4. Catutthap±r±jika½

Catusaccavid³ satth±, catuttha½ ya½ pak±sayi;
p±r±jika½ tassa d±ni, patto sa½vaººan±kkamo.
Yasm± tasm± suviññeyya½, ya½ pubbe ca pak±sita½;
ta½ vajjayitv± ass±pi, hoti sa½vaººan± aya½.

Vaggumud±t²riyabhikkhuvatthuvaººan±

193. Tena samayena buddho bhagav± ves±liya½ viharati…pe… gih²na½ kammanta½ adhiµµhem±ti gih²na½ khettesu ceva ±r±m±d²su ca kattabbakicca½ adhiµµh±ma; “eva½ k±tabba½, eva½ na k±tabban”ti ±cikkh±ma ceva anus±s±ma c±ti vutta½ hoti. D³teyyanti d³takamma½. Uttarimanussadhammass±ti manusse uttiººadhammassa; manusse atikkamitv± brahmatta½ v± nibb±na½ v± p±panakadhammass±ti attho. Uttarimanuss±na½ v± seµµhapuris±na½ jh±y²nañca ariy±nañca dhammassa. Asuko bhikkh³ti-±d²su attan± eva½ mantayitv± pacch± gih²na½ bh±sant± “buddharakkhito n±ma bhikkhu paµhamassa jh±nassa l±bh², dhammarakkhito dutiyass±”ti eva½ n±mavaseneva vaººa½ bh±si½s³ti veditabbo. Tattha esoyeva kho ±vuso seyyoti kammant±dhiµµh±na½ d³teyyaharaºañca bahusapatta½ mah±sam±rambha½ na ca samaºas±ruppa½. Tato pana ubhayatopi eso eva seyyo p±sa½sataro sundarataro yo amh±ka½ gih²na½ aññamaññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaººo bh±sito. Ki½ vutta½ hoti? Iriy±patha½ saºµhapetv± nisinna½ v± caªkamanta½ v± pucchant±na½ v± apucchant±na½ v± gih²na½ “aya½ asuko n±ma bhikkhu paµhamassa jh±nassa l±bh²”ti evam±din± nayena yo amh±ka½ aññena aññassa uttarimanussadhammassa vaººo bh±sito bhavissati, eso eva seyyoti. An±gatasambandhe pana asati na etehi so tasmi½ khaºe bh±sitova yasm± na yujjati, tasm± an±gatasambandha½ katv± “yo eva½ bh±sito bhavissati, so eva seyyo”ti evamettha attho veditabbo. Lakkhaºa½ pana saddasatthato pariyesitabba½.

194. Vaººav± ahesunti aññoyeva nesa½ abhinavo sar²ravaººo uppajji, tena vaººena vaººavanto ahesu½. P²ºindriy±ti pañcahi pas±dehi abhiniviµµhok±sassa paripuººatt± manacchaµµh±na½ indriy±na½ amil±tabh±vena p²ºindriy±. Pasannamukhavaºº±ti kiñc±pi avisesena vaººavanto sar²ravaººato pana nesa½ mukhavaººo adhikatara½ pasanno; accho an±vilo parisuddhoti attho. Vippasannachavivaºº±ti yena ca te mah±kaºik±rapupph±disadisena vaººena vaººavanto, t±diso aññesampi manuss±na½ vaººo atthi. Yath± pana imesa½; eva½ na tesa½ chavivaººo vippasanno. Tena vutta½– “vippasannachavivaºº±”ti. Itiha te bhikkh³ neva uddesa½ na paripuccha½ na kammaµµh±na½ anuyuñjant±. Atha kho kuhakat±ya abh³taguºasa½vaººan±ya laddh±ni paº²tabhojan±ni bhuñjitv± yath±sukha½ nidd±r±mata½ saªgaºik±r±matañca anuyuñjant± ima½ sar²rasobha½ p±puºi½su, yath± ta½ b±l± bhantamigappaµibh±g±ti.

Vaggumud±t²riy±ti vaggumud±t²rav±sino. Kacci bhikkhave khaman²yanti bhikkhave kacci tumh±ka½ ida½ catucakka½ navadv±ra½ sar²rayanta½ khaman²ya½ sakk± khamitu½ sahitu½ pariharitu½ na kiñci dukkha½ upp±det²ti. Kacci y±pan²yanti kacci sabbakiccesu y±petu½ gametu½ sakk±, na kiñci antar±ya½ dasset²ti. Kucchi parikantoti kucchi parikantito vara½ bhaveyya; “parikatto”tipi p±µho yujjati. Eva½ vaggumud±t²riye anekapariy±yena vigarahitv± id±ni yasm± tehi katakamma½ corakamma½ hoti, tasm± ±yati½ aññesampi evar³passa kammassa akaraºattha½ atha kho bhagav± bhikkh³ ±mantesi.

