Mah±kassapattheravatthuvaººan±

231. P±v±ya kusin±ranti p±v±nagare piº¹±ya caritv± “kusin±ra½ gamiss±m²”ti addh±namaggappaµipanno hoti. Rukkham³le nis²d²ti ettha kasm± div±vih±ranti na vutta½? Div±vih±ratth±ya anisinnatt±. Therassa hi pariv±r± bhikkh³ sabbe sukhasa½vaddhit± mah±puññ±. Te majjhanhikasamaye tattap±s±ºasadis±ya bh³miy± padas± gacchant± kilami½su. Thero te disv±– “bhikkh³ kilamanti, gantabbaµµh±nañca na d³ra½, thoka½ vissamitv± daratha½ paµippassambhetv± s±yanhasamaye kusin±ra½ gantv± dasabala½ passiss±m²”ti magg± okkamma aññatarasmi½ rukkham³le saªgh±µi½ paññapetv± udakatumbato udakena hatthap±de s²tale katv± nis²di. Pariv±rabhikkh³pissa rukkham³le nis²ditv± yoniso manasik±re kamma½ kurum±n± tiººa½ ratan±na½ vaººa½ bhaºam±n± nis²di½su. Iti darathavinodanatth±ya nisinnatt± “div±vih±ran”ti na vutta½.

Mand±ravapuppha½ gahetv±ti mah±p±tippam±ºa½ puppha½ ±gantukadaº¹ake µhapetv± chatta½ viya gahetv±. Addasa khoti ±gacchanta½ d³rato addasa. Disv± ca pana cintesi–

“Eta½ ±j²vakassa hatthe mand±ravapuppha½ paññ±yati, etañca na sabbad± manussapathe paññ±yati, yad± pana koci iddhim± iddhi½ vikubbati, tad± sabbaññubodhisattassa ca m±tukucchi-okkaman±d²su hoti. Na kho pana ajja kenaci iddhivikubbana½ kata½, na me satth± m±tukucchi½ okkanto, na kucchito nikkhamanto, n±pissa ajja abhisambodhi, na dhammacakkappavattana½, na yamakap±µih±riya½, na devorohaºa½, na ±yusaªkh±rossajjana½. Mahallako pana me satth± dhuva½ parinibbuto bhavissat²”ti.

Tato– “pucch±mi nan”ti citta½ upp±detv±– “sace kho pana nisinnakova pucch±mi, satthari ag±ravo kato bhavissat²”ti uµµhahitv± µhitaµµh±nato apakkamma chaddanto n±gar±j± maºicamma½ viya dasabaladattiya½ meghavaººa½ pa½suk³lac²vara½ p±rupitv± dasanakhasamodh±nasamujjala½ añjali½ sirasmi½ patiµµhapetv± satthari katena g±ravena ±j²vakassa abhimukho hutv±– “±vuso, amh±ka½ satth±ra½ j±n±s²”ti ±ha. Ki½ pana satthu parinibb±na½ j±nanto pucchi aj±nantoti? ¾vajjanapaµibaddha½ kh²º±sav±na½ j±nana½, an±vajjitatt± panesa aj±nanto pucch²ti eke. Thero sam±pattibahulo, rattiµµh±nadiv±µµh±naleºamaº¹ap±d²su nicca½ sam±pattibaleneva y±peti, kulasantakampi g±ma½ pavisitv± dv±re sam±patti½ sam±pajjitv± sam±pattito vuµµhitova bhikkha½ gaºh±ti. Thero kira imin± pacchimena attabh±vena mah±jan±nuggaha½ kariss±mi– “ye mayha½ bhikkha½ v± denti gandham±l±d²hi v± sakk±ra½ karonti, tesa½ ta½ mahapphala½ hot³”ti eva½ karoti. Tasm± sam±pattibahulat±ya na j±n±ti. Iti aj±nantova pucchat²ti vadanti, ta½ na gahetabba½.

