[440] 2. Kaºhaj±takavaººan±

Kaºho vat±ya½ purisoti ida½ satth± kapilavatthu½ upaniss±ya nigrodh±r±me viharanto sitap±tukamma½ ±rabbha kathesi. Tad± kira satth± s±yanhasamaye nigrodh±r±me bhikkhusaªghaparivuto jaªghavih±ra½ anucaªkamam±no aññatarasmi½ padese sita½ p±tv±k±si. ¾nandatthero “ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa p±tukamm±ya, na ahetu tath±gat± sita½ p±tukaronti, pucchiss±mi t±v±”ti añjali½ paggayha sitak±raºa½ pucchi. Athassa satth± “bh³tapubba½, ±nanda, kaºho n±ma isi ahosi, so imasmi½ bh³mippadese vih±si jh±y² jh±narato, tassa s²latejena sakkassa bhavana½ kamp²”ti sitak±raºa½ vatv± tassa vatthuno ap±kaµatt± therena y±cito at²ta½ ±hari.

At²te b±r±ºasiya½ brahmadatte rajja½ k±rente b±r±ºasiya½ ekena as²tikoµivibhavena aputtakena br±hmaºena s²la½ sam±diyitv± putte patthite bodhisatto tassa br±hmaºiy± kucchimhi nibbatti. K±¼avaººatt± panassa n±maggahaºadivase “kaºhakum±ro”ti n±ma½ aka½su. So so¼asavassak±le maºipaµim± viya sobhaggappatto hutv± pitar± sippuggahaºatth±ya pesito takkasil±ya½ sabbasipp±ni uggahetv± pacc±gacchi. Atha na½ pit± anur³pena d±rena sa½yojesi. So aparabh±ge m±t±pit³na½ accayena sabbissariya½ paµipajji. Athekadivasa½ ratanakoµµh±g±r±ni viloketv± varapallaªkamajjhagato suvaººapaµµa½ ±har±petv± “ettaka½ dhana½ asukena upp±dita½, ettaka½ asuken±”ti pubbañ±t²hi suvaººapaµµe likhit±ni akkhar±ni disv± cintesi “yehi ima½ dhana½ upp±dita½, te na paññ±yanti, dhanameva paññ±yati, ekopi ida½ dhana½ gahetv± gato n±ma natthi, na kho pana sakk± dhanabhaº¹ika½ bandhitv± paraloka½ gantu½. Pañcanna½ ver±na½ s±dh±raºabh±vena hi as±rassa dhanassa d±na½ s±ro, bahurogas±dh±raºabh±vena as±rassa sar²rassa s²lavantesu abhiv±dan±dikamma½ s±ro, anicc±bhibh³tabh±vena as±rassa j²vitassa anicc±divasena vipassan±yogo s±ro, tasm± as±rehi bhogehi s±raggahaºattha½ d±na½ dass±m²”ti.

So ±san± vuµµh±ya rañño santika½ gantv± r±j±na½ ±pucchitv± mah±d±na½ pavattesi. Y±va sattam± divas± dhana½ aparikkh²yam±na½ disv± “ki½ me dhanena, y±va ma½ jar± n±bhibhavati, t±vadeva pabbajitv± abhiññ± ca sam±pattiyo ca nibbattetv± brahmalokapar±yaºo bhaviss±m²”ti cintetv± gehe sabbadv±r±ni vivar±petv± “dinna½ me, harant³”ti asuci½ viya jigucchanto vatthuk±me pah±ya mah±janassa rodantassa paridevantassa nagar± nikkhamitv± himavantapadesa½ pavisitv± isipabbajja½ pabbajitv± attano vasanatth±ya ramaº²ya½ bh³mibh±ga½ olokento ima½ µh±na½ patv± “idha vasiss±m²”ti eka½ indav±ruº²rukkha½ gocarag±ma½ adhiµµh±ya tasseva rukkhassa m³le vih±si. G±mantasen±sana½ pah±ya ±raññiko ahosi, paººas±la½ akatv± rukkham³liko ahosi, abbhok±siko nesajjiko. Sace nipajjituk±mo, bh³miya½yeva nipajjati, dantam³saliko hutv± anaggipakkameva kh±dati, thusaparikkhitta½ kiñci na kh±dati, ekadivasa½ ekav±rameva kh±dati, ek±saniko ahosi. Kham±ya pathav²-±patejav±yusamo hutv± ete ettake dhutaªgaguºe sam±d±ya vattati, imasmi½ kira j±take bodhisatto paramappiccho ahosi. So na cirasseva abhiññ± ca sam±pattiyo ca nibbattetv± jh±nak²¼a½ k²¼anto tattheva vasati, phal±phalatthampi aññattha na gacchati, rukkhassa phalitak±le phala½ kh±dati, pupphitak±le puppha½ kh±dati, sapattak±le patt±ni kh±dati, nippattak±le papaµika½ kh±dati. Eva½ paramasantuµµho hutv± imasmi½ µh±ne cira½ vasati.

