhaºagaruk± saddahissant²ti vutta½, atthato pana c²var±d²na½ catunna½ paccay±na½ d±nak±leyeva d±yakasantakabh±vo dinnak±lato paµµh±ya paµigg±hakasantakabh±vo sabbesa½ p±kaµo, tasm± idampi vacana½ d±yakasantakabh±vas±dhaka½ na hot²ti daµµhabba½.

Eva½ hotu, tath±pi “sace bhikkh³hi pariccattabh±va½ ñatv± s±miko v± tassa puttadh²taro v± añño v± koci va½se uppanno puna kappiyavoh±rena deti, vaµµat²”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (p±r±. aµµha. 2.538-539) vuttatt± vih±rass±mikabh³tad±yakassa v± tassa puttadh²t±d²na½ va½se uppann±na½ v± d±tu½ issarabh±vo siddhoyev±ti. Na siddho. Kasm±ti ce? Nanu vutta½ “bhikkh³hi pariccattabh±va½ ñatv±”ti, tasm± akappiyatt± bhikkh³hi pariccattameva kappiyakaraºatth±ya d±yak±d²hi puna kappiyavoh±rena deti, vaµµati. Yath± appaµiggahitatt± bhikkh³hi aparibhuttameva kh±dan²yabhojan²ya½ bhikkhusantaka½yeva ±pattimocanattha½ d±yak±dayo paµiggah±peti, na paribhutta½, yath± ca b²jag±mapariy±panna½yeva bhikkhusantaka½ b²jag±mabh³tag±mabh±vato parimocanattha½ kappiyak±rak±dayo kappiya½ karonti, na apariy±panna½, eva½ akappiya½ bhikkh³hi pariccatta½yeva ta¼±k±dika½ kappiyakaraºattha½ d±yak±dayo puna denti, na apariccatta½, tasm± idampi vacana½ kappiyakaraºatta½yeva s±dheti, na issarattanti viññ±yati.

Tath±pi eva½ vadeyyu½ “j±tibh³miya½ j±tibh³mik± up±sak± ±yasmanta½ dhammikatthera½ sattahi j±tibh³mikavih±rehi pabb±jayi½s³ti vacanato d±yako vih±rassa issaroti viññ±yati. Issaratt±yeva hi te thera½ pabb±jetu½ sakk±, no anissar±”ti, na kho paneva½ daµµhabba½. Kasm±? “J±tibh³mik± up±sak±”icceva hi vutta½, na “vih±rad±yak±”ti, tasm± tasmi½ dese vasant± bahavo up±sak± ±yasmanta½ dhammikatthera½ ayuttac±ritt± sakalasattavih±rato pabb±jayi½su, na attano vih±rad±yakabh±vena issaratt±, tasm± idampi ud±haraºa½ na issarabh±vad²paka½, atha kho apar±dh±nur³pakaraºabh±vad²pakanti daµµhabba½. Eva½ yad± d±yako vih±ra½ patiµµh±petv± deti, tassa muñcacetana½ patv± dinnak±lato paµµh±ya so v± tassa va½se uppanno v± janapadass±mikar±j±dayo v± issar± bhavitu½ v± vic±retu½ v± na labhanti, paµigg±hakabh³to saªgho v± gaºo v± puggalo v± soyeva issaro bhavitu½ v± vic±retu½ v± labhat²ti daµµhabba½.

