Sikkh±padadaº¹akammavatthukath±vaººan±

106. Anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, s±maºer±na½ dasa sikkh±pad±n²ti-±d²su sikkhitabb±nipad±ni sikkh±pad±ni, sikkh±koµµh±s±ti attho. Sikkh±ya v± pad±ni sikkh±pad±ni,adhis²la-adhicitta-adhipaññ±sikkh±ya adhigamup±y±ti attho. Atthato panak±m±vacarakusalacittasampayutt± viratiyo, ta½sampayuttadhamm± panettha taggahaºenevagahetabb±. Saraseneva patanasabh±vassa antar± eva atip±tana½ atip±to, saºika½ patitu½adatv± s²gha½ p±tananti attho. Atikkamma v± satth±d²hi abhibhavitv± p±tana½ atip±to,p±ºassa atip±to p±º±tip±to, p±ºavadho p±ºagh±toti vutta½ hoti. P±ºoti cetthavoh±rato satto, paramatthato j²vitindriya½. Tasmi½ pana p±ºe p±ºasaññino j²vitindriyupacchedaka-upakkamasamuµµh±pik±k±yavac²dv±r±na½ aññatarappavatt± vadhakacetan± p±º±tip±to, tato p±º±tip±t±.

Veramaº²ti verahetut±ya verasaññita½ p±º±tip±t±dip±padhamma½ maºati, “mayi idhaµhit±ya katham±gacchas²”ti v± tajjent² viya n²harat²ti veramaº². Viramati et±y±tiv± viramaº²ti vattabbe niruttinayena “veramaº²”ti vutta½. Atthato pana veramaº²tik±m±vacarakusalacittasampayutt± viratiyo. S± “p±º±tip±t±di½ viramantassay± tasmi½ samaye p±º±tip±t± ±rati virati paµivirati veramaº² akiriy± akaraºa½anajjh±patti vel±natikkamo setugh±to”ti evam±din± nayena vibhaªge (vibha. 704)vutt±. K±mañces± veramaº² n±ma lokuttar±pi atthi, idha pana sam±d±navasappavatt±virati adhippet±ti lokuttar±ya viratiy± sam±d±navasena pavatti-asambhavato k±m±vacarakusalacittasampayutt±viratiyo gahetabb±.

Adinn±d±n± veramaº²ti-±d²su adinnassa ±d±na½ adinn±d±na½, parassaharaºa½, theyya½corik±ti vutta½ hoti. Tattha adinnanti parapariggahita½. Yattha paro yath±k±mak±rita½±pajjanto adaº¹±raho anupavajjo ca hoti, tasmi½ pana parapariggahite parapariggahitasa-añanotad±d±yaka-upakkamasamuµµh±pik± theyyacetan± adinn±d±na½.

Abrahmacariya½ n±ma aseµµhacariya½ dvaya½dvayasam±patti. S± hi “appass±d± k±m± bahudukkh±bahup±y±s±, ±d²navo ettha bhiyyo”ti-±din± (ma. ni. 1.177; 2.42) h²¼itatt±aseµµh± appasatth± cariy±ti v± aseµµh±na½ nih²n±na½ itthipuris±na½ cariy±ti v± aseµµhacariya½,aseµµhacariyatt± abrahmacariyanti ca vuccati atthato pana asaddhammasevan±dhipp±yenak±yadv±rappavatt± maggenamaggappaµipattisamuµµh±pik± cetan± abrahmacariya½.

Mus±ti abh³ta½ ataccha½ vatthu, v±doti tassa bh³tato tacchato viññ±pana½. Lakkhaºatopana atatha½ vatthu½ tathato para½ viññ±petuk±massa tath±viññattisamuµµh±pik± cetan± mus±v±domus± vad²yati vuccati et±y±ti katv±.

Sur±merayamajjappam±daµµh±n±ti ettha sur±ti p³vasur± piµµhasur± odanasur±kiººapakkhitt± sambh±rasa½yutt±ti pañca sur±. Merayanti pupph±savo phal±savomadhv±savo gu¼±savo sambh±rasa½yuttoti pañca ±sav±. Tattha p³ve bh±jane pakkhipitv±tajja½ udaka½ datv± madditv± kat± p³vasur±. Eva½ sesasur±pi. Kiºº±tipana tass± sur±ya b²ja½ vuccati, ye sur±modak±ti vuccanti, te pakkhipitv±kat± kiººapakkhitt±. Har²tak²s±sap±din±n±sambh±rehi sa½yojit± sambh±rasa½yutt±.Madhukat±lan±¼iker±dipuppharaso cirapariv±sito pupph±savo. Panas±diphalarasophal±savo. Muddik±raso madhv±savo. Ucchuraso gu¼±savo. Har²taka-±malakakaµukabhaº¹±din±n±sambh±r±na½raso cirapariv±sito sambh±rasa½yutto. Ta½ sabbampi madakaraºavasena majja½ pivanta½madayat²ti katv±. Pam±daµµh±nanti pam±dak±raºa½. Y±ya cetan±ya ta½ majja½ pivanti,tass± eta½ adhivacana½. Sur±merayamajje pam±daµµh±na½ sur±merayamajjappam±daµµh±na½, tasm±sur±merayamajjappam±daµµh±n±.