195. ¾mantetv± ca pana “pañcime bhikkhave mah±cor±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha santo sa½vijjam±n±ti atthi ceva upalabbhanti c±ti vutta½ hoti. Idh±ti imasmi½ sattaloke. Eva½ hot²ti eva½ pubbabh±ge icch± uppajjati. Kud±ssu n±m±hanti ettha su-iti nip±to; kud± n±m±ti attho. So aparena samayen±ti so pubbabh±ge eva½ cintetv± anukkamena parisa½ va¹¹hento panthad³hanakamma½ paccantimag±mavilopanti evam±d²ni katv± vepullappattapariso hutv± g±mepi ag±me, janapadepi ajanapade karonto hananto gh±tento chindanto ched±pento pacanto p±cento.

Iti b±hirakamah±cora½ dassetv± tena sadise s±sane pañca mah±core dassetu½ “evameva kho”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha p±pabhikkhunoti aññesu µh±nesu m³lacchinno p±r±jikappatto “p±pabhikkh³”ti vuccati. Idha pana p±r±jika½ an±panno icch±c±re µhito khudd±nukhuddak±ni sikkh±pad±ni madditv± vicaranto “p±pabhikkh³”ti adhippeto. Tass±pi b±hirakacorassa viya pubbabh±ge eva½ hoti– “kud±ssu n±m±ha½…pe… parikkh±r±nan”ti. Tattha sakkatoti sakk±rappatto. Garukatoti garuk±rappatto. M±nitoti manas± piy±yito. P³jitoti catupaccay±bhih±rap³j±ya p³jito. Apacitoti apacitippatto. Tattha yassa catt±ro paccaye sakkaritv± suµµhu abhisaªkhate paº²tapaº²te katv± denti, so sakkato. Yasmi½ garubh±va½ paccupetv± denti, so garukato. Ya½ manas± piy±yanti, so m±nito. Yassa sabbampeta½ karonti, so p³jito. Yassa abhiv±danapaccuµµh±na-añjalikamm±divasena paramanipaccak±ra½ karonti, so apacito. Imassa ca pana sabbampi ima½ lok±misa½ patthayam±nassa eva½ hoti.

So aparena samayen±ti so pubbabh±ge eva½ cintetv± anukkamena sikkh±ya atibbag±rave uddhate unna¼e capale mukhare vikiººav±ce muµµhassat² asampaj±ne p±katindriye ±cariyupajjh±yehi pariccattake l±bhagaruke p±pabhikkh³ saªgaºhitv± iriy±pathasaºµhapan±d²ni kuhakavatt±ni sikkh±petv± “aya½ thero asukasmi½ n±ma sen±sane vassa½ upagamma vattapaµipatti½ p³rayam±no vassa½ vasitv± niggato”ti lokasammatasen±sanasa½vaººan±d²hi up±yehi loka½ parip±cetu½ paµibalehi j±tak±d²su kataparicayehi sarasampannehi p±pabhikkh³hi sa½vaººiyam±naguºo hutv± satena v± sahassena v± parivuto…pe… bhesajjaparikkh±r±na½. Aya½ bhikkhave paµhamo mah±coroti aya½ sandhicched±dicorako viya na eka½ kula½ na dve, atha kho mah±jana½ vañcetv± catupaccayagahaºato “paµhamo mah±coro”ti veditabbo. Ye pana suttantik± v± ±bhidhammik± v± vinayadhar± v± bhikkh³ bhikkh±c±re asampajjam±ne p±¼i½ v±cent± aµµhakatha½ kathent± anumodan±ya dhammakath±ya iriy±pathasampattiy± ca loka½ pas±dent± janapadac±rika½ caranti sakkat± garukat± m±nit± p³jit± apacit±, te “tantipaveºighaµanak± s±sanajotak±”ti veditabb±.

Tath±gatappaveditanti tath±gatena paµividdha½ paccakkhakata½ j±n±pita½ v±. Attano dahat²ti parisamajjhe p±¼iñca aµµhakathañca sa½sanditv± madhurena sarena pas±dan²ya½ suttanta½ kathetv± dhammakath±vasena acchariyabbhutaj±tena viññ³janena “aho, bhante, p±¼i ca aµµhakath± ca suparisuddh±, kassa santike uggaºhitth±”ti pucchito “ko amh±dise uggah±petu½ samattho”ti ±cariya½ anuddisitv± attan± paµividdha½ sayambhuñ±º±dhigata½ dhammavinaya½ pavedeti. Aya½ tath±gatena satasahassakapp±dhik±ni catt±ri asaªkheyy±ni p±ramiyo p³retv± kicchena kasirena paµividdhadhammatthenako dutiyo mah±coro.

