Tatth±ti majjhimapadese, tasmi½yeva “uppajjat²”ti vacane v±. Suj±t±y±ti eva½n±mik±ya paµhama½ saraºagamanik±ya yasattheram±tuy±. Cat³su panetesu vikappesu paµhamo buddhabh±v±ya ±sannatarapaµipattidassanavasena vutto. ¾sannatar±ya hi paµipattiy± µhitopi “uppajjat²”ti vuccati upp±dassa ekantikatt±, pageva paµipattiy± matthake µhito. Dutiyo buddhabh±v±vahapabbajjato paµµh±ya ±sannamattapaµipattidassanavasena, tatiyo buddhakaradhammap±rip³rito paµµh±ya buddhabh±v±ya paµipattidassanavasena. Na hi mah±satt±na½ antimabhav³papattito paµµh±ya bodhisambh±rasambharaºa½ n±ma atthi buddhatth±ya k±lam±gamayam±neneva tattha patiµµhanato. Catuttho buddhabh±vakaradhammasam±rambhato paµµh±ya bodhiy± niyatabh±vadassanena. Bodhiy± hi niyatabh±vappattito pabhuti “buddho uppajjat²”ti viññ³hi vattu½ sakk± upp±dassa ekantikatt±. Yath± pana “sandanti nadiyo”ti sandanakiriy±ya avicchedamup±d±ya vattam±nappayogo eva½ upp±datth±ya paµipajjanakiriy±ya avicchedamup±d±ya cat³supi vikappesu “uppajjati n±m±”ti vutta½, pavatt±paratavattam±navacanañceta½. Catubbidhañhi vattam±nalakkhaºa½ saddasatthe pak±sita½–

“Niccapavatti sam²po, pavattuparato tath±;
pavatt±parato ceva, vattam±no catubbidho”ti.

Yasm± pana buddh±na½ s±vak±na½ viya na paµip±µiy± iddhividhañ±º±d²ni uppajjanti, saheva pana arahattamaggena sakalopi sabbaññutaññ±º±diguºar±si ±gato n±ma hoti, tasm± tesa½ nipphattasabbakiccatt± arahattaphalakkhaºe uppanno n±m±ti ekaªguttaravaººan±ya½ (a. ni. aµµha. 1.1.170) vutta½. Asati hi nipphattasabbakiccatte na t±vat± “uppanno”ti vattumarahati. Sabbapaµhama½ uppannabh±vanti cat³su vikappesu sabbapaµhama½ “tath±gato suj±t±ya…pe… uppajjati n±m±”ti vutta½ tath±gatassa uppannat±saªkh±ta½ atthibh±va½. Tadeva sandh±ya uppajjat²ti vutta½ buddhabh±v±ya ±sannatarapaµipattiya½ µhitasseva adhippetatt±. Ayameva hi attho mukhyato uppajjat²ti vattabbo. Ten±ha “tath±gato…pe… attho”ti.

