Dhamm±nupassan±

N²varaºapabbavaººan±

382. Pah±tabb±didhammavibh±gadassanavasena pañcadh± dhamm±nupassan± niddiµµh±ti ayamattho p±¼ito eva viññ±yat²ti tamattha½ ulliªgento “pañcavidhena dhamm±nupassana½ kathetun”ti ±ha. Yadi eva½ kasm± n²varaº±divaseneva niddiµµhanti? Vineyyajjh±sayato. Yesañhi veneyy±na½ pah±tabbadhammesu paµhama½ n²varaº±ni vibh±gena vattabb±ni, tesa½ vasenettha bhagavat± paµhama½ n²varaºesu dhamm±nupassan± kathit±. Tath± hi k±y±nupassan±pi samathapubbaªgam± desit±, tato pariññeyyesu khandhesu, ±yatanesu ca bh±vetabbesu bojjhaªgesu, pariññeyy±divibh±gesu saccesu ca uttar± desan±, tasm± cettha samathabh±van±pi y±vadeva vipassanatth± icchit±. Vipassan±padh±n±, vipassan±bahul± ca satipaµµh±nadesan±ti tass± vipassan±bhinivesavibh±gena desitabh±va½ vibh±vento “apic±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha khandh±yatanadukkhasaccavasena missakapariggahakathana½ daµµhabba½. Saññ±saªkh±rakkhandhapariggahamp²ti pi-saddena sakalapañcup±d±nakkhandhapariggaha½ sampiº¹eti itaresa½ tadantogadhatt±.

“Kaºhasukkadhamm±na½ yuganandhat± natth²”ti paj±nanak±le abh±v± “abhiºhasamud±c±ravasen±”ti vutta½. Sa½vijjam±nanti attano sant±ne upalabbham±na½. Yath±ti yen±k±rena, so pana “k±macchandassa upp±do hot²”ti vuttatt± k±macchandassa k±raº±k±rova, atthato k±raºamev±ti ±ha “yena k±raºen±”ti. Ca-saddo vakkham±natthasamuccayattho.

Tatth±ti “yath± c±”ti-±din± vuttapade. Subhamp²ti k±macchandopi. So hi attano gahaº±k±rena “subhan”ti vutto, ten±k±rena pavattanakassa aññassa k±macchandassa nimittatt± “nimittan”ti ca. Iµµha½, iµµh±k±rena v± gayham±na½ r³p±di subh±rammaºa½. ¾kaªkhitassa hitasukhassa pattiy± anup±yabh³to manasik±ro anup±yamanasik±ro. Tanti ayonisomanasik±ra½ Tatth±ti tasmi½ sabh±gahetubh³te, ±rammaºabh³te ca duvidhe subhanimitte. ¾h±roti paccayo attano phala½ ±harat²ti katv±.

Asubhanti asubhajjh±na½ uttarapadalopena, ta½ pana dasasu aviññ±ºaka-asubhesu ca kes±d²su saviññ±ºaka-asubhesu ca pavatta½ daµµhabba½. Kes±d²su hi saññ± “asubhasaññ±”ti girim±nandasutte (a. ni. 10.60) vutt±. Ettha ca catubbidhassa ayonisomanasik±rassa, yonisomanasik±rassa ca gahaºa½ niravasesadassanattha½ katanti daµµhabba½, tesu pana asubhesu “subhan”ti, “asubhan”ti ca manasik±ro idh±dhippeto, tadanuk³latt± pana itare p²ti.

Ek±dasasu asubhesu paµikk³l±k±rassa uggaºhana½, yath± v± tattha uggahanimitta½ uppajjati, tath± paµipatti asubhanimittassa uggaho. Upac±rappan±vah±ya asubhabh±van±ya anuyuñjan± asubhabh±van±nuyogo. “Bhojane mattaññuno mit±h±rassa thinamiddh±bhibhav±bh±v± ot±ra½ alabham±no k±macchando pah²yat²”ti vadanti, ayameva ca attho niddesepi vuccati. Yo pana bhojanassa paµikk³lata½, tabbipariº±massa tad±dh±rassa tassa ca upanissayabh³tassa ativiya jegucchata½, k±yassa ca ±h±raµµhitikatta½ sammadeva j±n±ti, so sabbaso bhojane pam±ºassa j±nanena bhojanemattaññ³ n±ma. T±disassa hi k±macchando pah²yateva.

Asubhakammikatissatthero dantaµµhidass±v². Pah²nass±ti vikkhambhanavasena pah²nassa. Ito paresupi evar³pesu µh±nesu eseva nayo. Abhidhammapariy±yena (dha. sa. 1159, 1503) sabbopi lobho k±macchandan²varaºanti ±ha “arahattamaggen±”ti.