So ekadivasa½ pubbaºhasamaye tassa rukkhassa pakk±ni phal±ni gaºhi, gaºhanto pana loluppac±rena uµµh±ya aññasmi½ padese na gaºh±ti, yath±nisinnova hattha½ pas±retv± hatthappas±raºaµµh±ne µhit±ni phal±ni sa½harati, tesupi man±p±man±pa½ avicinitv± sampattasampattameva gaºh±ti. Eva½ paramasantuµµhassa tassa s²latejena sakkassa paº¹ukambalasil±sana½ uºh±k±ra½ dassesi. Ta½ kira sakkassa ±yukkhayena v± uºha½ hoti puññakkhayena v±, aññasmi½ v± mah±nubh±vasatte ta½ µh±na½ patthente, dhammik±na½ v± mahiddhikasamaºabr±hmaº±na½ s²latejena uºha½ hoti. Sakko “ko nu kho ma½ µh±n± c±vetuk±mo”ti ±vajjetv± imasmi½ padese vasanta½ kaºha½ isi½ rukkhaphal±ni uccinanta½ disv± cintesi “aya½ isi ghoratapo paramajitindriyo, ima½ dhammakath±ya s²han±da½ nad±petv± suk±raºa½ sutv± varena santappetv± imamassa rukkha½ dhuvaphala½ katv± ±gamiss±m²”ti. So mahanten±nubh±vena s²gha½ otaritv± tasmi½ rukkham³le tassa piµµhipasse µhatv± “attano avaººe kathite kujjhissati nu kho, no”ti v²ma½santo paµhama½ g±tham±ha–

11. “Kaºho vat±ya½ puriso, kaºha½ bhuñjati bhojana½;

kaºhe bh³mipadesasmi½, na mayha½ manaso piyo”ti.

Tattha kaºhoti k±¼avaººo. Bhojananti rukkhaphalabhojana½.

Kaºho isi sakkassa vacana½ sutv± “ko nu kho may± saddhi½ kathet²”ti dibbacakkhun± upadh±rento “sakko”ti ñatv± anivattitv± anoloketv±va dutiya½ g±tham±ha–

12. “Na kaºho tacas± hoti, antos±ro hi br±hmaºo;

yasmi½ p±p±ni kamm±ni, sa ve kaºho sujampat²”ti.

Tattha tacas±ti tacena kaºho n±ma na hot²ti attho. Antos±roti abbhantare s²lasam±dhipaññ±vimuttivimuttiñ±ºadassanas±rehi samann±gato. Evar³po hi b±hitap±patt± br±hmaºo n±ma hoti. Sa veti yasmi½ pana p±p±ni kamm±ni atthi, so yattha katthaci kule j±topi yena kenaci sar²ravaººena samann±gatopi k±¼akova.

Evañca pana vatv± imesa½ satt±na½ kaºhabh±vakar±ni p±pakamm±ni ekavidh±dibhedehi vitth±retv± sabb±nipi t±ni garahitv± s²l±dayo guºe pasa½sitv± ±k±se canda½ uµµh±pento viya sakkassa dhamma½ desesi. Sakko tassa dhammakatha½ sutv± pamudito somanassaj±to mah±satta½ varena nimantento tatiya½ g±tham±ha–

13. “Etasmi½ te sulapite, patir³pe subh±site;

vara½ br±hmaºa te dammi, ya½ kiñci manasicchas²”ti.

Tattha etasminti ya½ ida½ tay± sabbaññubuddhena viya sulapita½, tasmi½ sulapite tumh±kameva anucchavikatt± patir³pe subh±site ya½ kiñci manas± icchasi, sabba½ te ya½ vara½ icchita½ patthita½, ta½ damm²ti attho.