Na hettha aj±nanak±raºa½ atthi. Abhilakkhita½ satthu parinibb±na½ ahosi, dasasahassilokadh±tukampan±d²hi nimittehi. Therassa pana paris±ya kehici bhikkh³hi bhagav± diµµhapubbo, kehici na diµµhapubbo, tattha yehipi diµµhapubbo, tepi passituk±m±va, yehipi adiµµhapubbo, tepi passituk±m±va. Tattha yehi na diµµhapubbo, te atidassanak±mat±ya gantv± “kuhi½ bhagav±”ti pucchant± “parinibbuto”ti sutv± sandh±retu½ n±sakkhissanti. C²varañca pattañca cha¹¹etv± ekavatth± v± dunnivatth± v± dupp±rut± v± ur±ni paµipisant± parodissanti. Tattha manuss±– “mah±kassapattherena saddhi½ ±gat± pa½suk³lik± sayampi itthiyo viya parodanti, te ki½ amhe samass±sessant²”ti mayha½ dosa½ dassanti. Ida½ pana suñña½ mah±-arañña½, idha yath± tath± rodantesu doso natthi. Purimatara½ sutv± n±ma sokopi tanuko hot²ti bhikkh³na½ satupp±danatth±ya j±nantova pucchi.

Ajja satt±haparinibbuto samaºo gotamoti ajja samaºo gotamo satt±haparinibbuto. Tato me idanti tato samaºassa gotamassa parinibbutaµµh±nato.

232. Subhaddo n±ma vu¹¹hapabbajitoti “subhaddo”ti tassa n±ma½. Vu¹¹hak±le pana pabbajitatt± “vu¹¹hapabbajito”ti vuccati. Kasm± pana so evam±ha? Bhagavati ±gh±tena. Aya½ kireso khandhake ±gate ±tum±vatthusmi½ nah±pitapubbako vu¹¹hapabbajito bhagavati kusin±rato nikkhamitv± a¹¹hate¼asehi bhikkhusatehi saddhi½ ±tuma½ ±gacchante bhagav± ±gacchat²ti sutv±– “±gatak±le y±gup±na½ kariss±m²”ti s±maºerabh³miya½ µhite dve putte etadavoca– “bhagav± kira, t±t±, ±tuma½ ±gacchati mahat± bhikkhusaªghena saddhi½ a¹¹hate¼asehi bhikkhusatehi; gacchatha tumhe, t±t±, khurabhaº¹a½ ±d±ya n±¼iy±v±pakena anugharaka½ anugharaka½ ±hiº¹atha loºampi telampi taº¹ulampi kh±dan²yampi sa½haratha bhagavato ±gatassa y±gup±na½ kariss±m±”ti (mah±va. 303). Te tath± aka½su.

Manuss± te d±rake mañjuke paµibh±neyyake disv± k±retuk±m±pi ak±retuk±m±pi k±rentiyeva. Katak±le– “ki½ gaºhissatha t±t±”ti pucchanti. Te vadanti– “na amh±ka½ aññena kenaci attho, pit± pana no bhagavato, ±gatak±le y±gud±na½ d±tuk±mo”ti. Ta½ sutv± manuss± aparigaºetv±va ya½ te sakkonti ±haritu½, sabba½ denti. Yampi na sakkonti, manussehi pesenti. Atha bhagavati ±tuma½ ±gantv± bhus±g±ra½ paviµµhe subhaddo s±yanhasamaya½ g±madv±ra½ gantv± manusse ±mantesi– “up±sak±, n±ha½ tumh±ka½ santik± añña½ kiñci pacc±s²s±mi, mayha½ d±rakehi ±bhat±ni taº¹ul±d²niyeva saªghassa pahonti. Ya½ hatthakamma½, ta½ me deth±”ti. “Idañcidañca gaºhath±”ti sabb³pakaraº±ni g±hetv± vih±re uddhan±ni k±retv± eka½ k±¼aka½ k±s±va½ niv±setv± t±disameva p±rupitv±– “ida½ karotha, ida½ karoth±”ti sabbaratti½ vic±rento satasahassa½ vissajjetv± bhojjay±guñca madhugo¼akañca paµiy±d±pesi. Bhojjay±gu n±ma bhuñjitv± p±tabbay±gu, tattha sappimadhuph±ºitamacchama½sapupphaphalaras±di ya½ kiñci kh±dan²ya½ n±ma sabba½ pakkhipati k²¼ituk±m±na½ s²samakkhanayogg± hoti sugandhagandh±.

Atha bhagav± k±lasseva sar²rapaµijaggana½ katv± bhikkhusaªghaparivuto piº¹±ya caritu½ ±tumanagar±bhimukho p±y±si. Manuss± tassa ±rocesu½– “bhagav± piº¹±ya g±ma½ pavisati, tay± kassa y±gu paµiy±dit±”ti. So yath±nivatthap±ruteheva tehi k±¼akak±s±vehi ekena hatthena dabbiñca kaµacchuñca gahetv± brahm± viya dakkhiºaj±ºumaº¹ala½ bh³miya½ patiµµhapetv± vanditv±– “paµiggaºh±tu me, bhante, bhagav± y±gun”ti ±ha.

