1. Mah±khandhaka½

Bodhikath±vaººan±

Id±ni ubhatovibhaªg±nantara½ saªgaham±ropitassa mah±vaggac³¼avaggasaªgahitassa khandhakassaatthasa½vaººana½ ±rabhituk±mo “ubhinna½ p±timokkh±nan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ubhinna½p±timokkh±nanti ubhinna½ p±timokkhavibhaªg±na½. P±timokkhaggahaºena hettha tesa½ vibhaªgoabhedena gahito. Ya½ khandhaka½ saªg±yi½s³ti sambandho. Khandh±na½ sam³ho khandhako,khandh±na½ v± pak±sanato d²panato khandhako. “Khandh±”ti cettha pabbajjupasampad±divinayakammasaªkh±t±c±rittav±rittasikkh±padasaªkh±t± ca paññattiyo adhippet±. Pabbajj±d²ni hi bhagavat± paññattatt±“paññattiyo”ti vuccanti. Paññattiyañca khandhasaddo dissati “d±rukkhandho aggikkhandho”ti-±d²suviya. Apica bh±gar±saµµhat±pettha yujjatiyeva t±sa½ paññatt²na½ bh±gato r±sito ca vibhattatt±.Khandhakovid±ti paññattibh±gar±saµµhavasena khandhaµµhe kovid±.

Padabh±jan²ye yesa½ pad±na½ atth± yehi aµµhakath±nayehi pak±sit±ti yojetabba½. Tece puna vadeyy±m±ti te ce aµµhakath±naye punapi vadeyy±ma. Atha v± padabh±jan²ye yesa½pad±na½ ye atth± heµµh± pak±sit±, te ce atthe puna vadeyy±m±ti yojetabba½. Imasmi½pakkhe hi-saddo padap³raºe daµµhabbo. Pariyos±nanti sa½vaººan±pariyos±na½. Utt±n±ceva ye atth±ti ye atth± pubbe apak±sit±pi utt±n± agambh²r±.

1. Visesak±raºa½ natth²ti “yena samayena ±yasmato s±riputtattherassa sikkh±padapaññattiy±canahetubh³toparivitakko udap±di, tena samayen±”ti-±din± vuttak±raºa½ viya idhavisesak±raºa½ natthi. Ayamabhil±poti “tena samayen±”ti ayamabhil±po. Ki½panetassa vacane payojananti yadi visesak±raºa½ natthi, etassa vacane ki½ payojananti adhipp±yo.Nid±nadassana½ payojananti yojetabba½. Tameva vibh±vetu½ “y± hi bhagavat±”ti-±divutta½.

Mah±vel± viya mah±vel±, vipulav±lukapuñjat±ya mahanto vel±taµo viy±ti attho.Ten±ha “mahante v±likar±simh²ti attho”ti. Uru maru sikat± v±luk±vaººu v±lik±ti ime sadd± sam±natth±, byañjanameva n±na½. Ten±ha “ur³ti v±lik±vuccat²”ti.

Ito paµµh±ya ca–

Yasm± suttantap±¼²na½, attho saªkhepavaººito;
tasm± maya½ kariss±ma, t±sa½ atthassa d²pana½.