Ta½ sutv± mah±satto cintesi “aya½ ki½ nu kho attano avaººe kathite kujjhissati, noti ma½ v²ma½santo mayha½ chavivaººañca bhojanañca vasanaµµh±nañca garahitv± id±ni mayha½ akuddhabh±va½ ñatv± pasannacitto vara½ deti, ma½ kho panesa ‘sakkissariyabrhmissariy±na½ atth±ya brahmacariya½ carat²’tipi maññeyya, tatrassa nikkaªkhabh±vattha½ mayha½ paresu kodho v± doso v± m± uppajjatu, parasampattiya½ lobho v± paresu sineho v± m± uppajjatu, majjhattova bhaveyyanti ime may± catt±ro vare gahetu½ vaµµat²”ti. So tassa nikkaªkhabh±vatth±ya catt±ro vare gaºhanto catuttha½ g±tham±ha–

14. “Varañce me ado sakka, sabbabh³t±namissara;

sunikkodha½ suniddosa½, nillobha½ vuttimattano;
nisnehamabhikaªkh±mi, ete me caturo vare”ti.

Tattha varañce me ado sakk±ti sace tva½ mayha½ vara½ ad±si. Sunikkodhanti akujjhanavasena suµµhu nikkodha½. Suniddosanti adussanavasena suµµhu niddosa½. Nillobhanti parasampatt²su nillobha½. Vuttimattanoti evar³pa½ attano vutti½. Nisnehanti puttadh²t±d²su v± saviññ±ºakesu dhanadhaññ±d²su v± aviññ±ºakesu attano santakesupi nisneha½ apagatalobha½. Abhikaªkh±m²ti evar³pa½ imehi cat³haªgehi samann±gata½ attano vutti½ abhikaªkh±mi. Ete me caturo vareti ete nikkodh±dike caturo mayha½ vare deh²ti.

Ki½ panesa na j±n±ti “yath± na sakk± sakkassa santike vara½ gahetv± varena kodh±dayo hanitun”ti. No na j±n±ti, sakke kho pana vara½ dente na gaºh±m²ti vacana½ na yuttanti tassa ca nikkaªkhabh±vatth±ya gaºhi Tato sakko cintesi “kaºhapaº¹ito vara½ gaºhanto ativiya anavajje vare gaºhi, etesu varesu guºadosa½ etameva pucchiss±m²”ti. Atha na½ pucchanto pañcama½ g±tham±ha–

15. “Ki½nu kodhe v± dose v±, lobhe snehe ca br±hmaºa;

±d²nava½ tva½ passasi, ta½ me akkh±hi pucchito”ti.

Tassattho– br±hmaºa ki½ nu kho tva½ kodhe dose lobhe snehe ca ±d²nava½ passasi, ta½ t±va me pucchito akkh±hi, na hi maya½ ettha ±d²nava½ j±n±m±ti.

Atha na½ mah±satto “tena hi suº±h²”ti vatv± catasso g±th± abh±si–

16. “Appo hutv± bahu hoti, va¹¹hate so akhantijo;

±saªg² bahup±y±so, tasm± kodha½ na rocaye.

17. “Duµµhassa pharus± v±c±, par±m±so anantar±;

tato p±ºi tato daº¹o, satthassa param± gati;
doso kodhasamuµµh±no, tasm± dosa½ na rocaye.

18. “¾lopas±has±k±r±, nikat² vañcan±ni ca;

dissanti lobhadhammesu, tasm± lobha½ na rocaye.

19. “Snehasaªgathit± ganth±, senti manomay± puth³;

te bhusa½ upat±penti, tasm± sneha½ na rocaye”ti.

Tattha akhantijoti so anadhiv±sakaj±tikassa akhantito j±to kodho paµhama½ paritto hutv± pacch± bahu hoti apar±para½ va¹¹hati. Tassa va¹¹hanabh±vo khantiv±d²j±takena (j±. 1.4.49 ±dayo) ceva c³¼adhammap±laj±takena (j±. 1.5.44 ±dayo) ca vaººetabbo. Apica tiss±maccassapettha bhariya½ ±di½ katv± sabba½ saparijana½ m±retv± pacch± attano m±ritavatthu kathetabba½. ¾saªg²ti ±saªgakaraºo. Yassa uppajjati, ta½ ±satta½ laggita½ karoti, ta½ vatthu½ vissajjetv± gantu½ na deti, nivattitv± akkosan±d²ni k±reti. Bahup±y±soti bahun± k±yikacetasikadukkhasaªkh±tena up±y±sena kilamathena samann±gato. Kodha½ niss±ya hi kodhavasena ariy±d²su katav²tikkam± diµµhadhamme ceva sampar±ye ca vadhabandhavippaµis±r±d²ni ceva pañcavidhabandhanakammakaraº±d²ni ca bah³ni dukkh±ni anubhavant²ti kodho bahup±y±so n±ma. Tasm±ti yasm± esa eva½ anek±d²navo, tasm± kodha½ na rocemi.

