24. Taºh±vaggo

1. Kapilamacchavatthu

Manujass±ti ima½ dhammadesana½ satth± jetavane viharanto kapilamaccha½ ±rabbha kathesi.

At²te kira kassapabhagavato parinibbutak±le dve kulabh±taro nikkhamitv± s±vak±na½ santike pabbaji½su. Tesu jeµµho s±gato n±ma ahosi, kaniµµho kapilo n±ma. M±t± pana nesa½ s±dhin² n±ma, kaniµµhabhagin² t±pan± n±ma. T±pi bhikkhun²su pabbaji½su. Eva½ tesu pabbajitesu ubho bh±taro ±cariyupajjh±y±na½ vattapaµivatta½ katv± viharant± ekadivasa½, “bhante, imasmi½ s±sane kati dhur±n²”ti pucchitv± “ganthadhura½ vipassan±dhurañc±ti dve dhur±n²”ti sutv± jeµµho “vipassan±dhura½ p³ress±m²”ti pañca vass±ni ±cariyupajjh±y±na½ santike vasitv± y±va arahatt± kammaµµh±na½ gahetv± arañña½ pavisitv± v±yamanto arahatta½ p±puºi. Kaniµµho “aha½ t±va taruºo, vu¹¹hak±le vipassan±dhura½ p³ress±m²”ti ganthadhura½ paµµhapetv± t²ºi piµak±ni uggaºhi. Tassa pariyatti½ niss±ya mah±pariv±ro, pariv±ra½ niss±ya l±bho udap±di. So b±husaccamadena matto l±bhataºh±ya abhibh³to atipaº¹itam±nit±ya parehi vutta½ kappiyampi “akappiyan”ti vadeti, akappiyampi “kappiyan”ti vadeti, s±vajjampi “anavajjan”ti, anavajjampi “s±vajjan”ti. So pesalehi bhikkh³hi “m±, ±vuso kapila, eva½ avac±”ti vatv± dhammañca vinayañca dassetv± ovadiyam±nopi “tumhe ki½ j±n±tha, rittamuµµhisadis±”ti-±d²ni vatv± khu½sento vambhento carati. Athassa bh±tu s±gatattherass±pi bhikkh³ tamattha½ ±rocesu½. Sopi na½ upasaªkamitv±, “±vuso kapila, tumh±dis±nañhi samm±paµipatti s±sanassa ±yu n±ma, tasm± paµipatti½ pah±ya kappiy±d²ni paµib±hanto m± eva½ avac±”ti ovadi. So tassapi vacana½ n±diyi. Eva½ santepi thero dvattikkhattu½ ovaditv± ov±da½ agaºhanta½ “n±ya½ mama vacana½ karot²”ti ñatv± “tena, ±vuso, paññ±yissasi sakena kammen±”ti vatv± pakk±mi Tato paµµh±ya na½ aññe pesal± bhikkh³ cha¹¹ayi½su.

So dur±c±ro hutv± dur±c±raparivuto viharanto ekadivasa½ uposathagge “p±timokkha½ uddisiss±m²”ti b²jani½ ±d±ya dhamm±sane nis²ditv± “vattati, ±vuso, ettha sannipatit±na½ bhikkh³na½ p±timokkhan”ti pucchitv± “ko attho imassa paµivacanena dinnen±”ti tuºh²bh³te bhikkh³ disv±, “±vuso, dhammo v± vinayo v± natthi, p±timokkhena sutena v± asutena v± ko attho”ti vatv± ±san± vuµµhahi. Eva½ so kassapassa bhagavato pariyattis±sana½ osakk±pesi. S±gatattheropi tadaheva parinibb±yi. Kapilo ±yupariyos±ne av²cimhi mah±niraye nibbatti. S±pissa m±t± ca bhagin² ca tasseva diµµh±nugati½ ±pajjitv± pesale bhikkh³ akkositv± paribh±sitv± tattheva nibbatti½su.

Tasmi½ pana k±le pañcasat± puris± g±magh±tak±d²ni katv± corik±ya j²vant± janapadamanussehi anubaddh± pal±yam±n± arañña½ pavisitv± tattha kiñci paµisaraºa½ apassant± aññatara½ ±raññika½ bhikkhu½ disv± vanditv± “paµisaraºa½ no, bhante, hoth±”ti vadi½su. Thero “tumh±ka½ s²lasadisa½ paµisaraºa½ n±ma natthi, sabbepi pañcas²l±ni sam±diyath±”ti ±ha. Te “s±dh³”ti sampaµicchitv± s²l±ni sam±diyi½su. Atha ne thero ovadi– “id±ni tumhe s²lavant±, j²vitahetupi vo neva s²la½ atikkamitabba½, na manopadoso k±tabbo”ti. Te “s±dh³”ti sampaµicchi½su. Atha ne janapadamanuss± ta½ µh±na½ patv± ito cito ca pariyesam±n± te core disv± sabbe te j²vit± voropesu½. Te k±la½ katv± devaloke nibbatti½su, corajeµµhako jeµµhakadevaputto ahosi.

