1. Uragavaggo

1. Uragasuttavaººan±

Eva½ samadhigatasaªkho ca yasm± esa vaggato uragavaggo, c³¼avaggo, mah±vaggo, aµµhakavaggo, p±r±yanavaggoti pañca vagg± honti; tesu uragavaggo ±di. Suttato uragavagge dv±dasa sutt±ni, c³¼avagge cuddasa, mah±vagge dv±dasa, aµµhakavagge so¼asa, p±r±yanavagge so¼as±ti sattati sutt±ni. Tesa½ uragasutta½ ±di. Pariyattipam±ºato aµµha bh±ºav±r±. Eva½ vaggasuttapariyattipam±ºavato panassa–
“Yo uppatita½ vineti kodha½, visaµa½ sappavisa½va osadhehi;
so bhikkhu jah±ti orap±ra½, urago jiººamiva taca½ pur±ºan”ti.–

Aya½ g±th± ±di. Tasm± ass± ito pabhuti atthavaººana½ k±tu½ ida½ vuccati–

“Yena yattha yad± yasm±, vutt± g±th± aya½ ima½;
vidhi½ pak±sayitv±ss±, kariss±matthavaººanan”ti.
Kena pan±ya½ g±th± vutt±, kattha, kad±, kasm± ca vutt±ti? Vuccate– yo so bhagav± catuv²satibuddhasantike laddhaby±karaºo y±va vessantaraj±taka½, t±va p±ramiyo p³retv± tusitabhavane uppajji, tatopi cavitv± sakyar±jakule upapatti½ gahetv±, anupubbena katamah±bhinikkhamano bodhirukkham³le samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhitv±, dhammacakka½ pavattetv± deva-manuss±na½ hit±ya dhamma½ desesi, tena bhagavat± sayambhun± an±cariyakena samm±sambuddhena vutt±. S± ca pana ±¼aviya½. Yad± ca bh³tag±masikkh±pada½ paññatta½, tad± tattha upagat±na½ dhammadesanattha½ vutt±ti. Ayamettha saªkhepavissajjan±. Vitth±rato pana d³renid±na-avid³renid±nasantikenid±navasena veditabb±. Tattha d³renid±na½ n±ma d²paªkarato y±va paccuppannavatthukath± avid³renid±na½ n±ma tusitabhavanato y±va paccuppannavatthukath±, santikenid±na½ n±ma bodhimaº¹ato y±va paccuppannavatthukath±ti.
Tattha yasm± avid³renid±na½ santikenid±nañca d³renid±neyeva samodh±na½ gacchanti, tasm± d³renid±navasenevettha vitth±rato vissajjan± veditabb±. S± panes± j±takaµµhakath±ya½ vutt±ti idha na vitth±rit±. Tato tattha vitth±ritanayeneva veditabb±. Aya½ pana viseso– tattha paµhamag±th±ya s±vatthiya½ vatthu uppanna½, idha ±¼aviya½. Yath±ha–
“Tena samayena buddho bhagav± ±¼aviya½ viharati agg±¼ave cetiye. Tena kho pana samayena ±¼avak± bhikkh³ navakamma½ karont± rukkha½ chindantipi ched±pentipi. Aññataropi ±¼avako bhikkhu rukkha½ chindati. Tasmi½ rukkhe adhivatth± devat± ta½ bhikkhu½ etadavoca– ‘m±, bhante, attano bhavana½ kattuk±mo mayha½ bhavana½ chind²’ti. So bhikkhu an±diyanto chindiyeva. Tass± ca devat±ya d±rakassa b±hu½ ±koµesi. Atha kho tass± devat±ya etadahosi– ‘ya½n³n±ha½ ima½ bhikkhu½ idheva j²vit± voropeyyan’ti. Atha kho tass± devat±ya etadahosi– ‘na kho meta½ patir³pa½, y±ha½ ima½ bhikkhu½ idheva j²vit± voropeyya½, ya½n³n±ha½ bhagavato etamattha½ ±roceyyan’ti. Atha kho s± devat± yena bhagav± tenupasaªkami; upasaªkamitv± bhagavato etamattha½ ±rocesi. ‘S±dhu, s±dhu devate, s±dhu kho tva½, devate, ta½ bhikkhu½ j²vit± na voropesi. Sacajja tva½, devate, ta½ bhikkhu½ j²vit± voropeyy±si, bahuñca tva½, devate, apuñña½ pasaveyy±si. Gaccha tva½, devate, amukasmi½ ok±se rukkho vivitto, tasmi½ upagacch±”’ti (p±ci. 89).
Evañca pana vatv± puna bhagav± tass± devat±ya uppannakodhavinayanattha½–
“Yo ve uppatita½ kodha½, ratha½ bhanta½va v±raye”ti. (Dha. pa. 222)–

Ima½ g±tha½ abh±si. Tato “kathañhi n±ma samaº± sakyaputtiy± rukkha½ chindissantipi, ched±pessantipi, ekindriya½ samaº± sakyaputtiy± j²va½ viheµhent²”ti eva½ manuss±na½ ujjh±yita½ sutv± bhikkh³hi ±rocito bhagav±– “bh³tag±map±tabyat±ya p±cittiyan”ti (p±ci. 90) ima½ sikkh±pada½ paññ±petv± tattha upagat±na½ dhammadesanattha½–

