Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm±sambuddhassa.

D²ghanik±ye

Mah±vaggaµ²k±

1. Mah±pad±nasuttavaººan±

Pubbeniv±sapaµisa½yuttakath±vaººan±

1. Yath±j±t±na½ karerirukkh±na½ ghanapattas±kh±viµapehi maº¹apasaªkhepehi sañchanno padeso “karerimaº¹apo”ti adhippeto. Dv±reti dv±rasam²pe. Dv±re µhitarukkhavasena aññatth±pi samaññ± atth²ti dassetu½ “yath±”ti-±di vutta½. Katha½ pana bhagav± mah±gandhakuµiya½ avasitv± tad± karerikuµik±ya½ vih±s²ti? S±pi buddhassa bhagavato vasanagandhakuµi ev±ti dassento “antojetavane”ti-±dim±ha. Sala¼±g±ranti devad±rurukkhehi katageha½. Pakatibhattassa pacchatoti bhikkh³na½ p±katikabhattak±lato pacch±, µhitamajjhanhikato upar²ti attho. Piº¹ap±tato paµikkant±nanti piº¹ap±tabhojanato apet±na½. Ten±ha “bhattakiccan”ti-±di.

Maº¹alasaºµh±n± m±¼asaªkhepena kat± nis²danas±l± “maº¹alam±¼an”ti adhippet±ti ±ha “nis²danas±l±y±”ti. Pubbeniv±sapaµisa½yutt±ti ettha pubba-saddo at²tavisayo, niv±sa-saddo kammas±dhano, khandhavinimutto ca nivasitadhammo natthi, khandh± ca sant±navaseneva pavattant²ti ±ha “pubbenivutthakkhandhasant±nasaªkh±tena pubbeniv±sen±”ti. Yojetv±ti visayabh±vena yojetv±. Pavattit±ti kathit±. Dhamm³pasa½hitatt± dhammato anapet±ti dhamm². Ten±ha “dhammasa½yutt±”ti.

Udap±d²ti paduddh±ro, tassa uppann± j±t±ti imin± sambandho. Ta½ panass± uppann±k±ra½ p±¼iya½ saªkhepatova dassita½, vitth±rato dassetu½ “aho acchariyan”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha ke anussaranti, ke n±nussarant²ti padadvaye paµhama½yeva sappapañcana½, na itaranti tadeva puggalabhedato, k±lavibh±gato, anussaraº±k±rato, opammato niddisantena “titthiy± anussarant²”ti-±di vutta½. Aggappattakammav±dinoti sikh±ppattakammav±dino “atthi kamma½ atthi kammavip±ko”ti (paµi. ma. 1.234) eva½ kammassakat±ñ±ºe µhit± t±pasaparibb±jak±. Catt±l²sa½yeva kappe anussarant²ti brahmaj±l±d²su (d². ni. 1.33) bhagavat± tath± paricchijja vuttatt±. Tato para½ na anussarant²ti tath±vacanañca diµµhigatopaµµhakassa tesa½ ñ±ºassa paridubbalabh±vato.

S±vak±ti mah±s±vak± tesañhi kappasatasahassa½ pubb±bhin²h±ro. Pakatis±vak± pana tato ³nakameva anussaranti. Yasm± “kapp±na½ lakkh±dhika½ eka½, dve ca asaªkhyeyy±n²”ti k±lavasena eva½ parim±ºo yath±kkama½ aggas±vakapaccekabuddh±na½ puññañ±º±bhin²h±ro, s±vakabodhipaccekabodhip±ramit±sambharaºañca, tasm± vutta½ “dve aggas±vak±…pe… kappasatasahassañc±”ti. Yadi bodhisambh±rasambharaºak±laparicchinno tesa½ tesa½ ariy±na½ abhiññ±ñ±ºavibhavo, eva½ sante buddh±nampissa saparicchedat± ±pann±ti codana½ sandh±y±ha “buddh±na½ pana ettakanti paricchedo natthi, y±vataka½ ±kaªkhanti, t±vataka½ anussarant²”ti “y±vataka½ neyya½, t±vataka½ ñ±ºan”ti (mah±ni. 156; c³¼ani. 85; paµi. ma. 3, 5) vacanato. Sabbaññutaññ±ºassa viya hi buddh±na½ abhiññ±ñ±º±nampi savisaye paricchedo n±ma natthi, tasm± ya½ ya½ ñ±tu½ icchanti, te ta½ ta½ j±nanti eva. Atha v± satipi k±laparicchede karuº³p±yakosallapariggah±din± s±tisayatt± mah±bodhisambh±r±na½ paññ±p±ramit±ya pavatti-±nubh±vassa paricchedo n±ma natthi, kuto tannimittak±na½ abhiññ±ñ±º±nanti vutta½ “buddh±na½…pe… natth²”ti.