Najj±ti (ud±. aµµha. 1) nadati sandat²ti nad², tass± najj±, nadiy± ninnag±y±tiattho. Nerañjar±y±ti “nelañjal±y±”ti vattabbe la-k±rassa ra-k±ra½ katv±“nerañjar±y±”ti vutta½, kaddamasev±lapaºak±didosarahitasalil±y±ti attho. Keci“n²la½jal±y±ti vattabbe nerañjar±y±ti vuttan”ti vadanti, n±mameva v± eta½ tass±nadiy±ti veditabba½. Tass± nadiy± t²re yattha bhagav± vih±si, ta½ dassetu½ “bodhirukkham³le”tivutta½. “Bodhi vuccati cat³su maggesu ñ±ºan”ti (c³¼ava. khaggavis±ºasuttaniddesa121) ettha maggañ±ºa½ bodh²ti vutta½, “pappoti bodhi½ varabh³rimedhaso”ti (d².ni. 3.217) ettha sabbaññutaññ±ºa½. Tadubhayampi bodhi½ bhagav± ettha pattoti rukkhopi“bodhirukkho”tveva n±ma½ labhi. Atha v± satta bojjhaªge bujjhat²ti bhagav± bodhi.Tena bujjhantena sannissitatt± so rukkho “bodhirukkho”ti n±ma½ labhi. Aµµhakath±ya½pana ekadeseneva attha½ dassetu½ “bodhi vuccati cat³su maggesu ñ±ºan”ti-±divutta½. M³leti sam²pe. Paµham±bhisambuddhoti anun±sikalopen±ya½ niddesoti±ha “paµhama½ abhisambuddho”ti. Paµhamanti ca bh±vanapu½sakaniddeso, tasm± abhisambuddhohutv± sabbapaµhama½ bodhirukkham³le viharat²ti evamettha sambandho veditabbo.

Atha kho bhagav±ti ettha ath±ti tasmi½ samayeti evamattho gahetabboanekatthatt± nip±t±na½, yasmi½ samaye abhisambuddho hutv± bodhirukkham³le viharati,tasmi½ samayeti attho. Teneva ud±nap±¼iya½ (ud±. 2) “tena kho pana samayena bhagav±satt±ha½ ekapallaªkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaµisa½ved²”ti vutta½. Ath±tiv± pacch±ti imasmi½ atthe nip±to, tasm± abhisambodhito pacch±ti evamattho gahetabbo.Khoti padap³raºe nip±to. Satta ah±ni satt±ha½. Accantasa½yoge ceta½ upayogavacana½.Yasm± bhagav± ta½ satt±ha½ nirantarat±ya accantameva phalasam±pattisukhena vih±si, tasm±“satt±han”ti accantasa½yogavasena upayogavacana½ vutta½. Ekapallaªken±ti vis±khapuººam±yaanatthaªgateyeva s³riye apar±jitapallaªkavasena vajir±sane nisinnak±lato paµµh±ya sakimpianuµµhahitv± yath±bhujitena ekeneva pallaªkena.

Vimuttisukhapaµisa½ved²ti ettha tadaªgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaµippassaddhinissaraºavimutt²supañcasu paµippassaddhivimuttisaªkh±t± bhagavato phalavimutti adhippet±ti ±ha “vimuttisukha½phalasam±pattisukha½ paµisa½vedayam±no”ti. Vimutt²ti ca upakkilesehi paµippassaddhivasenacittassa vimuttabh±vo, cittameva v± tath± vimutta½ veditabba½. T±ya vimuttiy±j±ta½, sampayutta½ v± sukha½ vimuttisukha½. “Y±ya½, bhante, upekkh± sante sukhevutt± bhagavat±”ti (ma. ni. 2.88) vacanato upekkh±pi cettha sukhamicceva veditabb±.Tath± hi vutta½ sammohavinodaniya½ (vibha. aµµha. 232) “upekkh± pana santatt±, sukhamiccevabh±sit±”ti. Bhagav± hi catutthajjh±nika½ arahattaphalasam±patti½ sam±pajjati, naitara½. Atha v± “tesa½ v³pasamo sukho”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.221, 272) yath± saªkh±radukkhav³pasamo“sukho”ti vuccati, eva½ sakalakilesadukkh³pasamabh±vato aggaphale labbham±n±paµippassaddhivimutti eva idha “sukhan”ti veditabb±.

Ath±ti adhik±ratthe nip±to, khoti padap³raºe. Tesu adhik±ratthena “ath±”tiimin± vimuttisukhapaµisa½vedanato añña½ adhik±ra½ dasseti. Ko panesoti? Paµiccasama-upp±damanasik±ro.Rattiy±ti avayavasambandhe s±mivacana½. Paµhamanti accantasa½yogatthe upayogavacana½ Bhagav± hi tass± rattiy± sakalampi paµhama½ y±ma½ teneva manasik±renayutto ahos²ti.

