Nissaggiyakaº¹o

Ito para½ pana ime kho pan±ti-±di sabbattha vuttanayeneva veditabba½.

1. C²varavaggo

1. Kathinasikkh±padavaººan±

Nissaggiyesu pana c²varavaggassa t±va paµhamasikkh±pade niµµhitac²varasminti s³cikammapariyos±nena v±, “naµµha½ v± vinaµµha½ v± da¹¹ha½ v± c²var±s± v± upacchinn±”ti (p±r±. 463) imesu v± yena kenaci ±k±rena niµµhite c²varasmi½, c²varassa karaºapalibodhe upacchinneti attho. Atthatakathinassa hi bhikkhuno y±va imeh±k±rehi c²varapalibodho na chijjati, t±va kathin±nisa½sa½ labhati. Ubbhatasmi½ kathineti ya½ saªghassa kathina½ atthata½, tasmiñca ubbhate. Tatreva½ saªkhepato kathinatth±ro ca ubbh±ro ca veditabbo. Ayañhi kathinatth±ro n±ma bhagavat± purimavassa½vuµµh±na½ anuññ±to, so sabbantimena paricchedena pañcanna½ jan±na½ vaµµati, tasm± yattha catt±ro v± tayo v± dve v± eko v± purimavassa½ upagato, tattha pacchimavass³pagate gaºap³rake katv± attharitabba½, te ca gaºap³rak±va honti, ±nisa½se na labhanti, tasm± sace purimavassa½vuµµh±na½ gahaµµhapabbajitesu yo koci dhammena samena c²vara½ deti “imin± kathina½ attharath±”ti (mah±va. 306-309), ta½ khandhake vutt±ya ñattidutiyakammav±c±ya kathinatth±r±rahassa bhikkhuno d±tabba½. Tena tadaheva pañca v± atirek±ni v± khaº¹±ni chinditv± saªgh±µi v± uttar±saªgo v± antarav±sako v± k±tabbo, sesabhikkh³hipi tassa sah±yehi bhavitabba½, sace katac²varameva uppajjati, sundarameva. Acchinn±sibbita½ pana na vaµµati. Tena bhikkhun± sace saªgh±µiy± attharituk±mo hoti, por±ºika½ saªgh±µi½ paccuddharitv± nava½ saªgh±µi½ adhiµµhahitv± “im±ya saªgh±µiy± kathina½ atthar±m²”ti attharitabba½. Uttar±saªga-antarav±sakesupi eseva nayo. Tato tena purimavassa½vuµµhe antos²m±gate bhikkh³ upasaªkamitv± “atthata½, bhante, saªghassa kathina½, dhammiko kathinatth±ro, anumodath±”ti (pari. 413) vattabba½, ther±nañca nav±nañca bah³nañca ekassa ca anur³pa½ sallakkhetv± vattabba½. Tehipi “atthata½, bhante, saªghassa kathinan”ti v± “atthata½, ±vuso, saªghassa kathinan”ti v± vatv± “dhammiko kathinatth±ro, anumod±m±”ti v± “anumod±m²”ti v± vattabba½. Purimavassa½vuµµhesupi ye anumodanti, tesa½yeva atthata½ hoti kathina½. Te tato paµµh±ya y±va kathinassubbh±r± an±mantac±ro, asam±d±nac±ro, y±vadatthac²vara½, gaºabhojana½, yo ca tattha c²varupp±do, tasmi½ ±v±se saªghassa uppannac²varañc±ti ime pañc±nisa½se labhanti, aya½ t±va kathinatth±ro. Ta½ paneta½ kathina½ “aµµhim±, bhikkhave, m±tik± kathinassubbh±r±ya pakkamanantik± niµµh±nantik± sanniµµh±nantik± n±sanantik± savanantik± ±s±vacchedik± s²m±tikkamanantik± sahubbh±r±”ti (mah±va. 310) eva½ vutt±su aµµhasu m±tik±su aññataravasena uddhar²yati, tattha vitth±ravinicchayo samantap±s±dik±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 310) vuttanayena veditabbo. Iti “ubbhatasmi½ kathine”ti-imin± sesapalibodh±bh±va½ dasseti.

