4. Dhammaµµhitiñ±ºaniddesavaººan±
45. Dhammaµµhitiñ±ºaniddese avijj±saªkh±r±na½ upp±daµµhit²ti-±d²su tiµµhanti et±ya saªkh±r±ti µhiti. K± s±? Avijj±. S± hi saªkh±r±na½ upp±d±ya nibbattiy± µhiti k±raºanti upp±daµµhiti. Uppann±na½ pavattiy±pi k±raºanti pavattaµµhiti. Kiñc±pi hi janakapaccayassa jananakkhaºeyeva kicc±nubh±vo hoti, tena pana janit±na½yeva pavattatt± sakakkhaºe pavattiy±pi k±raºa½ n±ma hoti, santativasena v± pavattiy± k±raºanti attho Pavattanti ca napu½sake bh±vavacanameta½, tasm± pavatta½ pavatt²ti atthato eka½. Pavattisaddassa pana p±kaµatt± tena yojetv± attho vutto. Bh±vepi µhitisaddassa sijjhanato na idha bh±ve µhitisaddo, k±raºe µhitisaddoti dassanatta½ nimittaµµhit²ti vutta½, nimittabh³t± µhit²ti attho, k±raºabh³t±ti vutta½ hoti. Na kevala½ nimittamatta½ hoti, atha kho saªkh±rajanane saby±p±r± viya hutv± ±y³hati v±yamat²ti paccayasamatthata½ dassento ±y³hanaµµhit²ti ±ha, ±y³hanabh³t± µhit²ti attho. Yasm± avijj± saªkh±re upp±dayam±n± upp±de sa½yojeti n±ma, ghaµet²ti attho. Saªkh±re pavattayam±n± pavattiya½ palibundhati n±ma, bandhat²ti attho. Tasm± saññogaµµhiti palibodhaµµhit²ti vutt±. Saññogabh³t± µhiti, palibodhabh³t± µhit²ti attho. Yasm± avijj±va saªkh±re upp±dayam±n± upp±d±ya pavattiy± ca m³lak±raºaµµhena samudayo n±ma, samudayabh³t± µhit²ti samudayaµµhiti, m³lak±raºabh³t± µhit²ti attho. Avijj±va saªkh±r±na½ upp±de janakapaccayatt±, pavattiya½ upatthambhakapaccayatt± hetuµµhiti paccayaµµhit²ti vutt±, hetubh³t± µhiti, paccayabh³t± µhit²ti attho. Janakapaccayo hi het³ti, upatthambhako paccayoti vuccati. Eva½ sesesupi yojetabba½. Bhavo j±tiy±, j±ti jar±maraºass±ti ettha pana upp±daµµhiti saññogaµµhiti hetuµµhit²ti upp±davasena yojit±ni pad±ni j±tijar±maraºavant±na½ khandh±na½ vasena pariy±yena vutt±n²ti veditabb±ni. Keci pana “upp±d±ya µhiti upp±daµµhit²”ti evam±din± nayenettha attha½ vaººayanti. Avijj± paccayoti avijj±ya saªkh±r±na½ paccayabh±va½ apekkhitv± vutta½. Avijj±yapi paccayasambh³tatt± tass± api paccayapariggahaºadassanattha½ ubhopete dhamm± paccayasamuppann±ti paccayapariggahe paññ±ti vutta½. Eva½ sesesupi yojetabba½. J±ti paccayo, jar±maraºa½ paccayasamuppannanti pana pariy±yena vutta½. At²tampi addh±nanti atikkantampi k±la½. An±gatampi addh±nanti appattampi k±la½. Ubhayatth±pi accantasa½yogatthe upayogavacana½. 46. Id±ni nav±k±rav±r±nantara½ te nav±k±re vih±ya hetupaµiccapaccayapadeheva yojetv± avijj± hetu, saªkh±r± hetusamuppann±ti-±dayo tayo v±r± niddiµµh±. Nav±k±rav±re janaka-upatthambhakavasena paccayo vutto. Idha pana hetuv±rassa paccayav±rassa ca visu½ ±gatatt± het³ti janakapaccayatta½, paccayoti upatthambhakapaccayatta½ veditabba½ ekekass±pi avijj±dikassa paccayassa ubhayath± sambhavato. Paµiccav±re avijj± paµicc±ti attano upp±de saªkh±r±na½ avijj±pekkhatt± saªkh±rehi avijj± paµimukha½ etabb± gantabb±ti paµicc±. Etena