Duµµhass±ti kujjhanalakkhaºena kodhena kujjhitv± aparabh±ge dussanalakkhaºena dosena duµµhassa paµhama½ t±va “are, d±sa, pess±”ti pharusav±c± niccharati, v±c±ya anantar± ±ka¹¹hanavika¹¹hanavasena hatthapar±m±so, tato anantar± upakkamanavasena p±ºi pavattati, tato daº¹o, daº¹appah±re atikkamitv± pana ekatodh±ra-ubhatodh±rassa satthassa param± gati, sabbapariyant± satthanipphatti hoti. Yad± hi satthena para½ j²vit± voropetv± pacch± teneva satthena att±na½ j²vit± voropeti, tad± doso matthakappatto hoti. Doso kodhasamuµµh±noti yath± anambila½ takka½ v± kañjika½ v± pariº±mavasena parivattitv± ambila½ hoti, ta½ ekaj±tikampi sam±na½ ambila½ anambilanti n±n± vuccati, tath± pubbak±le kodho pariºamitv± aparabh±ge doso hoti. So akusalam³lattena ekaj±tikopi sam±no kodho dosoti n±n± vuccati. Yath± anambilato ambila½, eva½ sopi kodhato samuµµh±t²ti kodhasamuµµh±no. Tasm±ti yasm± eva½ anek±d²navo doso, tasm± dosampi na rocemi.

¾lopas±has±k±r±ti div± divasseva g±ma½ paharitv± vilumpan±ni ca ±vudha½ sar²re µhapetv± “ida½ n±ma me deh²”ti s±has±k±r± ca. Nikat² vañcan±ni c±ti patir³paka½ dassetv± parassa haraºa½ nikati n±ma, s± asuvaººameva “suvaººan”ti k³µakah±paºa½ “kah±paºo”ti datv± parasantakaggahaºe daµµhabb±. Paµibh±navasena pana up±yakusalat±ya parasantakaggahaºa½ vañcana½ n±ma. Tasseva½ pavatti daµµhabb±– eko kira ujuj±tiko g±mikapuriso araññato sasaka½ ±netv± nad²t²re µhapetv± nh±yitu½ otari. Atheko dhutto ta½ sasaka½ s²se katv± nh±yitu½ otiººo. Itaro uttaritv± sasaka½ apassanto ito cito ca vilokesi. Tamena½ dhutto “ki½ bho vilokes²”ti vatv± “imasmi½ me µh±ne sasako µhapito, ta½ na pass±m²”ti vutte “andhab±la, tva½ na j±n±si, sasak± n±ma nad²t²re µhapit± pal±yanti, passa aha½ attano sasaka½ s²se µhapetv±va nh±y±m²”ti ±ha. So appaµibh±nat±ya “eva½ bhavissat²”ti pakk±mi. Ekakah±paºena migapotaka½ gahetv± puna ta½ datv± dvikah±paºagghanakassa migassa gahitavatthupettha kathetabba½. Dissanti lobhadhammes³ti sakka, ime ±lop±dayo p±padhamm± lobhasabh±vesu lobh±bhibh³tesu sattesu dissanti. Na hi aluddh± evar³p±ni kamm±ni karonti. Eva½ lobho anek±d²navo, tasm± lobhampi na rocemi.