Tato “j±nant±pi tath±gat± pucchant²”ti khandhake ±gatanayena bhagav± pucchitv± ca sutv± ca ta½ vu¹¹hapabbajita½ vigarahitv± tasmi½ vatthusmi½ akappiyasam±d±nasikkh±padañca, khurabhaº¹apariharaºasikkh±padañc±ti dve sikkh±pad±ni paññapetv±– “bhikkhave, anekakappakoµiyo bhojana½ pariyesanteheva v²tin±mit±, ida½ pana tumh±ka½ akappiya½ adhammena uppanna½ bhojana½, ima½ paribhutt±na½ anek±ni attabh±vasahass±ni ap±yesveva nibbattissanti, apetha m± gaºhath±”ti bhikkh±c±r±bhimukho agam±si. Ekabhikkhun±pi na kiñci gahita½.

Subhaddo anattamano hutv± aya½ “sabba½ j±n±m²”ti ±hiº¹ati. Sace na gahituk±mo, pesetv± ±rocetabba½. Aya½ pakk±h±ro n±ma sabbacira½ tiµµhanto satt±hamatta½ tiµµheyya. Idañhi mama y±vaj²va½ pariyatta½ assa. Sabba½ tena n±sita½, ahitak±mo aya½ mayhanti bhagavati ±gh±ta½ bandhitv± dasabale dharante kiñci vattu½ n±sakkhi. Eva½ kirassa ahosi– “aya½ ucc± kul± pabbajito mah±puriso, sace kiñci vakkh±mi, ma½yeva santajjessat²”ti. Sv±ya½ ajja “parinibbuto bhagav±”ti sutv± laddhass±so viya haµµhatuµµho evam±ha.

Thero ta½ sutv± hadaye pah±rad±na½ viya matthake patitasukkh±sani viya maññi, dhammasa½vego cassa uppajji– “satt±hamattaparinibbuto bhagav±, ajj±pissa suvaººavaººa½ sar²ra½ dharatiyeva, dukkhena bhagavat± ±r±dhitas±sane n±ma eva½ lahu mahanta½ p±pakasaµa½ kaºµako uppanno, ala½ kho panesa p±po va¹¹ham±no aññepi evar³pe sah±ye labhitv± sakk± s±sana½ osakk±petun”ti. Tato thero cintesi–

“Sace kho pan±ha½ ima½ mahallaka½ idheva pilotika½ niv±s±petv± ch±rik±ya okir±petv± n²har±pess±mi, manuss± ‘samaºassa gotamassa sar²re dharam±neyeva s±vak± vivadant²’ti amh±ka½ dosa½ dassessanti adhiv±semi t±va.

Bhagavat± hi desito dhammo asaªgahitapupphar±sisadiso. Tattha yath± v±tena pahaµapupph±ni yato v± tato v± gacchanti, evameva evar³p±na½ p±papuggal±na½ vasena gacchante gacchante k±le vinaye eka½ dve sikkh±pad±ni nassissanti, sutte eko dve pañh±v±r± nassissanti, abhidhamme eka½ dve bh³mantar±ni nassissanti, eva½ anukkamena m³le naµµhe pis±casadis± bhaviss±ma; tasm± dhammavinayasaªgaha½ kariss±ma. Evañhi sati da¼ha½ suttena saªgahit±ni pupph±ni viya aya½ dhammavinayo niccalo bhavissati.

Etadatthañhi bhagav± mayha½ t²ºi g±vut±ni paccuggamana½ ak±si, t²hi ov±dehi upasampada½ ad±si, k±yato apanetv± k±ye c²varaparivattana½ ak±si, ±k±se p±ºi½ c±letv± cand³pama½ paµipada½ kathento ma½ k±yasakkhi½ katv± kathesi, tikkhattu½ sakalas±sanad±yajja½ paµicch±pesi. M±dise bhikkhumhi tiµµham±ne aya½ p±po s±sane vu¹¹hi½ m± alattha. Y±va adhammo na dippati, dhammo na paµib±hiyati. Avinayo na dippati vinayo na paµib±hiyati. Adhammav±dino na balavanto honti, dhammav±dino na dubbal± honti; avinayav±dino na balavanto honti, vinayav±dino na dubbal± honti. T±va dhammañca vinayañca saªg±yiss±mi. Tato bhikkh³ attano attano pahonaka½ gahetv± kappiy±kappiya½ kathessanti. Ath±ya½ p±po sayameva niggaha½ p±puºissati, puna s²sa½ ukkhipitu½ na sakkhissati, s±sana½ iddhañceva ph²tañca bhavissat²”ti.