avijj±ya saªkh±rupp±danasamatthat± vutt± hoti. Saªkh±r± paµiccasamuppann±ti saªkh±r± avijja½ paµicca tadabhimukha½ pavattanato paµimukha½ katv± na vih±ya sama½ uppann±. Eva½ sesesupi liªg±nur³pena yojetabba½. Avijj± paµicc±ti ussukkavasena v± p±µho, attho panettha avijj± attano paccaye paµicca pavatt±ti p±µhasesavasena yojetabbo. Eva½ sesesupi. Cat³supi ca etesu v±resu dv±dasanna½ paµiccasamupp±daªg±na½ paccayasseva vasena dhammaµµhitiñ±ºassa niddisitabbatt± avijj±d²na½ ek±dasanna½yeva aªg±na½ vasena dhammaµµhitiñ±ºa½ niddiµµha½, jar±maraºassa pana ante µhitatt± tassa vasena na niddiµµha½. Jar±maraºass±pi sokaparidevadukkhadomanassup±y±s±na½ paccayatt± jar±maraºa½ tesa½ paccaya½ katv± upaparikkham±nassa tass±pi jar±maraºassa vasena dhammaµµhitiñ±ºa½ yujjateva. 47. Id±ni t±neva dv±dasa paµiccasamupp±daªg±ni v²sati-±k±ravasena vibhajitv± catusaªkhepatiyaddhatisandhiyo dassetv± dhammaµµhitiñ±ºa½ niddisituk±mo purimakammabhavasminti-±dim±ha. Tattha purimakammabhavasminti purime kammabhave, at²taj±tiya½ kammabhave kariyam±neti attho. Moho avijj±ti yo tad± dukkh±d²su moho, yena m³¼ho kamma½ karoti, s± avijj±. ¾y³han± saªkh±r±ti ta½ kamma½ karontassa purimacetan±yo, yath± “d±na½ dass±m²”ti citta½ upp±detv± m±sampi sa½vaccharampi d±n³pakaraº±ni sajjentassa uppann± purimacetan±yo. Paµigg±hak±na½ pana hatthe dakkhiºa½ patiµµh±payato cetan± bhavoti vuccati. Ek±vajjanesu v± chasu javanesu cetan± ±y³han± saªkh±r± n±ma, sattamajavane cetan± bhavo. Y± k±ci v± pana cetan± bhavo, ta½sampayutt± ±y³han± saªkh±r± n±ma. Nikanti taºh±ti y± kamma½ karontassa tassa phale upapattibhave nik±man± patthan±, s± taºh± n±ma. Upagamana½ up±d±nanti ya½ kammabhavassa paccayabh³ta½ “imasmi½ n±ma kamme kate k±m± sampajjant²”ti v± “ida½ katv± asukasmi½ n±ma µh±ne k±me seviss±m²”ti v± “att± ucchinno su-ucchinno hot²”ti v± “sukh² hoti½ vigatapari¼±ho”ti v± “s²labbata½ sukhena parip³rat²”ti v± pavatta½ upagamana½ da¼hagahaºa½, ida½ up±d±na½ n±ma. Cetan± bhavoti ±y³han±vas±ne vutt± cetan± bhavo n±ma. Purimakammabhavasminti at²taj±tiy± kammabhave kariyam±ne pavatt±. Idha paµisandhiy± paccay±ti paccuppannapaµisandhiy± paccayabh³t±. Idha paµisandhi viññ±ºanti ya½ paccuppannabhavassa bhavantarapaµisandh±navasena uppannatt± paµisandh²ti vuccati, ta½ viññ±ºa½. Okkanti n±mar³panti y± gabbhe r³p±r³padhamm±na½ okkanti ±gantv± pavisana½ viya, ida½ n±mar³pa½. Pas±do ±yatananti yo pasannabh±vo, ida½ ±yatana½. J±tiggahaºena ekavacana½ kata½. Etena cakkh±d²ni pañc±yatan±ni vutt±ni. “Pabhassaramida½, bhikkhave, citta½, tañca kho ±gantukehi upakkilesehi upakkiliµµhan”ti (a. ni. 1.49) ettha bhavaªgacitta½ adhippetanti vacanato idh±pi man±yatanassa vip±kabh³tatt±, tassa ca kilesak±lussiy±bh±vena pasannatt± pas±davacanena man±yatanampi vuttanti veditabba½. Phuµµho phassoti yo ±rammaºa½ phuµµho phusanto