Vik±labhojan±ti aruºuggamanato paµµh±ya y±va majjhanhik±. Aya½ buddh±d²na½ ariy±na½±ciººasam±ciººo bhojanassa k±lo n±ma, tadañño vik±lo. Bhuñjitabbaµµhena bhojana½,y±gubhatt±di sabba½ y±vak±likavatthu. Yath± ca “ratt³parato”ti (d². 1.10,194; ma. ni. 1.293; 3.14) ettha rattiy± bhojana½ ratt²ti uttarapadalopena vuccati,evamettha bhojanajjhoharaºa½ bhojananti. Vik±le bhojana½ vik±labhojana½, tato vik±labhojan±,vik±le y±vak±likavatthussa ajjhoharaº±ti attho. Atha v± na ettha kammas±dhano bhuñjitabbatthav±cakobhojanasaddo, atha kho bh±vas±dhano ajjhoharaºatthav±cako gahetabbo tasm±vik±le bhojana½ ajjhoharaºa½ vik±labhojana½. Kassa pana ajjhoharaºanti? Y±mak±lik±d²na½anuññ±tatt± vik±labhojana-saddassa v± y±vak±likajjhoharaºe niru¼hatt± y±vak±likass±tiviññ±yati, atthato pana k±yadv±rappavatt± vik±le y±vak±likajjhoharaºacetan± “vik±labhojanan”tiveditabb±.

Naccag²tav±ditavis³kadassan±ti ettha s±sanassa ananulomatt± vis³ka½ paµ±º²bh³ta½dassananti vis³kadassana½. Nacc±d²nañhi dassana½ sachandar±gappavattito saªkhepato “sabbap±passaakaraºan”ti-±dinayappavatta½ (d². ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183) bhagavato s±sana½ na anulometi.Naccañca g²tañca v±ditañca vis³kadassanañca naccag²tav±ditavis³kadassana½. Attan±payojiyam±na½ parehi payoj±piyam±nañcettha nacca½ naccabh±vas±maññato p±¼iya½ ekenevanacca-saddena gahita½, tath± g²tav±dita-saddehi g±yanag±y±panav±danav±d±pan±ni, tasm± attan±naccananacc±pan±divasena nacc± ca g²t± ca v±dit± ca antamaso may³ranacc±divasenapi pavatt±na½nacc±d²na½ vis³kabh³t± dassan± ca veramaº²ti evamettha attho daµµhabbo. Nacc±d²niattan± payojetu½ v± parehi payoj±petu½ v± payutt±ni passitu½ v± neva bhikkh³na½na bhikkhun²na½ vaµµati. Dassanena cettha savanampi saªgahita½ vir³pekasesanayena. Yath± saka½visaya-±locanasabh±vat±ya v± pañcanna½ viññ±º±na½ savanakiriy±yapi dassanasaªkhepasambhavato“dassan±” icceva vutta½. Teneva vutta½ “pañcahi viññ±ºehi na kañci dhamma½paµivij±n±ti aññatra abhinip±tamatt±”ti. Dassanakamyat±ya upasaªkamitv± passato eva cetthav²tikkamo hoti, µhitanisinnasayanok±se pana ±gata½ gacchantassa v± ±p±thagata½ passatosiy± sa½kileso, na v²tikkamo.

M±l±gandhavilepanadh±raºamaº¹anavibh³sanaµµh±n±ti ettha m±l±ti ya½ kiñci puppha½.Kiñc±pi hi m±l±-saddo loke baddham±lav±cako, s±sane pana ru¼hiy± pupphesupivutto, tasm± ya½ kiñci puppha½ baddhamabaddha½ v±, ta½ sabba½ “m±l±”ti daµµhabba½.Gandhanti v±sacuººadh³m±dika½ vilepanato añña½ ya½ kiñci gandhaj±ta½. Vilepanantivilepanattha½ pisitv± paµiyatta½ ya½ kiñci chavir±gakaraºa½. Pi¼andhana½ dh±raºa½,³naµµh±nap³raºa½ maº¹ana½, gandhavasena chavir±gavasena ca s±diyana½ vibh³sana½.Teneva d²ghanik±yaµµhakath±ya½ (d². ni. aµµha. 1.10) majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±yañca (ma.ni. aµµha. 1.293) “pi¼andhanto dh±reti n±ma, ³naµµh±na½ p³rento maº¹eti n±ma, gandhavasenachavir±gavasena ca s±diyanto vibh³seti n±m±”ti vutta½. Paramatthajotik±ya½ panakhuddakaµµhakath±ya½ (khu. p±. aµµha. 2.pacchimapañcasikkh±padavaººan±) “m±l±d²su dh±raº±d²niyath±saªkhya½ yojetabb±n²”ti ettakameva vutta½. Ýh±na½ vuccati k±raºa½, tasm±y±ya duss²lyacetan±ya t±ni m±l±dh±raº±d²ni mah±jano karoti, s± dh±raºamaº¹anavibh³sanaµµh±na½.