Tattha d±yak±d²na½ issaro bhavitu½ alabhanabh±vo katha½ viññ±yat²ti ce? “Vatthuparicc±galakkhaºatt± d±nassa, pathav±divatthuparicc±gena ca puna gahaºassa ayuttatt±”ti vimativinodaniya½ vacanato “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, ya½ d²yam±na½ patati, ta½ s±ma½ gahetv± paribhuñjitu½, pariccatta½ ta½, bhikkhave, d±yakeh²”ti (c³¼ava. 273) bhagavat± vuttatt± ca “pariccatta½ ta½, bhikkhave, d±yakeh²ti vacanena panettha parasantak±bh±vo d²pito”ti aµµhakath±ya½ vuttatt± ca viññ±yati. Saªgh±d²na½ issaro bhavitu½ labhanabh±vo katha½ ñ±tabboti ce? Saªghiko n±ma vih±ro saªghassa dinno hoti pariccatto, “puggalike puggalikasaññ² aññassa puggalike ±patti dukkaµassa, attano puggalike an±patt²”ti p±cittiyap±¼iya½ (p±ci. 117, 127) ±gamanato ca “antamaso caturaªgulap±daka½ g±mad±rakehi pa½sv±g±rakesu k²¼antehi katampi saªghassa dinnato paµµh±ya garubhaº¹a½ hot²”ti (c³¼ava. aµµha. 321) samantap±s±dik±ya½ vacanato ca “abhiyogepi cettha c±tuddisa½ saªgha½ uddissa bhikkh³na½ dinna½ vih±ra½ v± pariveºa½ v± ±v±sa½ v± mahantampi khuddakampi abhiyuñjato abhiyogo na ruhati, acchinditv± gaºhitumpi na sakkoti. Kasm±? Sabbesa½ dhuranikkhep±bh±vato. Na hettha sabbe c±tuddis± bhikkh³ dhuranikkhepa½ karont²ti. D²ghabh±ºak±dibhedassa pana gaºassa ekapuggalassa v± santaka½ abhiyuñjitv± gaºhanto sakkoti te dhura½ nikkhip±petun”ti dutiyap±r±jikavaººan±ya½ (p±r±. aµµha. 1.102) vacanato ca viññ±yati.

Katha½ d±yak±d²na½ vic±retu½ alabhanabh±vo viññ±yat²ti ce? Santesupi ve¼uvanavih±r±did±yakesu tesa½ vic±raºa½ ananuj±nitv± “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, pañcahaªgehi samann±gata½ bhikkhu½ sen±sanagg±h±paka½ sammannitun”ti bhikkhusseva sen±sanagg±h±pakasammuti-anuj±nato ca bhaº¹anak±rakesu kosambakabhikkh³su s±vatthi½ ±gatesu an±thapiº¹ikena ca vis±kh±ya mah±-up±sik±ya ca “kath±ha½, bhante, tesu bhikkh³su paµipajj±m²”ti (mah±va. 468) eva½ jetavanavih±rad±yakapubb±r±mavih±rad±yakabh³tesu ±rocitesupi tesa½ sen±sanavic±raºa½ avatv± ±yasmat± s±riputtattherena “katha½ nu kho, bhante, tesu bhikkh³su sen±sane paµipajjitabban”ti ±rocite “tena hi, s±riputta, vivitta½ sen±sana½ d±tabban”ti vatv± “sace pana, bhante, vivitta½ na hoti, katha½ paµipajjitabban”ti vutte “tena hi vivitta½ katv±pi d±tabba½, na tvev±ha½, s±riputta, kenaci pariy±yena vu¹¹hatarassa bhikkhuno sen±sana½ paµib±hitabbanti vad±mi, yo paµib±heyya, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti (mah±va. 473) therasseva sen±sanassa vic±raºassa anuññ±tatt± ca viññ±yati.

Katha½ pana saªgh±d²na½ sen±sana½ vic±retu½ labhanabh±vo viññ±yat²ti? “Evañca, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo– paµhama½ bhikkhu y±citabbo, y±citv± byattena bhikkhun± paµibalena saªgho ñ±petabbo–

Suº±tu me, bhante, saªgho…pe… sammato saªghena itthann±mo bhikkhu sen±sanagg±h±pako, khamati saªghassa, tasm± tuºh², evameta½ dh±ray±m²ti (c³¼ava. 317).

