Codan±ya kati m³l±ni, kati vatth³ni, kati bh³miyo? Codan±ya dve m³l±ni– sam³lik± v± am³lik± v±; t²ºi vatth³ni– diµµha½, suta½, parisaªkita½; pañca bh³miyo– k±lena vakkh±mi no ak±lena, bh³tena vakkh±mi no abh³tena, saºhena vakkh±mi no pharusena, atthasa½hitena vakkh±mi no anatthasa½hitena, mettacitto vakkh±mi no dosantaroti. Im±ya ca pana codan±ya codakena puggalena “parisuddhak±yasam±c±ro nu khomh²”ti-±din± (c³¼ava. 399) nayena up±lipañcake vuttesu pannarasasu dhammesu patiµµh±tabba½, cuditakena dv²su dhammesu patiµµh±tabba½ sacce ca akuppe c±ti.
Appeva n±ma na½ imamh± brahmacariy± c±veyyanti api eva n±ma na½ puggala½ imamh± seµµhacariy± c±veyya½, “s±dhu vatassa sac±ha½ ima½ puggala½ imamh± brahmacariy± c±veyyan”ti imin± adhipp±yena anuddha½seyy±ti vutta½hoti. Padabh±jane pana “brahmacariy± c±veyyan”ti imasseva pariy±yamattha½ dassetu½ “bhikkhubh±v± c±veyyan”ti-±di vutta½.
Khaº±d²ni samayavevacan±ni. Ta½ khaºa½ ta½ laya½ ta½ muhutta½ v²tivatteti tasmi½ khaºe tasmi½ laye tasmi½ muhutte v²tivatte. Bhummappattiy± hi ida½ upayogavacana½.
Samanugg±hiyam±naniddese yena vatthun± anuddha½sito hot²ti cat³su p±r±jikavatth³su yena vatthun± codakena cuditako anuddha½sito abhibh³to ajjhotthaµo hoti. Tasmi½ vatthusmi½ samanugg±hiyam±noti tasmi½ codakena vuttavatthusmi½ so codako anuvijjakena “ki½ te diµµha½, kinti te diµµhan”ti-±din± nayena anuvijjiyam±no v²ma½siyam±no upaparikkhiyam±no.
Asamanugg±hiyam±naniddese na kenaci vuccam±noti anuvijjakena v± aññena v± kenaci, atha v± diµµh±d²su vatth³su kenaci avuccam±no. Etesañca dvinna½ m±tik±pad±na½ parato “bhikkhu ca dosa½ patiµµh±t²”ti-imin± sambandho veditabbo. Idañhi vutta½ hoti– “eva½ samanugg±hiyam±no v± asamanugg±hiyam±no v± bhikkhu ca dosa½ patiµµh±ti paµicca tiµµhati paµij±n±ti saªgh±diseso”ti. Idañca am³lakabh±vassa p±kaµak±ladassanatthameva vutta½. ¾patti½ pana anuddha½sitakkhaºeyeva ±pajjati.
Id±ni “am³lakañceva ta½ adhikaraºa½ hot²”ti ettha yasm± am³lakalakkhaºa½ pubbe vutta½, tasm± ta½ avatv± apubbameva dassetu½ “adhikaraºa½ n±m±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha yasm± adhikaraºa½ adhikaraºaµµhena ekampi vatthuvasena n±n± hoti, tenassa ta½ n±natta½ dassetu½ “catt±ri adhikaraº±ni viv±d±dhikaraºan”ti-±dim±ha. Ko pana so adhikaraºaµµho, yeneta½ eka½ hot²ti? Samathehi adhikaraº²yat±. Tasm± ya½ adhikicca ±rabbha paµicca sandh±ya samath± vattanti, ta½ “adhikaraºan”ti veditabba½.