Paµighampi purimuppanna½ paµighanimitta½ parato uppajjanakassa paµighassa k±raºanti katv±.

Mejjati siniyhat²ti mitto, hites² puggalo, tasmi½ mitte bhav±, mittassa v± es±ti mett±, hitesit±, tass± mett±ya. Appan±pi upac±ropi vaµµati s±dh±raºavacanabh±vato. “Cetovimutt²”ti vutte appan±va vaµµati appana½ appatt±ya paµipakkhato suµµhu muccanassa abh±vato. Tanti yonisomanasik±ra½. Tatth±ti mett±ya. Bahula½ pavattayatoti bahul²k±ravato.

Sattesu mett±yanassa hit³pasa½h±rassa upp±dana½ pavattana½ mett±nimittassa uggaho, paµhamuppanno mett±manasik±ro parato uppajjanakassa k±raºabh±vato mett±manasik±rova mett±nimitta½. Kammameva saka½ etesanti kammassak±, satt±, tabbh±vo kammassakat±, kammad±y±dat±. Dosamett±su y±th±vato ±d²nav±nisa½s±na½ paµisaªkh±na½ v²ma½s± idha paµisaªkh±na½. Mett±vih±rikaly±ºamittavantat± idha kaly±ºamittat±. Odissaka-anodissakadis±pharaº±nanti (odhisaka-anodhisakadis±pharaº±na½ ma. ni. aµµha. 1.115) atta-atipiyasah±yamajjhattaverivasena odissakat±, s²m±sambhede kate anodissakat±. Ek±didis±pharaºavasena dis±pharaºat± mett±ya uggahaºe veditabb±. Vih±raracch±g±m±divasena v± odissakadis±pharaºa½. Vih±r±di-uddesarahita½ puratthim±didis±vasena anodissakadis±pharaºanti eva½ dvidh± uggahaºa½ sandh±ya “odissaka-anodissakadis±pharaº±nan”ti vutta½. Uggahoti ca y±va upac±r± daµµhabbo. Uggahit±ya ±sevan± bh±van±. Tattha sabbe satt±, p±º±, bh³t±, puggal±, attabh±vapariy±pann±ti etesa½ vasena pañcavidh±, ekekasmi½ aver± hontu aby±pajjh±, an²gh±, sukh² att±na½ pariharant³ti catudh± pavattito v²satividh± anodissakapharaº± mett±. Sabb± itthiyo, puris±, ariy±, anariy±, dev±, manuss±, vinip±tik±ti sattodhikaraºavasena pavatt± sattavidh±, aµµhav²sati vidh± v±, dasahi dis±hi disodhikaraºavasena pavatt± dasavidh±, ekek±ya v± dis±ya satt±di-itth±di-aver±dibhedena as²t±dhikacatusatappabhed± ca odhiso pharaº± veditabb±.

Yena ayonisomanasik±rena arati-±dik±ni uppajjanti, so arati-±d²su ayonisomanasik±ro. Tena nipph±detabbe hi ida½ bhumma½. Esa nayo ito paresupi. Ukkaºµhit± pantasen±sanesu, adhikusaladhammesu ca uppajjanabh±variñcan±. K±yavinaman±ti karajak±yassa vir³pen±k±rena naman±. L²n±k±roti saªkoc±patti.

Kusaladhammapaµipattiy± paµµhapanasabh±vat±ya, tappaµipakkh±na½ visosanasabh±vat±ya ca ±rambhadh±tu±dito pavattav²riyanti ±ha “paµham±rambhav²riyan”ti. Yasm± paµham±rambhamattassa kosajjavidhamana½, th±magamanañca natthi, tasm± vutta½ “kosajjato nikkhantat±ya tato balavataran”ti Yasm± pana apar±paruppattiy± laddh±sevana½ upar³pari visesa½ ±vahanta½ ativiya th±magatameva hoti, tasm± vutta½ “para½ para½ µh±na½ akkamanato tatopi balavataran”ti.

Atibhojane nimittagg±hoti atibhojane thinamiddhassa nimittagg±ho ettake bhutte ta½ bhojana½ thinamiddhassa k±raºa½ hoti, ettake na hot²ti thinamiddhassa k±raº±k±raºag±ho hot²ti attho. Byatirekavasena ceta½ vutta½, tasm± “ettake bhutte ta½ bhojana½ thinamiddhassa k±raºa½ na hot²”ti bhojane mattaññut± ca atthato dassit±ti daµµhabba½. Ten±ha “catupañca…pe… na hot²”ti. Div± s³riy±lokanti div± gahitanimitta½ s³riy±loka½ rattiya½ manasi karontass±p²ti evamettha attho veditabbo. Dhutaªg±na½ v²riyanissitatt± vutta½ “dhutaªganissitasapp±yakath±yap²”ti.