“Yo uppatita½ vineti kodha½,
visaµa½ sappavisa½va osadheh²”ti.–

Ima½ g±tha½ abh±si. Evamida½ eka½yeva vatthu t²su µh±nesu saªgaha½ gata½– vinaye, dhammapade, suttanip±teti. Ett±vat± ca y± s± m±tik± µhapit±–

“Yena yattha yad± yasm±, vutt± g±th± aya½ ima½;
vidhi pak±sayitv±ss±, kariss±matthavaººanan”ti.–

S± saªkhepato vitth±rato ca pak±sit± hoti µhapetv± atthavaººana½.

1. Aya½ panettha atthavaººan±. Yoti yo y±diso khattiyakul± v± pabbajito, br±hmaºakul± v± pabbajito, navo v± majjhimo v± thero v±. Uppatitanti uddhamuddha½ patita½ gata½, pavattanti attho, uppannanti vutta½ hoti. Uppannañca n±meta½ vattam±nabhutv±pagatok±sakatabh³miladdhavasena anekappabheda½. Tattha sabbampi saªkhata½ upp±d±disamaªgi vattam±nuppanna½ n±ma, ya½ sandh±ya “uppann± dhamm±, anuppann± dhamm±, upp±dino dhamm±”ti (dha. sa. tikam±tik± 17) vutta½. ¾rammaºarasamanubhavitv± niruddha½ anubhutv±pagatasaªkh±ta½ kusal±kusala½, upp±d±dittayamanuppatv± niruddha½ bhutv±pagatasaªkh±ta½ sesasaªkhatañca bhutv±pagatuppanna½ n±ma. Tadeta½ “evar³pa½ p±paka½ diµµhigata½ uppanna½ hot²”ti (ma. ni. 1.234; p±ci. 417) ca, “yath± ca uppannassa satisambojjhaªgassa bh±van±p±rip³r² hot²”ti ca evam±d²su suttantesu daµµhabba½. “Y±nissa t±ni pubbe kat±ni kamm±n²”ti evam±din± (ma. ni. 3.248; netti. 120) nayena vutta½ kamma½ at²tampi sam±na½ aññassa vip±ka½ paµib±hitv± attano vip±kassok±sa½ katv± µhitatt±, tath± katok±sañca vip±ka½ anuppannampi eva½ kate ok±se avassamuppattito ok±sakatuppanna½ n±ma. T±su t±su bh³m²su asam³hatamakusala½ bh³miladdhuppanna½ n±ma.
Ettha ca bh³miy± bh³miladdhassa ca n±natta½ veditabba½. Seyyathida½– bh³mi n±ma vipassan±ya ±rammaºabh³t± tebh³mak± pañcakkhandh±. Bh³miladdha½ n±ma tesu uppatt±raha½ kilesaj±ta½. Tena hi s± bh³miladdh± n±ma hot²ti. Tasm± “bh³miladdhan”ti vuccati. Tañca pana na ±rammaºavasena. ¾rammaºavasena hi sabbepi at²t±dibhede pariññ±tepi ca kh²º±sav±na½ khandhe ±rabbha kiles± uppajjanti mah±kacc±yana-uppalavaºº±d²na½ khandhe ±rabbha soreyyaseµµhiputtanandam±ºavak±d²na½ viya. Yadi ceta½ bh³miladdha½ n±ma siy±, tassa appaheyyato na koci bhavam³la½ jaheyya. Vatthuvasena pana bh³miladdha½ n±ma veditabba½. Yattha yattha hi vipassan±ya apariññ±t± khandh± uppajjanti, tattha tattha upp±dato pabhuti tesu vaµµam³la½ kilesaj±ta½ anuseti. Ta½ appah²naµµhena bh³miladdhuppanna½ n±m±ti veditabba½. Tattha ca yassa khandhesu appah²n±nusayit± kiles±, tassa te eva khandh± tesa½ kiles±na½ vatthu, na itare khandh±. At²takkhandhesu cassa appah²n±nusayit±na½ kiles±na½ at²takkhandh± eva vatthu, na itare. Eseva nayo an±gat±d²su. Tath± k±m±vacarakkhandhesu appah²n±nusayit±na½ kiles±na½ k±m±vacarakkhandh± eva vatthu, na itare. Esa nayo r³p±r³p±vacaresu.
Sot±pann±d²na½ pana yassa yassa ariyapuggalassa khandhesu ta½ ta½ vaµµam³la½ kilesaj±ta½ tena tena maggena pah²na½, tassa tassa te te khandh± pah²n±na½ tesa½ tesa½ vaµµam³lakiles±na½ avatthuto bh³m²ti saªkha½ na labhanti. Puthujjanassa pana sabbaso vaµµam³l±na½ kiles±na½ appah²natt± ya½ kiñci kariyam±na½ kamma½ kusala½ v± akusala½ v± hoti, iccassa kilesappaccay± vaµµa½ va¹¹hati. Tasseta½ vaµµam³la½ r³pakkhandhe eva, na vedan±kkhandh±d²su…pe… viññ±ºakkhandhe eva v±, na r³pakkhandh±d²s³ti na vattabba½. Kasm±? Avisesena pañcasu khandhesu