So eva½ n±ma mayha½ citta½ uppannanti kassaci an±rocetv± bhikkhusaªgha½ samass±sesi. Tena vutta½– “atha kho ±yasm± mah±kassapo…pe… neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²”ti.

233. Citakanti v²saratanasatika½ candanacitaka½. ¾¼impess±m±ti aggi½ g±h±pess±ma. Na sakkonti ±¼impetunti aµµhapi so¼asapi dvatti½sapi jan± j±lanatth±ya yamakayamaka-ukk±yo gahetv± t±lavaºµehi b²jant± bhast±hi dhamant± t±ni t±ni k±raº±ni karont±pi na sakkontiyeva aggi½ g±h±petu½. Devat±na½ adhipp±yoti ettha t± kira devat± therassa upaµµh±kadevat±va. As²timah±s±vakesu hi citt±ni pas±detv± tesa½ upaµµh±k±ni as²tikulasahass±ni sagge nibbatt±ni. Tattha there citta½ pas±detv± sagge nibbatt± devat± tasmi½ sam±game thera½ adisv±– “kuhi½ nu kho amh±ka½ kul³pakatthero”ti antar±magge paµipanna½ disv± “amh±ka½ kul³pakattherena avandite citako m± pajjalitth±”ti adhiµµhahi½su.

Manuss± ta½ sutv±– “mah±kassapo kira n±ma bho bhikkhu pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhi½ ‘dasabalassa p±de vandiss±m²’ti ±gacchati. Tasmi½ kira an±gate citako na pajjalissati. K²diso bho so bhikkhu k±¼o od±to d²gho rasso, evar³pe n±ma bho bhikkhumhi µhite ki½ dasabalassa parinibb±na½ n±m±”ti keci gandham±l±dihatth± paµipatha½ gacchi½su. Keci v²thiyo vicitt± katv± ±gamanamagga½ olokayam±n± aµµha½su.

234. Atha kho ±yasm± mah±kassapo yena kusin±r±…pe… siras± vand²ti thero kira citaka½ padakkhiºa½ katv± ±vajjantova sallakkhesi– “imasmi½ µh±ne s²sa½, imasmi½ µh±ne p±d±”ti. Tato p±d±na½ sam²pe µhatv± abhiññ±p±daka½ catutthajjh±na½ sam±pajjitv± vuµµh±ya– “ar±sahassapaµimaº¹itacakkalakkhaºapatiµµhit± dasabalassa p±d± saddhi½ kapp±sapaµalehi pañca dussayugasat±ni suvaººadoºi½ candanacitakañca dvedh± katv± mayha½ uttamaªge sirasmi½ patiµµhahant³”ti adhiµµh±si. Saha adhiµµh±nacittena t±ni pañca dussayugasat±ni dvedh± katv± val±hakantar± puººacando viya p±d± nikkhami½su. Thero vikasitarattapadumasadise hatthe pas±retv± suvaººavaººe satthup±de y±va gopphak± da¼ha½ gahetv± attano siravare patiµµhapesi. Tena vutta½– “bhagavato p±de siras± vand²”ti.

Mah±jano ta½ acchariya½ disv± ekappah±reneva mah±n±da½ nadi, gandham±l±d²hi p³jetv± yath±ruci vandi. Eva½ pana therena ca mah±janena ca tehi ca pañcahi bhikkhusatehi vanditamatte puna adhiµµh±nakicca½ natthi. Pakati-adhiµµh±navaseneva therassa hatthato muccitv± alattakavaºº±ni bhagavato p±datal±ni candanad±ru-±d²su kiñci ac±letv±va yath±µh±ne patiµµhahi½su, yath±µh±ne µhit±neva ahesu½. Bhagavato hi p±desu nikkhamantesu v± pavisantesu v± kapp±sa-a½su v± dasikatanta½ v± telabindu v± d±rukkhandha½ v± µh±n± calita½ n±ma n±hosi. Sabba½ yath±µh±ne µhitameva ahosi. Uµµhahitv± pana atthaªgate cande viya s³riye viya ca tath±gatassa p±desu antarahitesu mah±jano mah±kandita½ kandi. Parinibb±nak±lato adhikatara½ k±ruñña½ ahosi.