Suddha½ brahmac±rinti kh²º±savabhikkhu½. Parisuddha½ brahmacariya½ carantanti nirupakkilesa½ seµµhacariya½ caranta½; aññampi v± an±g±mi½ ±di½ katv± y±va s²lavanta½ puthujjana½ avippaµis±r±divatthuka½ parisuddha½ brahmacariya½ caranta½. Am³lakena abrahmacariyena anuddha½set²ti tasmi½ puggale avijjam±nena antimavatthun± anuvadati codeti; aya½ vijjam±naguºamakkh² ariyaguºatthenako tatiyo mah±coro.

Garubhaº¹±ni garuparikkh±r±n²ti yath± adinn±d±ne “caturo jan± sa½vidh±ya garubhaº¹a½ av±harun”ti (pari. 479) ettha pañcam±sakagghanaka½ “garubhaº¹an”ti vuccati, idha pana na eva½. Atha kho “pañcim±ni, bhikkhave, avissajjiy±ni na vissajjetabb±ni saªghena v± gaºena v± puggalena v±. Vissajjit±nipi avissajjit±ni honti. Yo vissajjeyya, ±patti thullaccayassa. Katam±ni pañca? ¾r±mo, ±r±mavatthu…pe… d±rubhaº¹a½, mattik±bhaº¹an”ti vacanato avissajjitabbatt± garubhaº¹±ni. “Pañcim±ni, bhikkhave, avebhaªgiy±ni na vibhajitabb±ni saªghena v± gaºena v± puggalena v±. Vibhatt±nipi avibhatt±ni honti. Yo vibhajeyya, ±patti thullaccayassa. Katam±ni pañca? ¾r±mo, ±r±mavatthu…pe… d±rubhaº¹a½, mattik±bhaº¹an”ti (c³¼ava. 322) vacanato avebhaªgiyatt± s±dh±raºaparikkh±rabh±vena garuparikkh±r±ni. ¾r±mo ±r±mavatth³ti-±d²su ya½ vattabba½ ta½ sabba½ “pañcim±ni, bhikkhave, avissajjiy±n²”ti khandhake ±gatasuttavaººan±yameva bhaºiss±ma. Tehi gih² saªgaºh±t²ti t±ni datv± datv± gih²½ saªgaºh±ti anuggaºh±ti. Upal±pet²ti “aho amh±ka½ ayyo”ti eva½ lapanake anubandhanake sasnehe karoti. Aya½ avissajjiya½ avebhaªgiyañca garuparikkh±ra½ tath±bh±vato thenetv± gihi saªgaºhanako catuttho mah±coro. So ca pan±ya½ ima½ garubhaº¹a½ kulasaªgaºhanattha½ vissajjento kulad³sakadukkaµa½ ±pajjati. Pabb±jan²yakamm±raho ca hoti. Bhikkhusaªgha½ abhibhavitv± issaravat±ya vissajjento thullaccaya½ ±pajjati. Theyyacittena vissajjento bhaº¹a½ aggh±petv± k±retabboti.

Aya½ aggo mah±coroti aya½ imesa½ cor±na½ jeµµhacoro; imin± sadiso coro n±ma natthi, yo pañcindriyaggahaº±t²ta½ atisaºhasukhuma½ lokuttaradhamma½ theneti. Ki½ pana sakk± lokuttaradhammo hiraññasuvaºº±d²ni viya vañcetv± thenetv± gahetunti? Na sakk±, tenev±ha– “yo asanta½ abh³ta½ uttarimanussadhamma½ ullapat²”ti. Ayañhi attani asanta½ ta½ dhamma½ kevala½ “atthi mayha½ eso”ti ullapati, na pana sakkoti µh±n± c±vetu½, attani v± sa½vijjam±na½ k±tu½. Atha kasm± coroti vuttoti? Yasm± ta½ ullapitv± asantasambh±van±ya uppanne paccaye gaºh±ti. Evañhi gaºhat± te paccay± sukhumena up±yena vañcetv± thenetv± gahit± honti. Tenev±ha– “ta½ kissa hetu? Theyy±ya vo bhikkhave raµµhapiº¹o bhutto”ti. Ayañhi ettha attho– ya½ avocumha– “aya½ aggo mah±coro, yo asanta½ abh³ta½ uttarimanussadhamma½ ullapat²”ti Ta½ kissa het³ti kena k±raºena eta½ avocumh±ti ce. “Theyy±ya vo bhikkhave raµµhapiº¹o bhutto”ti bhikkhave yasm± so tena raµµhapiº¹o theyy±ya theyyacittena bhutto hoti. Ettha hi vok±ro “ye hi vo ariy± araññavanapatth±n²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.35-36) viya padap³raºamatte nip±to. Tasm± “tumhehi bhutto”ti evamassa attho na daµµhabbo.