Ettha ca “uppanno”ti vutte at²tak±lavasena koci attha½ gaºheyy±ti tannivattanattha½ “uppanno hot²”ti vutta½. “Uppann± dhamm±”ti-±d²su (dha. sa. tikam±tik± 17) viya hi idha uppannasaddo paccuppannak±liko. Nanu ca arahattaphalasamaªg²saªkh±to uppannoyeva tath±gato pavedanadesan±d²ni s±dheti, atha kasm± yath±vutto arahattamaggapariyos±no uppajjam±noyeva tath±gato adhippeto. Na hi so pavedanadesan±d²ni s±dheti madhup±y±sabhojanato y±va arahattamaggo, t±va tesa½ kicc±namas±dhanatoti? Na heva½ daµµhabba½, buddhabh±v±ya ±sannatarapaµipattiya½ µhitassa uppajjam±nassa gahaºeneva arahattaphalasamaªg²saªkh±tassa uppannass±pi gahitatt±. K±raºaggahaºeneva hi phalampi gahita½ tadavin±bh±vitt±. Iti pavedanadesan±dis±dhakassa arahattaphalasamaªginopi tath±gatassa gahetabbatt± neyyatthamida½ “uppajjat²”ti vacana½ daµµhabbanti. Tath± hi aªguttaraµµhakath±ya½ (a. ni. aµµha. 1.1.170) uppajjam±no, uppajjati, uppannoti t²hi k±lehi atthavibhajane “d²paªkarap±dam³le laddhaby±karaºato y±va an±g±miphal± uppajjam±no n±ma, arahattamaggakkhaºe pana uppajjati n±ma, arahattaphalakkhaºe uppanno n±m±”ti vutta½. Ayamettha ±cariyadhammap±lattherassa mati. Yasm± pana ekaªguttaraµµhakath±ya½ “ekapuggalo bhikkhave loke uppajjam±no uppajjat²”ti (a. ni. 1.170) suttapadavaººan±ya½ “imasmimpi sutte arahattaphalakkhaºa½yeva sandh±ya uppajjat²”ti vutta½, “uppanno hot²ti ayañhettha attho”ti (a. ni. aµµha. 1.1.170) ±gata½, tasm± idh±pi arahattaphalakkhaºameva sandh±ya uppajjat²ti vuttanti dasseti “sabbapaµhama½ uppannabh±va½ sandh±y±”ti imin±. Ten±ha “uppanno hot²ti ayañhettha attho”ti. Sabbapaµhama½ uppannabh±vanti ca sabbaveneyy±na½ paµhamatara½ arahattaphalavasena uppannabh±vanti attho. “Uppanno hot²”ti ca imin± arahattaphalakkhaºavasena at²tak±la½ dasset²ti. Ayameva ca nayo aªguttaraµ²k±k±rena ±cariyas±riputtattherena adhippetoti.

So bhagav±ti yo so tath±gato “arahan”ti-±din± pakittitaguºo, so bhagav±. Id±ni vattabba½ imasaddena nidasseti vuccam±natthassa par±masanato. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– nayida½ mah±janassa sammukhamatta½ sandh±ya “ima½ lokan”ti vutta½, atha kho “sadevakan”ti-±din± vakkham±na½ anavasesapariy±d±na½ sandh±y±ti. “Saha devehi sadevakan”ti-±din± yath±v±kya½ padanibbacana½ vutta½, yath±pada½ pana “sadevako”ti-±din± vattabba½, ime ca tagguºasa½viññ±ºab±hiratthasam±s±. Ettha hi avayavena viggaho, samud±yo sam±sattho hoti lok±vayavena kataviggahena lokasamud±yassa yath±raha½ labbham±natt±. Samav±yajotakasahasaddayoge hi ayameva sam±so viññ±yati. Deveh²ti ca pañcak±m±vacaradevehi, ar³p±vacaradevehi v±. Brahmun±ti r³p±vacar±r³p±vacarabrahmun±, r³p±vacarabrahmun± eva v±, bahukattuk±d²namiva nesa½ siddhi. Paj±tatt±ti yath±saka½ kammakilesehi pak±rena nibbattakatt±.