Das±haparamanti dasa ah±ni paramo paricchedo ass±ti das±haparamo, ta½ das±haparama½ k±la½ dh±retabbanti attho. Adhiµµhitavikappitesu apariy±pannatt± atireka½ c²varanti atirekac²vara½, c²vara½ n±ma khoma½ kapp±sika½ koseyya½ kambala½ s±ºa½ bhaªganti etesa½ v± tadanulom±na½ v± aññatara½ ayamassa j±ti, pam±ºato pana ta½ vikappanupaga½ pacchima½ idha adhippeta½. Vuttañheta½ “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, ±y±mato aµµhaªgula½ sugataªgulena caturaªgulavitthata½ pacchima½ c²vara½ vikappetun”ti (mah±va. 358). Ya½ pana vutta½ “adhiµµhitavikappitesu apariy±pannatt±”ti, ettha “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, tic²vara½ adhiµµh±tu½ na vikappetu½, vassikas±µika½ vass±na½ catum±sa½ adhiµµh±tu½ tato para½ vikappetu½, nis²dana½ adhiµµh±tu½ na vikappetu½ paccattharaºa½ adhiµµh±tu½ na vikappetu½, kaº¹uppaµicch±di½ y±va ±b±dh± adhiµµh±tu½ tato para½ vikappetu½, mukhapuñchanaco¼aka½ adhiµµh±tu½ na vikappetu½, parikkh±raco¼a½ adhiµµh±tu½ na vikappetun”ti (mah±va. 358) imin± nayena adhiµµh±tabbavikappetabbat± j±nitabb±. Tattha tic²vara½ adhiµµhahantena rajitv± kappabindu½ datv± pam±ºayuttameva adhiµµh±tabba½, tassa pam±ºa½ ukkaµµhaparicchedena sugatac²varato ³naka½ vaµµati, l±makaparicchedena saªgh±µiy± t±va uttar±saªgassa ca d²ghato muµµhipañcaka½, tiriya½ muµµhittika½, antarav±sako d²ghato muµµhipañcako tiriya½ dvihatthopi vaµµati. Vuttappam±ºato pana atirekañca ³nakañca “parikkh±raco¼an”ti adhiµµh±tabba½. Tattha yasm± “dve c²varassa adhiµµh±n±ni k±yena v± adhiµµheti, v±c±ya v± adhiµµhet²”ti vutta½, tasm± pur±ºasaªgh±µi½ “ima½ saªgh±µi½ paccuddhar±m²”ti paccuddharitv± nava½ hatthena gahetv± “ima½ saªgh±µi½ adhiµµh±m²”ti cittena ±bhoga½ katv± k±yavik±ra½ karontena k±yena v± adhiµµh±tabb±, vac²bheda½ katv± v±c±ya v± adhiµµh±tabb±. Tatra duvidha½ adhiµµh±na½– sace hatthap±se hoti, “ima½ saªgh±µi½ adhiµµh±m²”ti v±c± bhinditabb±. Atha antogabbh±d²su s±mantavih±re v± hoti, µhapitaµµh±na½ sallakkhetv± “eta½ saªgh±µi½ adhiµµh±m²”ti v±c± bhinditabb±. Esa nayo uttar±saªge ca antarav±sake ca. N±mamattameva hi viseso. Tasm± sabb±ni saªgh±µi½ uttar±saªga½ antarav±sakanti eva½ attano attano n±meneva adhiµµh±tabb±ni. Sace adhiµµhahitv± µhapitavatthehi saªgh±µi-±d²ni karoti, niµµhite rajane ca kappe ca “ima½ paccuddhar±m²”ti paccuddharitv± puna adhiµµh±tabb±ni. Idañca pana tic²vara½ sukhaparibhogattha½ parikkh±raco¼a½ adhiµµh±tumpi vaµµati.