Aµµhakath±su pana vutta½– “adhikaraºanti keci g±ha½ vadanti, keci cetana½, keci akkhanti½ keci voh±ra½, keci paººattin”ti. Puna eva½ vic±rita½ “yadi g±ho adhikaraºa½ n±ma, eko att±d±na½ gahetv± sabh±gena bhikkhun± saddhi½ mantayam±no tattha ±d²nava½ disv± puna cajati, tassa ta½ adhikaraºa½ samathappatta½ bhavissati. Yadi cetan± adhikaraºa½, “ida½ att±d±na½ gaºh±m²”ti uppann± cetan± nirujjhati. Yadi akkhanti adhikaraºa½, akkhantiy± att±d±na½ gahetv±pi aparabh±ge vinicchaya½ alabham±no v± kham±pito v± cajati. Yadi voh±ro adhikaraºa½, kathento ±hiº¹itv± aparabh±ge tuºh² hoti niravo, evamassa ta½ adhikaraºa½ samathappatta½ bhavissati, tasm± paººatti adhikaraºanti.
Ta½ paneta½ “methunadhammap±r±jik±patti methunadhammap±r±jik±pattiy± tabbh±giy±…pe… eva½ ±patt±dhikaraºa½ ±patt±dhikaraºassa tabbh±giyanti ca viv±d±dhikaraºa½ siy± kusala½ siy± akusala½ siy± aby±katan”ti ca evam±d²hi virujjhati. Na hi te paººattiy± kusal±dibh±va½ icchanti, na ca “am³lakena p±r±jikena dhammen±”ti ettha ±gato p±r±jikadhammo paººatti n±ma hoti. Kasm±? Accanta-akusalatt±. Vuttampi heta½– “±patt±dhikaraºa½ siy± akusala½ siy± aby±katan”ti (pari. 303).
Yañceta½ “am³lakena p±r±jiken±”ti ettha am³laka½ p±r±jika½ niddiµµha½, tassev±ya½ “am³lakañceva ta½ adhikaraºa½ hot²”ti paµiniddeso, na paººattiy± na hi añña½ niddisitv± añña½ paµiniddisati. Yasm± pana y±ya paººattiy± yena abhil±pena codakena so puggalo p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pannoti paññatto, p±r±jikasaªkh±tassa adhikaraºassa am³lakatt± s±pi paññatti am³lik± hoti, adhikaraºe pavattatt± ca adhikaraºa½. Tasm± imin± pariy±yena paººatti “adhikaraºan”ti yujjeyya, yasm± v± ya½ am³laka½ n±ma adhikaraºa½ ta½ sabh±vato natthi, paññattimattameva atthi. Tasm±pi paººatti adhikaraºanti yujjeyya. Tañca kho idheva na sabbattha. Na hi viv±d±d²na½ paººatti adhikaraºa½. Adhikaraºaµµho pana tesa½ pubbe vuttasamathehi adhikaraº²yat±. Iti imin± adhikaraºaµµhena idhekacco viv±do viv±do ceva adhikaraºañc±ti viv±d±dhikaraºa½. Esa nayo sesesu
Tattha “idha bhikkh³ vivadanti dhammoti v± adhammoti v±”ti eva½ aµµh±rasa bhedakaravatth³ni niss±ya uppanno viv±do viv±d±dhikaraºa½. “Idha bhikkh³ bhikkhu½ anuvadanti s²lavipattiy± v±”ti eva½ catasso vipattiyo niss±ya uppanno anuv±do anuv±d±dhikaraºa½. “Pañcapi ±pattikkhandh± ±patt±dhikaraºa½, sattapi ±pattikkhandh± ±patt±dhikaraºan”ti eva½ ±pattiyeva ±patt±dhikaraºa½. “Y± saªghassa kiccayat± karaº²yat± apalokanakamma½ ñattikamma½ ñattidutiyakamma½ ñatticatutthakamman”ti (c³¼ava. 215) eva½ catubbidha½ saªghakicca½ kicc±dhikaraºanti veditabba½.