Khandhapaµip±µiy±ti yath±paccaya½ anupubbapavattam±n±na½ khandh±na½ anupubbiy±. Khandhappavattinti vedan±dikkhandhappavatti½. Tesañhi anubhavan±di-±k±raggahaºamassa s±tisaya½, ta½ saññ±bhave tattha tattha anussaraºavasena gahetv± gacchant± ekavok±rabhave alabhant± “na passant²”ti vutt±, j±le patit± viya sakuº±, macch± viya c±ti adhipp±yo. Kuºµh± viy±ti dandh± viya. Paªgu¼± viy±ti p²µhasappino viya. Diµµhi½ gaºhant²ti adhiccasamuppannikadiµµhi½ gaºhanti. Yaµµhikoµihetuka½ gamana½ yaµµhikoµigamana½ khandhapaµip±µiy± amuñcanato.

Eva½ santep²ti k±ma½ buddhas±vak±pi asaññabhave khandhappavatti½ na passanti, eva½ santepi te buddhas±vak± asaññabhava½ laªghitv± parato anussaranti. “Vaµµe”ti-±di tath± tesa½ anussaraº±k±radassana½. Buddhehi dinnanaye µhatv±ti “yattha pañcakappasat±ni r³pappavattiyeva, na ar³pappavatti, so asaññabhavo”ti eva½ samm±sambuddhehi desit±ya½ dhammanettiya½ µhatv±. Evañhi antar± cutipaµisandhiyo apassant± parato anussaranti seyyath±pi ±yasm± sobhitoti (therag±. aµµha. 1.2.164 sobhitattherag±th±vaººan±). So kira pubbeniv±se ciººavas² hutv± anupaµip±µiy± attano nibbattaµµh±na½ anussaranto y±va asaññabhave attano acittakapaµisandhi t±va addasa, tato para½ pañcakappasataparim±ºe k±le cutipaµisandhiyo adisv± avas±ne cuti½ disv± “ki½ n±metan”ti ±vajjayam±no nayavasena “asaññabhavo bhavissat²”ti niµµha½ agam±si. Atha na½ bhagav± ta½ k±raºa½ aµµhuppatti½ katv± pubbeniv±sa½ anussarant±na½ aggaµµh±ne µhapesi. “Cutipaµisandhi½ oloketv±”ti ida½ cutipaµisandhivasena tesa½ ñ±ºassa saªkamanadassana½, tena sabbaso bhave an±masitv± gantu½ na sakkont²ti dasseti.

Ta½ tadeva passant²ti yath± n±ma saradasamaye µhitamajjhanhikavel±ya caturatanike gehe cakkhumato purisassa r³pagata½ sup±kaµameva hot²ti lokasiddhameta½, siy± pana tassa sukhumataratirohit±dibhedassa r³pagatassa agocarat±. Na tveva buddh±na½ ñ±tu½ icchitassa ñeyyassa agocarat±, atha kho ta½ ñ±º±lokena obh±sita½ hatthatale ±malaka½ viya sup±kaµa½ suvibh³tameva hoti tath± ñeyy±varaºassa suppah²natt±. Ten±ha “buddh± pana attan± v± parehi v± diµµhakatasuta½, s³riyamaº¹alobh±sasadisan”ti ca ±di.