Paccay±k±ranti avijj±dipaccayadhamma½. Paµicc±ti paµimukha½ gantv±, k±raºas±maggi½apaµikkhipitv±ti attho. Paµimukhagamanañca paccayassa k±raºas±maggiy± aªgabh±venaphalassa upp±danameva. Apaµikkhipitv±ti pana vin± t±ya k±raºas±maggiy± aªgabh±va½ agantv±sayameva na upp±det²ti attho. Etena k±raºabahut± dassit±. Avijj±di-ekekahetus²senahi hetusam³ho niddiµµho. Sahiteti samudite, avinibbhutteti attho. Avijj±dikohi paccayadhammo sahiteyeva aññamañña½ avinibbhogavuttidhamme upp±deti. Imin± paccayuppannadhammabahut±dassit±. Ubhayenapi “eka½ na ekato”ti-±dinayo (vibha. aµµha. 226 saªkh±rapadaniddesa;visuddhi. 2.617) d²pito hoti. Ekato hi k±raºato na idha kiñci eka½ phalamatthi,na aneka½, n±pi anekehi k±raºehi eka½, anekehi pana k±raºehi anekamevahoti. Tath± hi anekehi utupathav²b²jasalilasaªkh±tehi k±raºehi anekameva r³pagandharas±di-aªkurasaªkh±ta½phalamuppajjam±na½ dissati. Ya½ paneta½ “avijj±paccay± saªkh±r±, saªkh±rapaccay± viññ±ºan”tiekekahetuphalad²pana½ kata½, tattha payojana½ na vijjati.

Bhagav± hi katthaci padh±natt± katthaci p±kaµatt± katthaci as±dh±raºatt± desan±vil±sassaca veneyy±nañca anur³pato ekameva hetu½ v± phala½ v± d²peti. “Phassapaccay±vedan±”ti hi ekameva hetu½ phalañc±ha. Phasso hi vedan±ya padh±nahetu yath±phassa½vedan±vavatth±nato. Vedan± ca phassassa padh±naphala½ yath±vedana½ phassavavatth±nato. “Semhasamuµµh±n±±b±dh±”ti (mah±ni. 5) p±kaµatt± eka½ hetu½ ±ha. P±kaµo hi ettha semho,na kamm±dayo. “Ye keci, bhikkhave, akusal± dhamm±, sabbete ayonisomanasik±ram³lak±”tias±dh±raºatt± eka½ hetu½ ±ha. As±dh±raºo hi ayonisomanasik±ro akusal±na½,s±dh±raº±ni vatth±rammaº±d²n²ti. Tasm± avijj± t±vettha vijjam±nesupi aññesuvatth±rammaºasahaj±tadhamm±d²su saªkh±rak±raºesu “ass±d±nupassino taºh± pava¹¹hat²”ti(sa½. ni. 2.52) ca “avijj±samuday± ±savasamudayo”ti (ma. ni.1.104) ca vacanato aññesampi taºh±d²na½ saªkh±rahet³na½ het³ti padh±natt±, “avidv±,bhikkhave, avijj±gato puññ±bhisaªkh±rampi abhisaªkharot²”ti p±kaµatt± as±dh±raºatt±ca saªkh±r±na½ hetubh±vena d²pit±ti veditabb±. Eva½ sabbattha ekekahetuphalad²paneyath±sambhava½ nayo netabbo. Ten±hu por±º±–

“Eka½ na ekato idha, n±nekamanekatopi no eka½;
phalamatthi atthi pana eka-hetuphalad²pane attho”ti.