Eva½ vacanatthato attha½ dassetv± vacan²yatthato dassetu½ “tatth±”ti-±di vutta½. Pañcak±m±vacaradevaggahaºa½ p±risesañ±yena itaresa½ padantarehi visu½ gahitatt±. Chaµµhak±m±vacaradevaggahaºa½ pacc±sattiñ±yena. Tattha hi m±ro j±to, tanniv±s² ca. Yasm± cesa d±marikar±japutto viya tattha vasitatt± p±kaµo, tasm± santesupi aññesu vasavattimah±r±j±d²su p±kaµatarena teneva visesetv± vuttoti, ayañca nayo majjhim±gamaµµhakath±ya½ (ma. ni. aµµha. 2.290) pak±sitova. M±raggahaºena cettha ta½sambandhino dev±pi gahit± ok±salokena saddhi½ sattalokassa gahaºato. Evañhi vasavattisattalokassa anavasesapariy±d±na½ hoti. Brahmak±yik±dibrahmaggahaºampi pacc±sattiñ±yena. Paccatthikapacc±mittasamaºabr±hmaºaggahaºanti paccatthik± eva pacc±mitt±, teyeva samaºabr±hmaº±, tesa½ gahaºa½ tath±, tena b±hirakasamaºabr±hmaºaggahaºa½ vutta½, nidassanamattañceta½ apaccatthikapacc±mitt±nampi tesa½ imin± gahaºato. Samitap±pab±hitap±pasamaºabr±hmaºaggahaºanti pana s±sanikasamaºabr±hmaº±na½ gahaºa½ veditabba½. K±ma½ “sadevakan”ti-±divisesan±na½ vaseneva sattavisayopi lokasaddo viññ±yati samav±yatthavasena tulyayogavisayatt± tesa½, “salomako sapakkhako”ti-±d²su pana vijjam±natthavasena atulyayogavisayepi aya½ sam±so labbhat²ti byabhic±radassanato abyabhic±renatthañ±paka½ paj±gahaºanti ±ha “paj±vacanena sattalokaggahaºan”ti, na pana lokasaddena sattalokassa aggahitatt± eva½ vutta½. Ten±ha “t²hi padehi ok±salokena saddhi½ sattaloko”ti. Sadevak±divacanena upapattidev±na½, sassamaºabr±hmaº²vacanena visuddhidev±nañca gahitatt± vutta½ “sadeva…pe… manussaggahaºan”ti. Tattha sammutidev± r±j±no Avasesamanussaggahaºanti sammutidevehi, samaºabr±hmaºehi ca avasiµµhamanuss±na½ gahaºa½. Etth±ti etesu padesu. T²hi padeh²ti sadevakasam±rakasabrahmakapadehi. Dv²h²ti sassamaºabr±hmaº²sadevamanussapadehi. Sam±sapadatthesu sattalokassapi vuttanayena gahitatt± “ok±salokena saddhi½ sattaloko”ti vutta½.

“Aparo nayo”ti-±din± aparampi vacan²yattham±ha. Ar³pinopi satt± attano ±neñjavih±rena viharanto “dibbant²ti dev±”ti ida½ nibbacana½ laddhumarahant²ti ±ha “sadevakaggahaºena ar³p±vacaraloko gahito”ti. Tenev±ha bhagav± brahmaj±l±d²su “±k±s±nañc±yatan³pag±na½ dev±na½ sahabyatan”ti-±di, (a. ni. 3.197) ar³p±vacarabh³to ok±saloko, sattaloko ca gahitoti attho. Eva½ chak±m±vacaradevaloko, r³p² brahmalokoti etth±pi. Chak±m±vacaradevalokassa savisesa½ m±ravase pavattanato vutta½ “sam±rakaggahaºena chak±m±vacaradevaloko”ti. So hi tassa d±marikassa viya vasapavattanok±so. R³p² brahmaloko gahito p±risesañ±yena ar³p²brahmalokassa visu½ gahitatt±. Catuparisavasen±ti khattiyabr±hmaºagahapatisamaºac±tumah±r±jikat±vati½sam±rabrahmasaªkh±t±su aµµhasu paris±su khattiy±dicatuparisavaseneva tadaññ±sa½ sadevak±diggahaºena gahitatt±. Katha½ panettha catuparisavasena manussaloko gahitoti? “Sassamaºabr±hmaºin”ti imin± samaºaparis±, br±hmaºaparis± ca gahit±, “sadevamanussan”ti imin± khattiyaparis±, gahapatiparis± c±ti. “Pajan”ti imin± pana im±yeva catasso paris± vutt±. Catuparisasaªkh±ta½ pajanti hi idha attho.