Tath± s±vak± ca paccekabuddh± c±ti. Ettha tath±-saddena “attan± diµµhakatasutameva anussarant²”ti ida½ upasa½harati, tena sappadesameva nesa½ anussaraºa½, na nippadesanti nidasseti.

Khajjopanaka-obh±sasadisa½ ñ±ºassa ativiya app±nubh±vat±ya. S±vak±nanti ettha pakatis±vak±na½ p±katikapad²pobh±sasadisa½. Mah±s±vak±na½ (therag±. aµµha. 2.21 vaªg²settharag±th±vaººan±ya vitth±ro) mah±pad²pobh±sasadisa½. Ten±ha visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.402) “ukk±pabh±sadisan”ti. Osadhit±rakobh±sasadisanti ussann± pabh± et±ya dh²yati, osadh²na½ v± anubalappad±yakatt± “osadh²”ti eva½ laddhan±m±ya t±rak±ya pabh±sadisa½. Saradas³riyamaº¹alobh±sasadisa½ sabbaso andhak±ravidhamanato. Apaµubh±vahetuko visayaggahaºe cañcalabh±vo khalita½, kuºµhibh±vahetuko visayassa anabhisamayo paµigh±to. ¾vajjanapaµibaddhamev±ti ±vajjanamatt±dh²na½, ±vajjitamatte eva yathicchitassa paµivijjhanakanti attho. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo.

Asaªga-appaµihata½ pavattam±na½ bhagavato ñ±ºa½ lahutarepi visaye, garutare ca ekasadisamev±ti dassetu½ “dubbalapattapuµe”ti-±din± upam±dvaya½ vutta½. Dhammak±yatt± bhagavato guºa½ ±rabbha pavatt± “bhagavanta½yeva ±rabbha uppann±”ti vutta½. Ta½ sabbamp²ti ta½ yath±vutta½ sabbampi pubbeniv±sapaµisa½yutta½ katha½. Titthiy±na½, s±vak±nañca pubbeniv±s±nussaraºa½ bhagavato pubbeniv±s±nussaraºassa h²nud±haraºadassanavasenettha kathita½. Evañhi bhagavato mahantabh±vo visesato pak±sito hot²ti. Saªkhepatoti sam±sato. Yattakopi pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºassa pavattibhedo attano ñ±ºassa visayabh³to, ta½ sabba½ tad± yath±kathita½ te bhikkh³ saªkhipitv± “itip²”ti ±ha½su. Tassa ca anek±k±rat±ya ±me¹itavacana½, pi-saddo sampiº¹anattho, “iti kho bhikkhave sappaµibhayo b±lo”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 3.124; a. ni. 3.1) viya ±k±rattho iti-saddoti dassento “evamp²”ti tadattham±ha.

2-3. Vuttamev±ti ettha ca idha p±µhe ya½ vattabba½ tena p±µhena s±dh±raºa½, ta½ vuttamev±ti adhippeta½, na as±dh±raºa½ apubbapadavaººan±ya adhikatatt±ti ta½ dassento “ayameva hi viseso”ti-±dim±ha. “Assos²”ti ida½ savanakiccanipphattiy± vutta½ saddaggahaºamukhena tadatth±vabodhassa siddhatt±. Tattha pana p±¼iya½ “ima½ sa½khiyadhamma½ viditv±” icceva (d². ni. 1.2) vutta½. Ime bhikkh³ mama guºe thomenti, katha½? Mama pubbeniv±sañ±ºa½ ±rabbh±ti yojan±. Nipphattinti kiccanipphatti½, tena k±tabbakiccasiddhanti attho. Noti pucch±v±c² nu-iti imin± sam±nattho nip±toti vutta½ “iccheyy±tha n³”ti. Nanti bhagavanta½. “Ya½ bhagav±”ti ettha ya½-saddena kiriy±par±masanabh³tena “dhammi½ katha½ katheyy±”ti eva½ vutta½. Dhammikath±karaºa½ par±maµµha½ “etass±”ti padassa atthoti ±ha “etassa dhammikath±karaºass±”ti, ±daravasena pana ta½ dvikkhattu½ vutta½.