Te anulomapaµilomavasena eka½ buddhantara½ devaloke sa½saritv± imasmi½ buddhupp±de s±vatthinagaradv±re pañcasatakulike kevaµµag±me nibbatti½su. Jeµµhakadevaputto kevaµµajeµµhakassa gehe paµisandhi½ gaºhi, itare itaresu. Eva½ tesa½ ekadivaseyeva paµisandhigahaºañca m±tukucchito nikkhamanañca ahosi. Kevaµµajeµµhako “atthi nu kho imasmi½ g±me aññepi d±rak± ajja j±t±”ti pariyes±petv± tesa½ j±tabh±va½ ñatv± “ete mama puttassa sah±yak± bhavissant²”ti sabbesa½ pos±vanika½ d±pesi. Te sabbepi sahapa½suk²¼ak± sah±yak± hutv± anupubbena vayappatt± ahesu½. Tesa½ kevaµµajeµµhakaputtova yasato ca tejato ca aggapuriso ahosi.

Kapilopi eka½ buddhantara½ niraye paccitv± vip±k±vasesena tasmi½ k±le aciravatiy± suvaººavaººo duggandhamukho maccho hutv± nibbatti. Athekadivasa½ te sah±yak± “macche bandhiss±m±”ti j±l±d²ni gahetv± nadiy± khipi½su. Atha nesa½ antoj±la½ so maccho p±visi Ta½ disv± sabbe kevaµµag±mav±sino ucc±saddamaka½su– “putt± no paµhama½ macche bandhant± suvaººamaccha½ bandhi½su, id±ni no r±j± bahudhana½ dassat²”ti. Tepi kho sah±yak± maccha½ n±v±ya pakkhipitv± n±va½ ukkhipitv± rañño santika½ agama½su. Raññ±pi ta½ disv±va “ki½ etan”ti vutte “maccho, dev±”ti ±ha½su. R±j± suvaººavaººa½ maccha½ disv± “satth± etassa suvaººavaººak±raºa½ j±nissat²”ti maccha½ g±h±petv± bhagavato santika½ agam±si. Macchena mukhe vivaµamatteyeva sakalajetavana½ ativiya duggandha½ ahosi. R±j± satth±ra½ pucchi– “kasm±, bhante, maccho suvaººavaººo j±to, kasm± cassa mukhato duggandho v±yat²”ti?

Aya½, mah±r±ja, kassapabhagavato p±vacane kapilo n±ma bhikkhu ahosi bahussuto mah±pariv±ro l±bhataºh±ya abhibh³to attano vacana½ agaºhant±na½ akkosakaparibh±sako, tassa ca bhagavato s±sana½ osakk±pesi, so tena kammena av²cimhi nibbattitv± vip±k±vasesena id±ni maccho hutv± j±to. Ya½ pana so d²gharatta½ buddhavacana½ v±cesi, buddhassa ca guºa½ kathesi, tassa nissandena ima½ suvaººavaººa½ paµilabhi. Ya½ bhikkh³na½ akkosakaparibh±sako ahosi, tenassa mukhato duggandho v±yati. “Kath±pemi na½, mah±r±j±”ti? “Kath±petha, bhante”ti. Atha na½ satth± pucchi– “tva½si kapilo”ti? “¾ma, bhante, aha½ kapilo”ti. “Kuto ±gatos²”ti? “Av²cimah±nirayato, bhante”ti. “Jeµµhabh±tiko te s±gato kuhi½ gato”ti? “Parinibbuto, bhante”ti. “M±t± pana te s±dhin² kahan”ti? “Mah±niraye nibbatt±, bhante”ti. “Kaniµµhabhagin² ca te t±pan± kahan”ti? “Mah±niraye nibbatt±, bhante”ti. “Id±ni tva½ kaha½ gamissas²”ti? “Av²cimah±nirayameva, bhante”ti vatv± vippaµis±r±bhibh³to n±va½ s²sena paharitv± t±vadeva k±la½ katv± niraye nibbatti. Mah±jano sa½viggo ahosi lomahaµµhaj±to.