uppanno, aya½ phasso. Vedayita½ vedan±ti ya½ paµisandhiviññ±ºena v± sa¼±yatanapaccayena v± phassena saha uppanna½ vip±kavedayita½, aya½ vedan±. Idhupapattibhavasmi½ purekatassa kammassa paccay±ti paccuppanne vip±kabhave at²taj±tiya½ katassa kammassa paccayena pavattant²ti attho. Idha paripakkatt± ±yatan±nanti paripakk±yatanassa kammakaraºak±le moh±dayo dassit±. ¾yati½ paµisandhiy±ti an±gate paµisandhiy±. ¾yati½ paµisandhi viññ±ºanti-±d²ni vuttatth±ni. Katha½ pana dv±dasahi paµiccasamupp±daªgehi ime v²sati ±k±r± gahit± hont²ti? Avijj± saªkh±r±ti ime dve at²tahetuyo sar³pato vutt±. Yasm± pana avidv± paritassati, paritassito up±diyati, tassup±d±napaccay± bhavo, tasm± tehi dv²hi gahitehi taºhup±d±nabhav±pi gahit±va honti. Paccuppanne viññ±ºan±mar³pasa¼±yatanaphassavedan± sar³pato vutt±yeva. Taºhup±d±nabhav± paccuppannahetuyo sar³pato vutt± Bhave pana gahite tassa pubbabh±g± ta½sampayutt± v± saªkh±r± gahit±va honti, taºhup±d±naggahaºena ca ta½sampayutt±. Y±ya v± m³¼ho kamma½ karoti, s± avijj± gahit±va hoti. An±gate j±ti jar±maraºanti dve sar³pena vutt±ni, j±tijar±maraºaggahaºeneva pana viññ±º±d²ni pañca an±gataphal±ni gahit±neva honti. Tesa½yeva hi j±tijar±maraº±n²ti eva½ dv±dasahi aªgehi v²sati ±k±r± gahit± honti.
“At²te hetavo pañca, id±ni phalapañcaka½;
id±ni hetavo pañca, ±yati½ phalapañcakan”ti.–
G±th±ya ayamevattho vutto. Itimeti iti ime. Iti imeti v± p±µho.
Catusaªkhepeti caturo r±s². At²te pañca hetudhamm± eko hetusaªkhepo, paccuppanne pañca phaladhamm± eko phalasaªkhepo, paccuppanne pañca hetudhamm± eko hetusaªkhepo, an±gate pañca phaladhamm± eko phalasaªkhepo. Tayo addheti tayo k±le. Paµhamapañcakavasena at²tak±lo, dutiyatatiyapañcakavasena paccuppannak±lo, catutthapañcakavasena an±gatak±lo veditabbo. Tisandhinti tayo sandhayo ass±ti tisandhi, ta½ tisandhi½. At²tahetupaccuppannaphal±namantar± eko hetuphalasandhi, paccuppannaphala-an±gatahet³namantar± eko phalahetusandhi, paccuppannahetu-an±gataphal±namantar± eko hetuphalasandhi. Paµiccasamupp±dap±¼iya½ sar³pato ±gatavasena pana avijj±saªkh±r± eko saªkhepo, viññ±ºan±mar³pasa¼±yatanaphassavedan± dutiyo, taºhup±d±nabhav± tatiyo, j±tijar±maraºa½ catuttho. Avijj±saªkh±r±ti dve aªg±ni at²tak±l±ni, viññ±º±d²ni bhav±vas±n±ni aµµha paccuppannak±l±ni j±tijar±maraºanti dve an±gatak±l±ni. Saªkh±raviññ±º±na½ antar± eko hetuphalasandhi, vedan±taºh±namantar± eko phalahetusandhi, bhavaj±t²namantar± eko hetuphalasandhi. V²satiy± ±k±reh²ti v²satiy± koµµh±sehi. Catusaªkhepe ca tayo addhe ca tisandhi½ paµiccasamupp±dañca v²satiy± ±k±rehi j±n±t²ti sambandho. J±n±t²ti sut±nus±rena bh±van±rambhañ±ºena j±n±ti. Passat²ti ñ±tameva cakkhun± diµµha½ viya hatthatale ±malaka½ viya ca phuµa½ katv± ñ±ºeneva passati. Aññ±t²ti diµµhamariy±deneva ±sevana½ karonto ñ±ºeneva j±n±ti. Mariy±dattho hi ettha ±k±ro. Paµivijjhat²ti bh±van±p±rip³riy± niµµha½ p±pento ñ±ºeneva paµivedha½ karoti. Salakkhaºavasena v± j±n±ti, sarasavasena passati, paccupaµµh±navasena aññ±ti, padaµµh±navasena paµivijjhati. Tattha paµiccasamupp±doti paccayadhamm± veditabb±. Paµiccasamuppann± dhamm±ti tehi tehi paccayehi nibbattadhamm±. Kathamida½ j±nitabbanti ce? Bhagavato vacanena. Bhagavat± hi paµiccasamupp±dapaµiccasamuppannadhammadesan±sutte