Paccetumarahat²ti paµicco. Yo hi na½ pacceti abhisameti, tassa accantameva dukkhav³pasam±yasa½vattati. Samm± saha ca upp±det²ti samupp±do. Paccayadhammo hi attano phala½upp±dento sampuººameva upp±deti, na vikala½. Ye ca dhamme upp±deti, te sabbesaheva upp±deti, na ekeka½. Iti paµicco ca so samupp±do c±ti paµiccasamupp±dotievampettha attho daµµhabbo. Vitth±roti paµiccasamupp±dapadavaººan±papañco. Mayampita½ atipapañcabhay± idha na dassayiss±ma, eva½ parato vakkham±nampi vitth±ra½. Anulomapaµilomantibh±vanapu½sakaniddeso “visama½ candimas³riy± parivattant²”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 4.70)viya. Svev±ti so eva paccay±k±ro. Purimanayena v± vuttoti “avijj±paccay±saªkh±r±”ti-±din± nayena vutto paccay±k±ro. Pavattiy±ti sa½s±rappavattiy±.Manasi ak±s²ti yo yo paccayadhammo yassa yassa paccayuppannadhammassa yath± yath± hetupaccay±din±paccayabh±vena paccayo hoti, ta½ sabba½ avipar²ta½ aparih±petv± anavasesato paccavekkhaºavasenacitte ak±s²ti attho.

Avijj±paccay±ti-±d²su (vibha. aµµha. 225; visuddhi. 2.586-587; ud±. aµµha. 1) avindiya½k±yaduccarit±di½ vindat²ti avijj±, vindiya½ k±yasucarit±di½ na vindat²tiavijj±, dhamm±na½ avipar²tasabh±va½ avidita½ karot²ti avijj±, antavirahite sa½s±rebhav±d²su satte jav±pet²ti avijj±, avijjam±nesu javati, vijjam±nesu na javat²tiavijj±, vijj±paµipakkh±ti v± avijj±. S± “dukkhe aññ±ºan”ti-±din± catubbidh±veditabb±. Paµicca na½ na vin± phala½ eti uppajjati ceva pavattati c±ti paccayo,upak±raµµho v± paccayo. Avijj± ca s± paccayo c±ti avijj±paccayo tasm± avijj±paccay±. Saªkharont²ti saªkh±r±, lokiy± kusal±kusalacetan±.Te puññ±puññ±neñc±bhisaªkh±ravasena tividh± veditabb±. Vij±n±t²ti viññ±ºa½,ta½ lokiyavip±kaviññ±ºavasena b±tti½savidha½. Namat²ti n±ma½, vedan±dikkhandhattaya½.Ruppat²ti r³pa½, bh³tar³pa½ cakkh±di-up±d±r³pañca. ¾yatanti, ±yatañca sa½s±radukkha½nayat²ti ±yatana½ Phusat²ti phasso. Vedayat²ti vedan±. Idampi dvaya½dv±ravasena chabbidha½, vip±kavasena gahaºe b±tti½savidha½. Tassati paritassat²ti taºh±,s± k±mataºh±divasena saªkhepato tividh±, vitth±rato aµµhasatavidh± ca. Up±diyat²tiup±d±na½, ta½ k±mup±d±n±divasa-ena catubbidha½.

Bhavati bh±vayati c±ti bhavo, so kammopapattibhedato duvidho. Janana½ j±ti. J²raºa½jar±. Maranti ten±ti maraºa½. Socana½ soko. Paridevana½ paridevo.Dukkhayat²ti dukkha½. Upp±daµµhitivasena dvedh± khanat²ti v± dukkha½. Dummanassabh±vo domanassa½. Bhuso ±y±so up±y±so. Sambhavant²ti nibbattanti. Nakevalañca sok±d²heva, atha kho sabbapadehi “sambhavant²”ti padassa yojan± k±tabb±.Evañhi avijj±paccay± saªkh±r± sambhavant²ti paccayapaccayuppannavavatth±na½ dassita½ hoti.Tenev±ha “avijj±paccay± saªkh±r± sambhavant²ti imin± nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo”ti.Evametassa…pe… samudayo hot²ti ettha pana ayamattho. Evanti niddiµµhanayanidassana½.Tena avijj±d²heva k±raºehi, na issaranimm±n±d²h²ti dasseti. Etass±ti yath±vuttassa.Kevalass±ti asammissassa, sakalassa v±. Dukkhakkhandhass±ti dukkhasam³hassa, nasattassa n±pi subhasukh±d²na½. Samudayo hot²ti nibbatti sambhavati.