4. Suº±th±ti ettha iti-saddo ±di-attho, pak±rattho v±, etena “manasi karoth±”ti pada½ saªgaºh±ti. Sot±vadh±na½ sotassa odahana½, suss³s±ti attho. Chinna½ upacchinna½ vaµuma½ sa½s±ravaµµa½ etesanti chinnavaµumak±, samm±sambuddh±, aññe ca kh²º±sav±, idha pana samm±sambuddh± adhippet±. Tesañhi sabbaso anussaraºa½ itaresa½ avisayo. Ten±ha “aññesa½ as±dh±raºan”ti. Paccattavacane dissati ya½-saddo kammatthad²panato. Upayogavacane dissati ya½-saddo pucchanakiriy±ya kammatthad²panato. Tanti ca upayogavacanameva pucchati-saddassa dvikammakabh±vato. Yanti yena k±raºen±ti ayamettha atthoti ±ha “karaºavacane dissat²”ti. Bhummeti daµµhabboti yath± ya½-saddo na kevala½ paccatta-upayogesu eva, atha kho karaºepi dissati, eva½ idha bhummeti daµµhabbo. Dasasahassilokadh±tunti j±tikkhettabh³ta½ dasasahassacakkav±¼a½. Unn±dento uppajji anekacchariyap±tubh±vapaµimaº¹itatt± buddhupp±dassa.

K±lassa bhaddat± n±ma tattha satt±na½ guºavibh³tiy±, buddhupp±daparam± ca guºavibh³t²ti tabbahulat± yassa kappassa bhaddat±ti ±ha “pañcabuddhupp±dapaµimaº¹itatt± sundarakappe”ti, tath± s±rabh³taguºavasena “s±rakappe”ti “Ima½ kappa½ thomento evam±h±”ti vatv± imassa kappassa tath± thometabbat± anaññas±dh±raº±ti dassetu½ “yato paµµh±y±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha yato paµµh±y±ti yato pabhuti abhin²h±ro katoti manussatt±di-aµµhaªgasamann±gato abhin²h±ro pavattito. Sa½s±rassa an±dibh±vato imassa bhagavato abhin²h±rato puretara½ uppann± samm±sambuddh± anant± aparimeyy±ti tehi uppannakappe nivattento “etasmi½ antare”ti ±ha. K±ma½ d²paªkarabuddhupp±de aya½ bhagav± abhin²h±ramak±si, tassa pana bhagavato nibbatti imassa abhin²h±rato purimatar±ti vutta½ “amh±ka½…pe… nibbatti½s³”ti.

Asaªkhyeyyakappapariyos±neti mah±kapp±na½ asaªkhyeyyapariyos±ne. Esa nayo ito paresupi. “Ito ti½sakappasahass±na½ upar²”ti etena padumuttarassa bhagavato, sumedhassa ca bhagavato antare ek³nasattatikappasahass±ni buddhasuññ±ni ahesunti dasseti. “Ito aµµh±rasanna½ kappasahass±na½ upar²”ti imin± suj±tassa bhagavato, atthadassissa ca bhagavato antare eken³n±ni dv±dasakappasahass±ni buddhasuññ±ni ahesunti dasseti. “Ito catunavute kappe”ti imin± dhammadassissa bhagavato, siddhatthassa ca bhagavato antare ch±dhikanavasatuttar±ni sattarasakappasahass±ni buddhasuññ±ni ahesunti dasseti. “Ekati½se kappe”ti imin± vipassissa bhagavato, sikhissa ca bhagavato antare saµµhi kapp±ni buddhasuññ±ni ahesunti dasseti. Te sabbepi padumuttarassa bhagavato ora½ sumedh±d²hi uppannakappehi saddhi½ samodh±niyam±n± satasahass± kapp± honti, yattha mah±s±vak±dayo (therag±. aµµha. 2.21 vaªg²sattherag±th±vaººan±) vivaµµ³ panissay±ni kusal±ni sambhari½su. Buddhasuññepi loke paccekabuddh± uppajjitv± tesa½ purisavises±na½ puññ±bhisand±bhibuddhiy± paccay± honti. “Evamayan”ti-±di vuttamevattha½ nigamanavasena vadati.