anusayitatt±. Katha½? Pathav²ras±dimiva rukkhe. Yath± hi mah±rukkhe pathav²tala½ adhiµµh±ya pathav²rasañca ±porasañca niss±ya tappaccay± m³lakhandhas±khapas±khapattapallavapal±sapupphaphalehi va¹¹hitv± nabha½ p³retv± y±vakapp±vas±na½ b²japarampar±ya rukkhapaveº²sant±ne µhite “ta½ pathav²ras±di m³le eva, na khandh±d²su, phale eva v±, na m³l±d²s³”ti na vattabba½. Kasm±? Avisesena sabbesveva m³l±d²su anugatatt±, eva½. Yath± pana tasseva rukkhassa pupphaphal±d²su nibbinno koci puriso cat³su dis±su maº¹³kakaºµaka½ n±ma rukkhe visa½ payojeyya, atha so rukkho tena visasamphassena phuµµho pathav²rasa-±porasapariy±dinnena appasavanadhammata½ ±gamma puna sant±na½ nibbattetu½ samattho na bhaveyya, evameva½ khandhappavattiya½ nibbinno kulaputto tassa purisassa cat³su dis±su rukkhe visappayojana½ viya attano sant±ne catumaggabh±vana½ ±rabhati. Athassa so khandhasant±no tena catumaggavisasamphassena sabbaso vaµµam³lakiles±na½ pariy±dinnatt± kiriyabh±vamattamupagatak±yakamm±di sabbakammappabhedo ±yati½ punabbhav±bhinibbattadhammatam±gamma bhavantarasant±na½ nibbattetu½ samattho na hoti. Kevala½ pana carimaviññ±ºanirodhena nirindhano viya j±tavedo anup±d±no parinibb±ti. Eva½ bh³miy± bh³miladdhassa ca n±natta½ veditabba½.
Apica aparampi samud±c±r±rammaº±dhiggahit±vikkhambhit±sam³hatavasena catubbidhamuppanna½. Tattha vattam±nuppannameva samud±c±ruppanna½. Cakkh±d²na½ pana ±p±thagate ±rammaºe pubbabh±ge anuppajjam±nampi kilesaj±ta½ ±rammaºassa adhiggahitatt± eva aparabh±ge avassamuppattito ±rammaº±dhiggahituppannanti vuccati. Kaly±ºig±me piº¹±ya carato mah±tissattherassa visabh±gar³padassanena uppannakilesaj±tañcettha nidassana½. Tassa “uppanna½ k±mavitakkan”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 6.58) payogo daµµhabbo. Samathavipassan±na½ aññataravasena avikkhambhitakilesaj±ta½ cittasantatiman±r³¼ha½ uppattiniv±rakassa hetuno abh±v± avikkhambhituppanna½ n±ma. Ta½ “ayampi kho, bhikkhave, ±n±p±nassatisam±dhi bh±vito bahul²kato santo ceva paº²to ca asecanako ca sukho ca vih±ro uppannuppanne p±pake akusale dhamme µh±naso antaradh±pet²”ti-±d²su (p±r±. 165) daµµhabba½. Samathavipassan±vasena vikkhambhitampi kilesaj±ta½ ariyamaggena asam³hatatt± uppattidhammata½ anat²tanti katv± asam³hatuppannanti vuccati. ¾k±sena gacchantassa aµµhasam±pattil±bhino therassa kusumitarukkhe upavane pupph±ni ocinantassa madhurassarena g±yato m±tug±massa g²tassara½ sutavato uppannakilesaj±tañcettha nidassana½. Tassa “ariya½ aµµhaªgika½ magga½ bahul²karonto uppannuppanne p±pake akusale dhamme antar±yeva antaradh±pet²”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 5.157) payogo daµµhabbo. Tividhampi ceta½ ±rammaº±dhiggahit±vikkhambhit±sam³hatuppanna½ bh³miladdheneva saªgaha½ gacchat²ti veditabba½.
Evametasmi½ yath±vuttappabhede uppanne bh³miladdh±rammaº±dhiggahit±vikkhambhit±sam³hatuppannavasen±ya½ kodho uppannoti veditabbo. Kasm±? Eva½vidhassa vinetabbato. Eva½vidhameva hi uppanna½ yena kenaci vinayena vinetu½ sakk± hoti. Ya½ paneta½ vattam±nabhutv±pagatok±sakatasamud±c±rasaªkh±ta½ uppanna½, ettha aphalo ca asakyo ca v±y±mo. Aphalo hi bhutv±pagate v±y±mo v±y±mantaren±pi tassa niruddhatt±. Tath± ok±sakate. Asakyo ca vattam±nasamud±c±ruppanne kilesavod±n±na½ ekajjhamanuppattitoti.