Imasmi½ panatthe p±r±jik±pattisaªkh±ta½ ±patt±dhikaraºameva adhippeta½. Ses±ni atthuddh±ravasena vutt±ni, ettak± hi adhikaraºasaddassa atth±. Tesu p±r±jikameva idha adhippeta½. Ta½ diµµh±d²hi m³lehi am³lakañceva adhikaraºa½ hoti. Ayañca bhikkhu dosa½ patiµµh±ti, paµicca tiµµhati “tucchaka½ may± bhaºitan”ti-±d²ni vadanto paµij±n±ti. Tassa bhikkhuno anuddha½sitakkhaºeyeva saªgh±disesoti aya½ t±vassa sapad±nukkamaniddesassa sikkh±padassa attho.
387. Id±ni y±ni t±ni saªkhepato diµµh±d²ni codan±vatth³ni vutt±ni, tesa½ vasena vitth±rato ±patti½ ropetv± dassento “adiµµhassa hot²”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha adiµµhassa hot²ti adiµµho assa hoti. Etena codakena adiµµho hoti, so puggalo p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pajjantoti attho. Esa nayo asutassa hot²ti-±d²supi.
Diµµho may±ti diµµhosi may±ti vutta½ hoti. Esa nayo suto may±ti-±d²supi. Sesa½ adiµµham³lake utt±natthameva. Diµµham³lake pana tañce codeti “suto may±”ti eva½ vutt±na½ sutt±d²na½ ±bh±vena am³lakatta½ veditabba½.
Sabbasmi½yeva ca imasmi½ codakav±re yath± idh±gatesu “p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pannosi, assamaºosi, asakyaputtiyos²”ti imesu vacanesu ekekassa vasena v±c±ya v±c±ya saªgh±diseso hoti, eva½ aññatra ±gatesu “duss²lo, p±padhammo, asucisaªkassarasam±c±ro, paµicchannakammanto assamaºo samaºapaµiñño, abrahmac±r² brahmac±ripaµiñño, antop³ti, avassuto, kasambuj±to”ti imesupi vacanesu ekekassa vasena v±c±ya v±c±ya saªgh±diseso hotiyeva.
“Natthi tay± saddhi½ uposatho v± pav±raº± v± saªghakamma½ v±”ti im±ni pana suddh±ni s²sa½ na enti, “duss²losi natthi tay± saddhi½ uposatho v±”ti eva½ duss²l±dipadesu pana “p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pannos²”ti-±dipadesu v± yena kenaci saddhi½ ghaµit±neva s²sa½ enti, saªgh±disesakar±ni honti.
Mah±padumatthero pan±ha– “na kevala½ idha p±¼iya½ an±gat±ni ‘duss²lo p±padhammo’ti-±dipad±neva s²sa½ enti, ‘koºµhosi mah±s±maºerosi, mah±-up±sakosi, jeµµhabbatikosi, nigaºµhosi, ±j²vakosi, t±pasosi, paribb±jakosi, paº¹akosi, theyyasa½v±sakosi, titthiyapakkantakosi, tiracch±nagatosi, m±tugh±takosi, pitugh±takosi, arahantagh±takosi, saªghabhedakosi, lohitupp±dakosi, bhikkhun²d³sakosi, ubhatobyañjanaka-os²’ti im±nipi s²sa½ entiyev±”ti. Mah±padumattheroyeva ca “diµµhe vematikoti-±d²su yadaggena vematiko tadaggena no kappeti, yadaggena no kappeti tadaggena nassarati, yadaggena nassarati tadaggena pamuµµho hot²”ti vadati.