“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do, j±tipaccay±, bhikkhave, jar±maraºa½, upp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ anupp±d± v± tath±gat±na½ µhit±va s± dh±tu dhammaµµhitat± dhammaniy±mat± idappaccayat±, ta½ tath±gato abhisambujjhati abhisameti, abhisambujjhitv± abhisametv± ±cikkhati deseti paññ±peti paµµhapeti vivarati vibhajati utt±n²karoti ‘passath±’ti c±ha. J±tipaccay±, bhikkhave, jar±maraºa½, bhavapaccay±, bhikkhave, j±ti…pe… avijj±paccay±, bhikkhave, saªkh±r±. Upp±d± v± tath±gat±na½…pe… utt±n²karoti ‘passath±’ti c±ha. Avijj±paccay±, bhikkhave, saªkh±r±. Iti kho, bhikkhave, y± tatrata that± avitathat± anaññathat± idappaccayat±. Aya½ vuccati, bhikkhave, paµiccasamupp±do”ti (sa½. ni. 2.20)–
Eva½ paµiccasamupp±da½ desentena tathat±d²hi vevacanehi paccayadhamm±va paµiccasamupp±doti vutt±. Tasm± jar±maraº±d²na½ paccayalakkhaºo paµiccasamupp±do, dukkh±nubandhanaraso kummaggapaccupaµµh±no, ayampi sapaccayatt± attano visesapaccayapadaµµh±no.
Upp±d± v± anupp±d± v±ti upp±de v± anupp±de v±, tath±gatesu uppannesupi anuppannesup²ti attho. Ýhit±va s± dh±t³ti µhitova so paccayasabh±vo, na kad±ci j±tijar±maraºassa paccayo na hot²ti attho. Dhammaµµhitat± dhammaniy±mat± idappaccayat±ti j±tipaccayoyeva. J±tipaccayena hi jar±maraºasaªkh±to paccayasamuppannadhammo tad±yattat±ya tiµµhati, j±tipaccayova jar±maraºadhamma½ niyameti, tasm± j±ti “dhammaµµhitat± dhammaniy±mat±”ti vuccati. J±tiyeva imassa jar±maraºassa paccayoti idappaccayo, idappaccayova idappaccayat±. Tanti ta½ paccaya½. Abhisambujjhat²ti ñ±ºena abhisambujjhati. Abhisamet²ti ñ±ºena abhisam±gacchati. ¾cikkhat²ti katheti. Deset²ti dasseti. Paññ±pet²ti j±n±peti. Paµµhapet²ti ñ±ºamukhe µhapeti. Vivarat²ti vivaritv± dasseti. Vibhajat²ti vibh±gato dasseti. Utt±n²karot²ti p±kaµa½ karoti. Iti khoti eva½ kho. Y± tatr±ti y± tesu “j±tipaccay± jar±maraºan”ti-±d²su So pan±ya½ paµiccasamupp±do tehi tehi paccayehi an³n±dhikeheva tassa tassa dhammassa sambhavato tathat±ti, s±maggi½ upagatesu paccayesu muhuttampi tato nibbattanadhamm±na½ asambhav±bh±vato avitathat±ti, aññadhammapaccayehi aññadhamm±nuppattito anaññathat±ti, yath±vutt±na½ etesa½ jar±maraº±d²na½ paccayato v± paccayasam³hato v± idappaccayat±ti vutto. Tatr±ya½ vacanattho– imesa½ paccay± idappaccay±, idappaccay± eva idappaccayat±, idappaccay±na½ v± sam³ho idappaccayat±. Lakkhaºa½ panettha saddasatthato veditabbanti.
Dhammaµµhitiñ±ºaniddesavaººan± niµµhit±.