Vassikas±µik± anatirittapam±º± n±ma½ gahetv± vuttanayeneva catt±ro vassike m±se adhiµµh±tabb±, tato para½ paccuddharitv± vikappetabb±, vaººabhedamattaratt±pi ces± vaµµati, dve pana na vaµµanti. Nis²dana½ vuttanayena adhiµµh±tabbameva, tañca kho pam±ºayutta½ ekameva, dve na vaµµanti. Paccattharaºampi adhiµµh±tabbameva, ta½ pana mahantampi ekampi bah³nipi vaµµanti, n²lampi p²takampi sadasampi pupphadasamp²ti sabbappak±rampi vaµµati. Kaº¹uppaµicch±di y±va ±b±dho atthi, t±va pam±ºik± adhiµµh±tabb±, ±b±dhe v³pasante paccuddharitv± vikappetabb±, s± ek±va vaµµati. Mukhapuñchanaco¼a½ adhiµµh±tabbameva, ta½ pana ekampi bah³nipi mahantampi vaµµatiyeva. Parikkh±raco¼e gaºan± natthi, yattaka½ icchati, tattaka½ adhiµµh±tabbameva. Thavik±pi pariss±vanampi vikappanupaga½ pacchimapam±ºa½ “parikkh±raco¼an”ti adhiµµh±tabbameva, bah³nipi ekato katv± “im±ni c²var±ni parikkh±raco¼±ni adhiµµh±m²”ti-±din± nayena adhiµµh±tu½ vaµµatiyeva. Mañcabhisi p²µhabhisi bibbohana½ p±v±ro kojavoti etesu pana sen±sanaparikkh±ratth±ya dinnapaccattharaºe ca adhiµµh±nakicca½ natthiyeva. Sabbañca paneta½ vuttappak±rena adhiµµhitac²vara½ aññassa d±nena, acchinditv± gahaºena, viss±sagg±hena, h²n±y±vattanena, sikkh±paccakkh±nena, k±laªkiriy±ya, liªgaparivattanena, paccuddharaºen±ti imehi aµµhahi k±raºehi adhiµµh±na½ vijahati. Tic²vara½ pana kaniµµhaªgulinakhapiµµhippam±ºena chidden±pi vijahati, tañca kho vinibbedheneva. Sace hi chiddassa abbhantare ekatantupi acchinno hoti, rakkhatiyeva. Tattha saªgh±µiy± ca uttar±saªgassa ca d²ghantato vidatthippam±ºassa tiriyantato aµµhaªgulappam±ºassa padesassa orato chidda½ adhiµµh±na½ bhindati, antarav±sakepi d²ghantato etadeva pam±ºa½, tiriyantena pana caturaªgulat± veditabb±. Tiººannampi vuttok±sassa parato na bhindati, tasm± chidde j±te tic²vara½ atirekac²varaµµh±ne tiµµhati, s³cikamma½ katv± puna adhiµµh±tabba½. Vassikas±µik± vass±nam±s±tikkamen±pi, kaº¹uppaµicch±di ±b±dhav³pasamen±pi adhiµµh±na½ vijahati. Tasm± s± tato para½ vikappetabb±. Vikappanalakkhaºa½ pana sabbac²var±na½ vikappanasikkh±padeyeva vaººayiss±ma. Kevalañhi imasmi½ ok±se ya½ eva½ anadhiµµhita½ avikappitañca, ta½ “atirekac²varan”ti veditabba½.

Ta½ atikk±mayato nissaggiya½ p±cittiyanti ta½ yath±vuttaj±tippam±ºa½ c²vara½das±haparama½ k±la½ atikk±mayato etthantare yath± atirekac²vara½ na hoti, tath± akrubbato nissaggiya½ p±cittiya½, tañca c²vara½ nissaggiya½ hoti, p±cittiya½ ±patti cassa hot²ti attho. Atha v± nissajjana½ nissaggiya½, pubbabh±ge kattabbassa vinayakammasseta½ n±ma½, nissaggiyamassa atth²ti nissaggiyamicceva. Ki½ ta½? P±cittiya½. Ta½ atikk±mayato saha nissaggiyena nissaggiyavinayakamma½ p±cittiya½ hot²ti ayamettha attho. Tañca paneta½ c²vara½ ya½ divasa½ uppanna½, tassa yo aruºo, so uppannadivasanissito, tasm± c²varupp±dadivasena saddhi½ ek±dase aruºuggamane das±h±tikkamita½ hoti, ta½ gahetv± saªghassa v± gaºassa v± puggalassa v± nissajjitabba½, tatr±ya½ nayo– saªghassa t±va eva½ nissajjitabba½ “ida½ me, bhante, c²vara½ dasah±tikkanta½ nissaggiya½, im±ha½ saªghassa nissajj±m²”ti nissajjitv± “aha½, bhante, eka½ nissaggiya½ p±cittiya½ ±panno, ta½ paµidesem²”ti eva½ ±patti desetabb±. Sace dve honti, “dve”ti vattabba½, sace taduttari, “sambahul±”ti vattabba½. Nissajjanepi sace dve v± bah³ni v± honti, “im±ni me, bhante, c²var±ni das±h±tikkant±ni nissaggiy±ni, im±n±ha½ saªghassa nissajj±m²”ti vattabba½, p±¼i½ vattu½ asakkontena aññath±pi vattabba½. Byattena bhikkhun± paµibalena saªgho ñ±petabbo “suº±tu me, bhante, saªgho, aya½ itthann±mo bhikkhu ±patti½ sarati vivarati utt±ni½ karoti deseti, yadi saªghassa pattakalla½, aha½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno ±patti½ paµiggaºheyyan”ti (c³¼ava. 239), imin± lakkhaºena ±patti½ paµiggaºhitv± vattabbo “passas²”ti, “±ma pass±m²”ti, “±yati½ sa½vareyy±s²”ti, “s±dhu suµµhu sa½variss±m²”ti. Dv²su pana sambahul±su v± purimanayeneva vacanabhedo k±tabbo. Desit±ya ±pattiy± “suº±tu me, bhante, saªgho, ida½ c²vara½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno nissaggiya½ saªghassa nissaµµha½, yadi saªghassa pattakalla½ saªgho ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno dadeyy±”ti (p±r±. 464) eva½ nissaµµhac²vara½ d±tabba½, dv²su bah³su v± vacanabhedo k±tabbo.