Mah±sumatthero pana ekeka½ dvidh± bhinditv± catunnampi p±µekka½ naya½ dasseti. Katha½? Diµµhe vematikoti aya½ t±va dassane v± vematiko hoti puggale v±, tattha “diµµho nukho may± na diµµho”ti eva½ dassane vematiko hoti. “Aya½ nukho may± diµµho añño”ti eva½ puggale vematiko hoti. Eva½ dassana½ v± no kappeti puggala½ v±, dassana½ v± nassarati puggala½ v±, dassana½ v± pamuµµho hoti puggala½ v±. Ettha ca vematikoti vimatij±to. No kappet²ti na saddahati. Nassarat²ti as±riyam±no nassarati. Yad± pana ta½ “asukasmi½ n±ma bhante µh±ne asukasmi½ n±ma k±le”ti s±renti tad± sarati. Pamuµµhoti yo tehi tehi up±yehi s±riyam±nopi nassaratiyev±ti Etenevup±yena cod±pakav±ropi veditabbo, kevalañhi tattha “may±”ti parih²na½, sesa½ codakav±rasadisameva.
389. Tato para½ ±pattibheda½ an±pattibhedañca dassetu½ “asuddhe suddhadiµµh²”ti-±dika½ catukka½ µhapetv± ekameka½ pada½ cat³hi cat³hi bhedehi niddiµµha½, ta½ sabba½ p±¼inayeneva sakk± j±nitu½. Kevala½ hetth±dhipp±yabhedo veditabbo. Ayañhi adhipp±yo n±ma– c±van±dhipp±yo, akkos±dhipp±yo, kamm±dhipp±yo, vuµµh±n±dhipp±yo, uposathapav±raºaµµhapan±dhipp±yo, anuvijjan±dhipp±yo, dhammakath±dhipp±yoti anekavidho. Tattha purimesu cat³su adhipp±yesu ok±sa½ ak±r±pentassa dukkaµa½. Ok±sa½ k±r±petv±pi ca sammukh± am³lakena p±r±jikena anuddha½sentassa saªgh±diseso. Am³lakena saªgh±disesena anuddha½sentassa p±cittiya½. ¾c±ravipattiy± anuddha½sentassa dukkaµa½. Akkos±dhipp±yena vadantassa p±cittiya½. Asammukh± pana sattahipi ±pattikkhandhehi vadantassa dukkaµa½. Asammukh± eva sattavidhampi kamma½ karontassa dukkaµameva.
Kurundiya½ pana “vuµµh±n±dhipp±yena ‘tva½ ima½ n±ma ±patti½ ±panno ta½ paµikaroh²’ti vadantassa ok±sakicca½ natth²”ti vutta½. Sabbattheva pana “uposathapav±raºa½ µhapentassa ok±sakamma½ natth²”ti vutta½. Ýhapanakkhetta½ pana j±nitabba½. “Suº±tu me bhante saªgho ajjuposatho pannaraso yadi saªghassa pattakalla½ saªgho uposatha½ kareyya”ti etasmiñhi re-k±re anatikkanteyeva µhapetu½ labbhati. Tato para½ pana yya-k±re patte na labbhati. Esa nayo pav±raº±ya. Anuvijjakass±pi osaµe vatthusmi½ “attheta½ tav±”ti anuvijjan±dhipp±yena vadantassa ok±sakamma½ natthi.
Dhammakathikass±pi dhamm±sane nis²ditv± “yo idañcidañca karoti, aya½ bhikkhu assamaºo”ti-±din± nayena anodissa dhamma½ kathentassa ok±sakamma½ natthi. Sace pana odissa niyametv± “asuko ca asuko ca assamaºo anup±sako”ti katheti, dhamm±sanato orohitv± ±patti½ desetv± gantabba½. Ya½ pana tattha tattha “anok±sa½ k±r±petv±”ti vutta½ tassa ok±sa½ ak±r±petv±ti evamattho veditabbo, na hi koci anok±so n±ma atthi, yamok±sa½ k±r±petv± ±patti½ ±pajjati, ok±sa½ pana ak±r±petv± ±pajjat²ti. Sesa½ utt±nameva.
Samuµµh±n±d²su tisamuµµh±na½– k±yacittato, v±c±cittato, k±yav±c±cittato ca samuµµh±ti. Kiriya½, saññ±vimokkha½, sacittaka½, lokavajja½, k±yakamma½, vac²kamma½, akusalacitta½, dukkhavedananti.

Paµhamaduµµhadosasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.