Eva½ saªghena sen±sanagg±h±paka½ sammann±petv± puna tena saªghasammatena sen±sanagg±h±pakena sen±sanagg±hakavidh±na½ anuj±nitu½ anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, paµhama½ bhikkh³ gaºetu½, bhikkh³ gaºetv± seyy± gaºetu½, seyy± gaºetv± seyyaggena g±hetun”ti vacanato saªghikasen±sanassa saªghena vic±retu½ labhanabh±vo viññ±yati.

“D²ghabh±ºak±dibhedassa pana gaºassa ekapuggalassa v± dinnavih±r±di½ acchinditv± gaºhante dhuranikkhepasambhav± p±r±jikan”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (p±r±. aµµha. 1.102) ±gamanato ca “attano puggalike an±patt²”ti p±¼iya½ (p±ci. 117) ±gamanato ca “yasmi½ pana viss±so ruhati, tassa santaka½ attano puggalikamiva hot²ti mah±paccari-±d²su vuttan”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (p±ci. aµµha. 112) vacanato ca gaºassa dinno gaºasantakavih±ro gaºeneva vic±r²yate, no d±yak±d²hi. Puggalassa dinno puggalikavih±ropi paµigg±hakapuggaleneva vic±r²yate, no d±yak±d²h²ti viññ±yati. Eva½ vinayap±¼iya½ aµµhakath±µ²k±su ca vih±rassa saªghikagaºasantakapuggalikavasena tividhasseva vacanato ca tesa½yeva saªghagaºapuggal±na½ vih±ravic±raºassa anuññ±tatt± ca d±yakasantakassa vih±rassa visu½ avuttatt± ca d±yak±na½ vih±ravic±raºassa ananuññ±tatt± ca saªgh±dayo eva vih±rassa issar± honti, teyeva ca vic±retu½ labhant²ti daµµhabba½.

Eva½ hotu, tesu paµigg±hakabh³tesu saªghagaºapuggalesu so vih±ro kassa santako hoti, kena ca vic±retabboti? Vuccate– saªghikavih±re t±va “±gat±n±gatassa c±tuddisassa saªghassa damm²”ti dinnatt± paµigg±hakesu k±lakatesupi tadañño c±tuddisasaªgho ca an±gatasaªgho ca issaro, tassa santako, tena vic±retabbo. Gaºasantake pana tasmi½ gaºe y±va ekopi atthi, t±va gaºasantakova, tena avasiµµhena bhikkhun± vic±retabbo. Sabbesu k±lakatesu yadi sakalagaºo v± ta½gaºapariy±panna-avasiµµhapuggalo v± j²vam±nak±leyeva yassa kassaci dinno, yena ca viss±sagg±havasena gahito, so issaro. Sacepi sakalagaºo j²vam±nak±leyeva aññagaºassa v± saªghassa v± puggalassa v± deti, te aññagaºasaªghapuggal± issar± honti. Puggalikavih±re pana so vih±rass±miko attano j²vam±nak±leyeva saªghassa v± gaºassa v± puggalassa v± deti, te issar± honti. Yo v± pana tassa j²vam±nasseva viss±sagg±havasena gaºh±ti, sova issaro hot²ti daµµhabbo.

Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ce? Saªghike vih±rassa garubhaº¹att± avissajjiya½ avebhaªgika½ hoti, na kassaci d±tabba½. Gaºasantakapuggalikesu pana tesa½ s±mikatt± d±naviss±sagg±h± ruhanti, “tasm± so j²vam±noyeva sabba½ attano parikkh±ra½ nissajjitv± kassaci ad±si, koci v± viss±sa½ aggahesi. Yassa dinna½, yena ca gahita½, tasseva hot²”ti ca “dvinna½ santaka½ hoti avibhatta½, ekasmi½ k±lakate itaro s±m², bah³nampi santake eseva nayo”ti (mah±va. aµµha. 369) ca aµµhakath±ya½ vuttatt± viññ±yati.