Id±ni tamevattha½ g±th±hi vibh³tatara½ karonto “aññath± santan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha aññath± santanti aparisuddhak±yasam±c±r±dikena aññen±k±rena santa½. Aññath± yo pavedayeti parisuddhak±yasam±c±r±dikena aññena ±k±rena yo pavedeyya. “Paramaparisuddho aha½, atthi me abbhantare lokuttaradhammo”ti eva½ j±n±peyya. Pavedetv± ca pana t±ya pavedan±ya uppanna½ bhojana½ arah± viya bhuñjati. Nikacca kitavasseva bhutta½ theyyena tassa tanti nikacc±ti vañcetv± aññath± santa½ aññath± dassetv±. Agumba-agacchabh³tameva s±kh±pal±sapallav±dicch±danena gumbamiva gacchamiva ca att±na½ dassetv±. Kitavassev±ti vañcakassa ker±µikassa gumbagacchasaññ±ya araññe ±gat±gate sakuºe gahetv± j²vitakappakassa s±kuºikasseva. Bhutta½ theyyena tassa tanti tass±pi anarahantasseva sato arahantabh±va½ dassetv± laddhabhojana½ bhuñjato; ya½ ta½ bhutta½ ta½ yath± s±kuºikakitavassa nikacca vañcetv± sakuºaggahaºa½, eva½ manusse vañcetv± laddhassa bhojanassa bhuttatt± theyyena bhutta½ n±ma hoti.

Ima½ pana atthavasa½ aj±nant± ye eva½ bhuñjanti, k±s±vakaºµh±…pe… niraya½ te upapajjare k±s±vakaºµh±ti k±s±vena veµhitakaºµh±. Ettakameva ariyaddhajadh±raºamatta½, sesa½ s±mañña½ natth²ti vutta½ hoti. “Bhavissanti kho pan±nanda an±gatamaddh±na½ gotrabhuno k±s±vakaºµh±”ti (ma. ni. 3.380) eva½ vuttaduss²l±na½ eta½ adhivacana½. P±padhamm±ti l±makadhamm±. Asaññat±ti k±y±d²hi asaññat±. P±p±ti l±makapuggal±. P±pehi kammeh²ti tehi karaºak±le ±d²nava½ adisv± katehi paravañcan±d²hi p±pakammehi. Niraya½ te upapajjareti nirass±da½ duggati½ te upapajjanti; tasm± seyyo ayogu¼oti g±th±. Tassattho– sac±ya½ duss²lo asaññato icch±c±re µhito kuhan±ya loka½ vañcako puggalo tatta½ aggisikh³pama½ ayogu¼a½ bhuñjeyya ajjhohareyya, tassa yañceta½ raµµhapiº¹a½ bhuñjeyya, yañceta½ ayogu¼a½, tesu dv²su ayogu¼ova bhutto seyyo sundarataro paº²tataro ca bhaveyya, na hi ayogu¼assa bhuttatt± sampar±ye sabbaññutañ±ºen±pi dujj±napariccheda½ dukkha½ anubhavati. Eva½ paµiladdhassa pana tassa raµµhapiº¹assa bhuttatt± sampar±ye vuttappak±ra½ dukkha½ anubhoti, ayañhi koµippatto micch±j²voti.

Eva½ p±pakiriy±ya an±d²navadass±v²na½ ±d²nava½ dassetv± “atha kho bhagav± vaggumud±t²riye bhikkh³ anekapariy±yena vigarahitv± dubbharat±ya dupposat±ya…pe… ima½ sikkh±pada½ uddiseyy±th±”ti ca vatv± catutthap±r±jika½ paññapento “yo pana bhikkhu anabhij±nan”ti ±dim±ha.

Eva½ m³lacchejjavasena da¼ha½ katv± catutthap±r±jike paññatte aparampi anuppaññattatth±ya adhim±navatthu udap±di. Tassuppattid²panattha½ eta½ vutta½– “evañcida½ bhagavat± bhikkh³na½ sikkh±pada½ paññatta½ hot²”ti.