Snehasaªgathit± ganth±ti ±rammaºesu all²yanalakkhaºena snehena saªgathit± punappuna½ upp±davasena ghaµit± suttena pupph±ni viya baddh± n±nappak±resu ±rammaºesu pavattam±n± abhijjh±k±yaganth±. Senti manomay± puth³ti te puth³su ±rammaºesu uppann± suvaºº±d²hi nibbatt±ni suvaºº±dimay±ni ±bharaº±d²ni viya manena nibbattatt± manomay± abhijjh±k±yaganth± tesu ±rammaºesu senti anusenti. Te bhusa½ upat±pent²ti te eva½ anusayit± balavat±pa½ janent± bhusa½ upat±penti atikilamenti. Tesa½ pana bhusa½ upat±pane “sallaviddhova ruppat²”ti (su. ni. 773) g±th±ya vatthu, “piyaj±tik± hi gahapati, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassup±y±s± piyappabhutik±” (ma. ni. 2.353), “piyato j±yat² soko”ti-±d²ni (dha. pa. 212) sutt±ni ca ±haritabb±ni. Apica maªgalabodhisattassa d±rake datv± balavasokena hadaya½ phali, vessantarabodhisattassa mahanta½ domanassa½ udap±di. Eva½ p³ritap±ram²na½ mah±satt±na½ pema½ upat±pa½ karotiyeva. Aya½ snehe ±d²navo, tasm± snehampi na rocem²ti.

Sakko pañhavissajjana½ sutv± “kaºhapaº¹ita tay± ime pañh± buddhal²¼±ya s±dhuka½ kathit±, ativiya tuµµhosmi te, aparampi vara½ gaºh±h²”ti vatv± dasama½ g±tham±ha–

20. “Etasmi½ te sulapite, patir³pe subh±site;

vara½ br±hmaºa te dammi, ya½ kiñci manasicchas²”ti.

Tato bodhisatto anantarag±tham±ha–

21. “Varañce me ado sakka, sabbabh³t±namissara;

araññe me viharato, nicca½ ekavih±rino;
±b±dh± m± uppajjeyyu½, antar±yakar± bhus±”ti.

Tattha antar±yakar± bhus±ti imassa me tapokammassa antar±yakar±.

Ta½ sutv± sakko “kaºhapaº¹ito vara½ gaºhanto na ±misasannissita½ gaºh±ti, tapokammanissitameva gaºh±t²”ti cintetv± bhiyyosomatt±ya pasanno aparampi vara½ dadam±no itara½ g±tham±ha–

22. “Etasmi½ te sulapite, patir³pe subh±site;

vara½ br±hmaºa te dammi, ya½ kiñci manasicchas²”ti.

Bodhisattopi varaggahaº±padesena tassa dhamma½ desento os±nag±tham±ha–

23. “Varañce me ado sakka, sabbabh³t±namissara;

na mano v± sar²ra½ v±, ma½-kate sakka kassaci;
kad±ci upahaññetha, eta½ sakka vara½ vare”ti.

Tattha mano v±ti manodv±ra½ v±. Sar²ra½ v±ti k±yadv±ra½ v±, vac²dv±rampi etesa½ gahaºena gahitamev±ti veditabba½. Ma½-kateti mama k±raº±. Upahaññeth±ti upagh±ta½ ±pajjeyya aparisuddha½ assa. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– sakka devar±ja, mama k±raº± ma½ niss±ya mama anatthak±mat±ya kassaci sattassa kismiñci k±le ida½ tividhampi kammadv±ra½ na upahaññetha, p±º±tip±t±d²hi dasahi akusalakammapathehi vimutta½ parisuddhameva bhaveyy±ti.

Iti mah±satto chasupi µh±nesu vara½ gaºhanto nekkhammanissitameva gaºhi, j±n±ti cesa “sar²ra½ n±ma by±dhidhamma½, na ta½ sakk± sakkena aby±dhidhamma½ k±tun”ti. Satt±nañhi t²su dv±resu parisuddhabh±vo asakk±yattova, eva½ santepi tassa dhammadesanattha½ ime vare gaºhi. Sakkopi ta½ rukkha½ dhuvaphala½ katv± mah±satta½ vanditv± sirasi añjali½ patiµµhapetv± “arog± idheva vasath±”ti vatv± sakaµµh±nameva gato. Bodhisattopi aparih²najjh±no brahmalok³pago ahosi.

Satth± ima½ dhammadesana½ ±haritv± “±nanda, pubbe may± nivutthabh³mippadeso ceso”ti vatv± j±taka½ samodh±nesi– “tad± sakko anuruddho ahosi, kaºhapaº¹ito pana ahameva ahosin”ti.

Kaºhaj±takavaººan± dutiy±.