Ucc±sayanamah±sayan±ti ettha ucc±ti ucca-saddena sam±nattha½ eka½ saddantara½. Seti etth±tisayana½, ucc±sayanañca mah±sayanañca ucc±sayanamah±sayana½. Ucc±sayana½ vuccati pam±º±tikkanta½mañc±di. Mah±sayana½ akappiyattharaºehi atthata½ ±sand±di. ¾sanañcettha sayanenevasaªgahitanti daµµhabba½. Yasm± pana ±dh±re paµikkhitte tad±dh±r± kiriy± paµikkhitt±vahoti, tasm± “ucc±sayanamah±sayan±” icceva vutta½, atthato pana tadupabhogabh³tanisajj±nipajjanehivirati dassit±ti daµµhabb±. Atha v± ucc±sayanamah±sayanasayan±ti etasmi½ atthe ekasesanayenaaya½ niddeso kato yath± “n±mar³papaccay± sa¼±yatanan”ti, ±sanakiriy±pubbakatt± sayanakiriy±yasayanaggahaºeneva ±sanampi gahitanti veditabba½.

J±tar³parajatapaµiggahaº±ti ettha j±tar³panti suvaººa½. Rajatanti kah±paºo loham±sakojatum±sako d±rum±sakoti ye voh±ra½ gacchanti, tassa ubhayassapi paµiggahaºa½ j±tar³parajatapaµiggahaºa½.Tividhañcettha paµiggahaºa½ k±yena v±c±ya manas±ti. Tattha k±yena paµiggahaºa½ uggaºhana½,v±c±ya paµiggahaºa½ uggah±pana½, manas± paµiggahaºa½ s±diyana½. Tividhampi paµiggahaºa½ s±maññaniddesenaekasesanayena v± gahetv± “paµiggahaº±”ti vutta½, tasm± neva uggahetu½ na uggah±petu½na upanikkhitta½ v± s±ditu½ vaµµati. Im±ni pana dasa sikkh±pad±ni gahaµµh±nampi s±dh±raº±ni.Vuttañheta½ visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 13) “up±saka-up±sik±na½ niccas²lavasenapañca sikkh±pad±ni, sati v± uss±he dasa, uposathaªgavasena aµµh±ti ida½ gahaµµhas²lan”ti.Ettha hi das±ti s±maºerehi rakkhitabbas²lam±ha ghaµik±r±d²na½ viya.Paramatthajotik±ya½ pana khuddakaµµhakath±ya½ (khu. p±. aµµha. 2.s±dh±raºavisesavavatth±na)“±dito dve catutthapañcam±ni up±sak±na½ s±maºer±nañca s±dh±raº±ni niccas²lavasena,uposathas²lavasena pana up±sak±na½ sattamaµµhama½ ceka½ aªga½ katv± sabbapacchimavajj±ni sabb±nipis±maºerehi s±dh±raº±ni, pacchima½ pana s±maºer±nameva visesabh³tan”ti vutta½, ta½“sati v± uss±he das±”ti imin± na sameti. N±sanavatth³ti liªgan±san±ya vatthu,adhiµµh±na½ k±raºanti vutta½ hoti.

107. Kint²ti kena nu kho up±yena. “Attano pariveºanti ida½ puggalika½sandh±ya vuttan”ti gaºµhipadesu vutta½. Ayamettha gaºµhipadak±r±na½ adhipp±yo–“vassaggena pattasen±sanan”ti imin± tassa vassaggena patta½ saªghikasen±sana½ vutta½,“attano pariveºan”ti imin±pi tasseva puggalikasen±sana½ vuttanti. Aya½ panetthaamh±ka½ khanti– “yattha v± vasat²”ti imin± saªghika½ v± hotu puggalika½ v±,tassa nibaddhavasanakasen±sana½ vutta½. “Yattha v± paµikkamat²”ti imin± pana ya½ ±cariyassaupajjh±yassa v± vasanaµµh±na½ upaµµh±n±dinimitta½ nibaddha½ pavisati, ta½ ±cariyupajjh±y±na½vasanaµµh±na½ vutta½. Tasm± tadubhaya½ dassetu½ “ubhayenapi attano pariveºañca vassaggenapattasen±sanañca vuttan”ti ±ha. Tattha attano pariveºanti imin± ±cariyupajjh±y±na½vasanaµµh±na½ dassita½, vassaggena pattasen±sananti imin± pana tassa vasanaµµh±na½. Tadubhayampisaªghika½ v± hotu puggalika½ v±, ±varaºa½ k±tabbamev±ti. Mukhadv±rikantimukhadv±rena bhuñjitabba½. Daº¹akamma½ katv±ti daº¹akamma½ yojetv±. Daº¹entivinenti eten±ti daº¹o, soyeva k±tabbatt± kammanti daº¹akamma½, ±varaº±di.

Sikkh±padadaº¹akammavatthukath±vaººan± niµµhit±.