Aññath± gahetabbam±ha “sammutidevehi v± saha manussaloko”ti. Katha½ pana gahitoti? “Sassamaºabr±hmaºin”ti imin± samaºabr±hmaº± gahit±, “sadevamanussan”ti imin± sammutidevasaªkh±t± khattiy±, gahapatisuddasaªkh±t± ca avasesamanuss±ti. Ito pana aññesa½ manussasatt±namabh±vato “pajan”ti imin± eteyeva cat³hi pak±rehi µhit± manussasatt± vutt±. Catukulappabheda½ pajanti hi idha attho. Eva½ vikappadvayepi paj±gahaºena catuparis±divasena manuss±naññeva gahitatt± id±ni avasesasattepi saªgahetv± dassetu½ “avasesasabbasattaloko v±”ti vutta½. Etth±pi catuparisavasena gahitena manussalokena saha avasesasabbasattaloko gahito, sammutidevehi v± saha avasesasabbasattalokoti yojetabba½. N±gagaru¼±divasena ca avasesasabbasattaloko. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– catuparisasahito avasesasuddan±gasupaººanerayik±disattaloko, catukulappabhedamanussasahito v± avasesan±gasupaººanerayik±disattaloko gahitoti.

Ett±vat± bh±gaso loka½ gahetv± yojana½ dassetv± id±ni tena tena visesena abh±gaso loka½ gahetv± yojana½ dassetu½ “apicetth±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha ukkaµµhaparicchedatoti ukka½sagatiparicchedato, tabbij±nanen±ti vutta½ hoti. Paµhamanayena hi pañcasu gat²su devagatipariy±pann±va pañcak±maguºasamaªgit±ya, d²gh±yukat±y±ti evam±d²hi visesehi seµµh±. Dutiyanayena pana ar³pino d³rasamuggh±µitakilesadukkhat±ya, santapaº²ta-±neñjavih±rasamaªgit±ya, ativiya d²gh±yukat±y±ti evam±d²hi visesehi ativiya ukkaµµh±. ¾cariyehi pana dutiyanayameva sandh±ya vutta½. Eva½ paµhamapadeneva padh±nanayena sabbalokassa sacchikatabh±ve siddhepi imin± k±raºavisesena sesapad±ni vutt±n²ti dasseti “tato yesan”ti-±din±. Tatoti paµhamapadato para½ ±h±ti sambandho. “Chak±m±vacarissaro” tiyeva vutte sakk±d²nampi tassa ±dhipacca½ siy±ti ±saªk±nivattanattha½ “vasavatt²”ti vutta½, tena s±hasikakaraºena vasavatt±panameva tass±dhipaccanti dasseti. So hi chaµµhadevalokepi anissaro tattha vasavattidevar±jasseva issaratt±. Ten±ha bhagav± aªguttar±gamavare aµµhanip±te d±n±nisa½sasutte “tatra bhikkhave vasavatt² devaputto d±namaya½ puññakiriyavatthu½ atireka½ karitv±…pe… paranimmitavasavatt² deve dasahi µh±nehi adhigaºh±t²”ti (a. ni. 8.36) vitth±ro. Majjhim±gamaµµhakath±yampi vutta½ “tatra hi vasavattir±j± rajja½ k±reti, m±ro pana ekasmi½ padese attano paris±ya issariya½ pavattento rajjapaccante d±marikar±japutto viya vasat²”ti (ma. ni. 1.60) “brahm± mah±nubh±vo”ti-±di dasasahassiya½ mah±brahmuno vasena vadati. “Ukkaµµhaparicchedato”ti hi heµµh± vuttameva. “Ekaªguliy±”ti-±di ekadesena mah±nubh±vat±dassana½. Anuttaranti seµµha½ navalokuttara½. Puth³ti bahuk±, visu½ bh³t± v±. Ukkaµµhaµµh±n±nanti ukka½sagatik±na½. Bh±v±nukkamoti bh±vavasena paresamajjh±say±nur³pa½ “sadevakan”ti-±dipad±na½ anukkamo, bh±vavasena anusandhikkamo v± bh±v±nukkamo, atth±nañceva pad±nañca anusandh±napaµip±µ²ti attho, ayameva v± p±µho tath±yeva samantap±s±dik±ya½ (p±r±. aµµha. verañjakaº¹avaººan± 1) diµµhatt±, ±cariyas±riputtattherena (s±rattha. µ². 1.verañjakaº¹avaººan±) ca vaººitatt±. “Vibh±van±nukkamo”tipi p±µho dissati, so pana tesu adiµµhatt± na sundaro.