“Ki½ panetan”ti-±di pubbanimittavibh±vanatth±ya ±raddha½. Tattha etanti buddh±na½ uppajjana½. Kappasaºµh±nak±lasminti vivaµµakappassa saºµhahanak±le. Ekamasaªkhyeyyanti sa½vaµµaµµh±yi½ sandh±y±ha. Ekaªgaºa½ hutv± µhiteti pabbatarukkhagacch±d²na½, megh±d²nañca abh±vena vivaµa½aªgaºa½ hutv± µhite. Lokasanniv±seti bh±janalokena sannivisitabbaµµh±ne. V²sati yaµµhiyo usabha½. “Usabhamatt±, dve usabhamatt±”ti-±din± pacceka½ matt±-saddo yojetabbo. Yojanasahassamatt± hutv±ti patam±n±va udakadh±r± yojanasahassamatta½ ±k±saµµh±na½ pharitv± pavattiy± yojanasahassamatt± hutv±. Y±va avinaµµhabrahmalok±ti y±va ±bhassarabrahmalok±, y±va subhakiºhabrahmalok±, y±va vehapphalabrahmalok±ti attho.

V±tavasen±ti saµµhisahass±dhikanavayojanasatasahassubbedhassa sandh±rakav±tamaº¹alassa vasena. Mah±bodhipallaªkoti mah±bodhipallaªkappadesam±ha. Tassa pacch± vin±so, paµhama½ saºµhahanañca dhammat±vasena veditabba½. Tatth±ti tasmi½ padese. Pubbanimitta½ hutv±ti buddhapp±dassa pubbanimitta½ hutv±. Pubbanimittasannissayo hi gaccho nissitavoh±rena tath± vutto. Ten±ha “tass±”ti-±di. Kaººik±baddh±ni hutv±ti ±baddhakaººik± viya hutv±. Suddh±v±sabrahm±no attaman±…pe… gacchant²ti yojan±. Vehapphalepi subhakiºhe saªgahetv± “nava brahmalok±”ti vutta½. Tath± hi te catutthi½yeva viññ±ºaµµhiti½ bhajanti. Nikkhamantes³ti mah±bhinikkhamana½ abhinikkhamantesu. Abhij±ti panettha j±tibh±vas±maññena gabbhokkantiy±va saªgahit±. Nim²yati anum²yati phala½ eten±ti nimitta½, k±raºa½. ѱpakampi hi k±raºa½ disv± tassa abyabhic±r²bh±vena phala½ siddhameva katv± gaºhi, yath± ta½ asito isi abhij±tiya½ mah±purisassa lakkhaº±ni disv± tesa½ abyabhic±r²bh±vena buddhaguºe siddhe eva katv± gaºhi, eva½ pana gayham±na½ tannimittaka½ phala½ tad±nubh±vena siddha½ viya vohar²yati tabbh±ve bh±vato. Ten±ha “tesa½ nimitt±na½ ±nubh±ven±”ti-±di. Tath± c±ha bhagav± “so tena lakkhaºena samann±gato…pe… r±j± sam±no ki½ labhati, buddho sam±no ki½ labhat²”ti (d². ni. 3.202, 204) ca evam±di. Imamatthanti pañca buddh± imasmi½ kappe uppajjissant²ti imamattha½ y±th±vato j±ni½su.