Kukkuccampi kat±kat±nusocanavasena pavattam±na½ cetaso av³pasam±vahat±ya uddhaccena sam±nalakkhaºamev±ti “av³pasamo n±ma av³pasant±k±ro, uddhaccakukkuccameveta½ atthato”ti vutta½.

Bahussutassa ganthato, atthato ca sutt±d²ni vic±rentassa tabbahulavih±rino atthaved±dipaµil±bhasabbh±vato vikkhepo na hot²ti, yath±vidhipaµipattiy±, yath±nur³papatik±rappavattiy± ca kat±kat±nusocanañca na hot²ti “b±husaccenapi…pe… uddhaccakukkucca½ pah²yat²”ti ±ha. Yadaggena b±husaccena uddhaccakukkucca½ pah²yati, tadaggena paripucchakat±vinayapakataññut±hipi ta½ pah²yat²ti daµµhabba½. Vuddhasevit± ca vuddhas²lita½ ±vahat²ti cetov³pasamakaratt± uddhaccakukkuccappah±nak±r² vutt±. Vuddhatta½ pana anapekkhitv± kukkuccavinodak± vinayadhar± kaly±ºamitt± vutt±ti daµµhabb±. Vikkhepo ca pabbajit±na½ yebhuyyena kukkuccahetuko hot²ti “kappiy±kappiyaparipucch±bahulass±”ti-±din± vinayanayeneva paripucchakat±dayo niddiµµh±. Pah²ne uddhaccakukkucceti niddh±raºe bhumma½. Kukkuccassa domanassasahagatatt± an±g±mimaggena ±yati½ anupp±do vutto.

Tiµµhati pavattati etth±ti µh±n²y± vicikicch±ya µh±n²y± vicikicch±µh±n²y±, vicikicch±ya k±raºabh³t± dhamm±, tiµµhat²ti v± µh±n²y±, vicikicch± µh±n²y± etiss±ti vicikicch±µh±n²y±, atthato vicikicch± eva. S± hi purimuppann± parato uppajjanakavicikicch±ya sabh±gahetut±ya as±dh±raºa½ k±raºa½.

Kusal±kusal±ti kosallasambh³taµµhena kusal±, tappaµipakkhato akusal±. Ye akusal±, te s±vajj±, asevitabb±, h²n± ca. Ye kusal±, te anavajj±, sevitabb±, paº²t± ca. Kusal± v± h²nehi chand±d²hi ±raddh± h²n±, paº²tehi paº²t±. Kaºh±ti k±¼ak± cittassa apabhassarabh±vakaraº±. Sukk±ti od±t± cittassa pabhassarabh±vakaraº±. Kaºh±bhij±tihetuto v± kaºh±. Sukk±bhij±tihetuto sukk±. Te eva sappaµibh±g±. Kaºh± hi ujuvipaccan²kat±ya sukkasappaµibh±g±, tath± sukk±pi itarehi. Atha v± kaºhasukk± ca sappaµibh±g± ca kaºhasukkasappaµibh±g±. Sukh± hi vedan± dukkh±ya vedan±ya sappaµibh±g±, dukkh± ca vedan± sukh±ya vedan±ya sappaµibh±g±ti.

K±ma½ b±husaccaparipucchakat±hi sabb±pi aµµhavatthuk± vicikicch± pah²yati, tath±pi ratanattayavicikicch±m³lik± sesavicikicch±ti katv± ±ha “t²ºi ratan±ni ±rabbh±”ti. Ratanattayaguº±vabodhe “satthari kaªkhat²”ti-±di (dha. sa. 1008, 1123, 1167, 1241, 1263, 1270; vibha. 915) vicikicch±ya asambhavoti. Vinaye pakataññut± “sikkh±ya kaªkhat²”ti vutt±ya vicikicch±ya pah±na½ karot²ti ±ha “vinaye ciººavas²bh±vass±p²”ti. Okappaniyasaddh±saªkh±ta-adhimokkhabahulass±ti saddheyyavatthuno anupavisanasaddh±saªkh±ta-adhimokkhena adhimuccanabahulassa, adhimuccanañca adhimokkhupp±danamev±ti daµµhabba½, saddh±ya v± ninnapoºat±-adhimutti adhimokkho.

Samudayavay±ti samudayavayadhamm±. Subhanimitta-asubhanimitt±d²s³ti “subhanimitt±d²su asubhanimitt±d²s³”ti ±di-saddo pacceka½ yojetabbo. Tattha paµhamena ±di-saddena paµighanimitt±d²na½ saªgaho, dutiyenamett±cetovimutti-±d²na½. Sesamettha ya½ vattabba½, ta½ vuttanayameva.

N²varaºapabbavaººan± niµµhit±.