Atha bhagav± tasmi½ khaºe sannipatit±ya paris±ya citt±c±ra½ oloketv± taªkhaº±nur³pa½ dhamma½ desetu½ “dhammacariya½ brahmacariya½, etad±hu vasuttaman”ti suttanip±te (su. ni. 276) kapilasutta½ kathetv± im± g±th± abh±si–

334. “Manujassa pamattac±rino, taºh± va¹¹hati m±luv± viya;

so plavat² hur± hura½, phalamiccha½va vanasmi v±naro.

335. “Ya½ es± sahate jamm², taºh± loke visattik±;

sok± tassa pava¹¹hanti, abhivaµµha½va b²raºa½.

336. “Yo ceta½ sahate jammi½, taºha½ loke duraccaya½;

sok± tamh± papatanti, udabinduva pokkhar±.

337. “Ta½ vo vad±mi bhadda½ vo, y±vantettha sam±gat±;

taºh±ya m³la½ khaºatha, us²ratthova b²raºa½;
m± vo na¼a½va sotova, m±ro bhañji punappunan”ti.

Tattha pamattac±rinoti sativossaggalakkhaºena pam±dena pamattac±rissa puggalassa neva jh±na½ na vipassan± na maggaphal±ni va¹¹hanti. Yath± pana rukkha½ sa½sibbant² pariyonandhant² tassa vin±s±ya m±luv±lat± va¹¹hati evamassa cha dv±r±ni niss±ya punappuna½ uppajjanato taºh± va¹¹hat²ti attho. So plavat² hur± huranti so taºh±vasiko puggalo bhave bhave uplavati dh±vati. Yath± ki½ viy±ti? Phalamiccha½va vanasmi v±naro, yath± rukkhaphala½ icchanto v±naro vanasmi½ dh±vati, tassa tassa rukkhassa s±kha½ gaºh±ti, ta½ muñcitv± añña½ gaºh±ti, tampi muñcitv± añña½ gaºh±ti, “s±kha½ alabhitv± sannisinno”ti vattabbata½ n±pajjati, evameva taºh±vasiko puggalo hur± hura½ dh±vanto “±rammaºa½ alabhitv± taºh±ya apavatta½ patto”ti vattabbata½ n±pajjati.

Yanti ya½ puggala½ es± l±makabh±vena jamm² vis±h±rat±ya visapupphat±ya visaphalat±ya visaparibhogat±ya r³p±d²su visattat±ya ±sattat±ya visattik±ti saªkhya½ gat± chadv±rikataºh± abhibhavati. Yath± n±ma vass±ne punappuna½ vassantena devena abhivaµµha½ b²raºatiºa½ va¹¹hati, eva½ tassa puggalassa anto vaµµam³lak± sok± abhiva¹¹hant²ti attho.

Duraccayanti yo pana puggalo eva½ vuttappak±ra½ atikkamitu½ pajahitu½ dukkarat±ya duraccaya½ taºha½ sahati abhibhavati, tamh± puggal± vaµµam³lak± sok± papatanti. Yath± n±ma pokkhare padumapatte patita½ udakabindu na patiµµh±ti, eva½ na patiµµhahant²ti attho.

Ta½ vo vad±m²ti tena k±raºena aha½ tumhe vad±mi. Bhadda½ voti bhadda½ tumh±ka½ hotu, m± aha½ kapilo viya vin±sa½ p±puºath±ti attho. M³lanti imiss± chadv±rikataºh±ya arahattamaggañ±ºena m³la½ khaºatha. Ki½ viy±ti? Us²ratthova b²raºa½, yath± us²rena atthiko puriso mahantena kud±lena b²raºa½ khaºati, evamass± m³la½ khaºath±ti attho. M± vo na¼a½va sotova, m±ro bhañji punappunanti m± tumhe nad²sote j±ta½ na¼a½ mah±vegena ±gato nad²soto viya kilesam±ro maraºam±ro devaputtam±ro ca punappuna½ bhañjat³ti attho.

Desan±vas±ne pañcasat±pi kevaµµaputt± sa½vega½ ±pajjitv± dukkhassantakiriya½ patthayam±n± satthu santike pabbajitv± na cirasseva dukkhassanta½ katv± satth±r± saddhi½ ±neñjavih±rasam±pattidhammaparibhogena ekaparibhog± ahesunti.

Kapilamacchavatthu paµhama½.