Gaºassa pana nissajjantena “im±han”ti v± “im±ni ahan”ti v± vatv± “±yasmant±na½ nissajj±m²”ti vattabba½, ±pattippaµigg±haken±pi “suºantu me ±yasmant±, aya½ itthann±mo bhikkhu ±patti½ sarati…pe… deseti, yad±yasmant±na½ pattakallan”ti vattabba½, c²varad±nepi “suºantu me ±yasmant±, ida½ c²vara½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno nissaggiya½ ±yasmant±na½ nissaµµha½, yad±yasmant±na½ pattakalla½, ±yasmant± ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno dadeyyun”ti (p±r±. 466) vattabba½, sesa½ purimasadisameva. Puggalassa pana nissajjantena “im±han”ti v± “im±ni ahan”ti v± vatv± “±yasmato nissajj±m²”ti vattabba½, nissajjitv± “aha½, bhante, eka½ nissaggiya½ p±cittiya½ ±panno, ta½ paµidesem²”ti eva½ ±patti desetabb±. Sace pana navakataro hoti, “±vuso”ti vattabba½, ten±pi “passas²”ti v± “passath±”ti v± vutte “±ma, bhante”ti v± “±ma ±vuso”ti v± vatv± “pass±m²”ti vattabba½, tato “±yati½ sa½vareyy±s²”ti v± “sa½vareyy±th±”ti v± vutte “s±dhu suµµhu sa½variss±m²”ti vattabba½. Eva½ desit±ya ±pattiy± “ima½ c²vara½ ±yasmato damm²”ti d±tabba½, dv²su t²su v± pubbe vutt±nus±reneva nayo veditabbo. Dvinna½ pana yath± gaºassa, eva½ nissajjitabba½, tato ±pattippaµiggahaºañca nissaµµhac²varad±nañca tesa½ aññatarena yath± ekena puggalena, tath± k±tabba½, ida½ pana sabbanissaggiyesu vidh±na½. C²vara½ patto nis²dananti vatthumattameva hi n±na½, parammukha½ pana vatthu “etan”ti nissajjitabba½. Sace bah³ni honti, “et±n²”ti vattabba½. Nissaµµhad±nepi eseva nayo. Nissaµµhavatthu½ “dinnamida½ imin± mayhan”ti saññ±ya na paµidentassa dukkaµa½, tassa santakabh±va½ ñatv± lesena acchindanto s±mikassa dhuranikkhepena bhaº¹a½ aggh±petv± k±retabboti.

Ves±liya½ chabbaggiye bhikkh³ ±rabbha atirekac²varadh±raºavatthusmi½ paññatta½, “das±haparaman”ti ayamettha anupaññatti, s±dh±raºapaññatti, an±ºattika½, anissajjitv± paribhuñjantassa dukkaµa½, yath± ca idha, eva½ sabbattha, tasm± na½ parato na vakkh±ma. Das±ha½ anatikkantepi atikkantasaññino vematikassa ca dukkaµa½. Atikkante anatikkantasaññinopi vematikassapi nissaggiya½ p±cittiyameva, tath± anadhiµµhit±vikappita-a-assajjita-anaµµh±vinaµµha-ada¹¹h±viluttesu adhiµµhit±disaññino. Antodas±ha½ adhiµµhite vikappite vissajjite naµµhe vinaµµhe da¹¹he acchinne viss±sena g±hite ummattak±d²nañca an±patti. ¾c±ravipatti, yath± ca ida½, eva½ ito par±nipi, ubhatop±timokkhesupi hi p±r±jik±ni ca saªgh±dises± ca s²lavipatti, ses±pattiyo ±c±ravipatti, ±j²vavipatti v± diµµhivipatti v± k±ci ±patti n±ma natthi. ¾j²vavipattipaccay± pana µhapetv± dubbh±sita½ cha ±pattikkhandh± paññatt±, diµµhivipattipaccay± p±cittiyadukkaµavasena dve ±pattikkhandh± paññatt±ti, idamettha lakkhaºa½, iti vipattikath± idheva niµµhit±ti, na na½ ito para½ vic±rayiss±ma. J±tippam±ºasampannassa c²varassa attano santakat±, gaºanupagat±, chinnapalibodhabh±vo, atirekac²varat±, das±h±tikkamoti im±nettha pañca aªg±ni. Kathinasamuµµh±na½, akiriya½, nosaññ±vimokkha½, acittaka½, paººattivajja½, k±yakamma½, vac²kamma½, ticitta½, tivedananti.

Kathinasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.