Sayameva bhagavato citako pajjal²ti ida½ pana kassaci pajjal±petu½ v±yamantassa adassanavasena vutta½. Devat±nubh±vena panesa samantato ekappah±reneva pajjali.

235. Sar²r±neva avasissi½s³ti pubbe ekagghanena µhitatt± sar²ra½ n±ma ahosi. Id±ni vippakiººatt± sar²r±n²ti vutta½ sumanamaku¼asadis± ca dhotamuttasadis± ca suvaººasadis± ca dh±tuyo avasissi½s³ti attho. D²gh±yukabuddh±nañhi sar²ra½ suvaººakkhandhasadisa½ ekameva hoti. Bhagav± pana– “aha½ na cira½ µhatv± parinibb±y±mi, mayha½ s±sana½ t±va sabbattha na vitth±rita½, tasm± parinibbutass±pi me s±sapamattampi dh±tu½ gahetv± attano attano vasanaµµh±ne cetiya½ katv± paricaranto mah±jano saggapar±yaºo hot³”ti dh±t³na½ vikiraºa½ adhiµµh±si. Kati, panassa dh±tuyo vippakiºº±, kati na vippakiºº±ti. Catasso d±µh±, dve akkhak±, uºh²santi im± satta dh±tuyo na vippakiri½su, ses± vippakiri½s³ti. Tattha sabbakhuddak± dh±tu s±sapab²jamatt± ahosi, mah±dh±tu majjhe bhinnataº¹ulamatt±, atimahat² majjhe bhinnamuggamatt±ti.

Udakadh±r±ti aggab±humatt±pi jaªghamatt±pi t±lakkhandhamatt±pi udakadh±r± ±k±sato patitv± nibb±pesi. Udakas±latoti pariv±retv± µhitas±larukkhe sandh±yeta½ vutta½, tesampi hi khandhantaraviµapantarehi udakadh±r± nikkhamitv± nibb±pesu½. Bhagavato citako mahanto. Samant± pathavi½ bhinditv±pi naªgalas²samatt± udakavaµµi phalikavaµa½sakasadis± uggantv± citakameva gaºhanti. Gandhodaken±ti suvaººaghaµe rajataghaµe ca p³retv± ±bhatan±n±gandhodakena. Nibb±pesunti suvaººamayarajatamayehi aµµhadaº¹akehi vikiritv± candanacitaka½ nibb±pesu½.

Ettha ca citake jh±yam±ne pariv±retv± µhitas±larukkh±na½ s±khantarehi viµapantarehi pattantarehi j±l± uggacchanti, patta½ v± s±kh± v± puppha½ v± da¹¹h± n±ma natthi, kipillik±pi makkaµak±pi j±l±na½ antareneva vicaranti ¾k±sato patita-udakadh±r±supi s±larukkhehi nikkhanta-udakadh±r±supi pathavi½ bhinditv± nikkhanta-udakadh±r±supi dhammakath±va pam±ºa½. Eva½ citaka½ nibb±petv± pana mallar±j±no santh±g±re catujj±tiyagandhaparibhaº¹a½ k±retv± l±japañcam±ni pupph±ni vikiritv± upari celavit±na½ bandhitv± suvaººat±rak±d²hi khacitv± tattha gandhad±mam±l±d±maratanad±m±ni olambetv± santh±g±rato y±va makuµabandhanasaªkh±t± s²sapas±dhanamaªgalas±l±, t±va ubhohi passehi s±ºikilañjaparikkhepa½ k±retv± upari celavit±na½ bandh±petv± suvaººat±rak±d²hi khacitv± tatthapi gandhad±mam±l±d±maratanad±m±ni olambetv± maºidaº¹avaººehi veº³hi ca pañcavaººaddhaje uss±petv± samant± v±tapaµ±k± parikkhipitv± susammaµµh±su v²th²su kadaliyo ca puººaghaµe ca µhapetv± daº¹akad²pik± j±letv± alaªkatahatthikkhandhe saha dh±t³hi suvaººadoºi½ µhapetv± m±l±gandh±d²hi p³jent± s±dhuk²¼ita½ k²¼ant± antonagara½ pavesetv± santh±g±re sarabhamayapallaªke µhapetv± upari setacchatta½ dh±resu½. Eva½ katv±– “atha kho kosin±rak± mall± bhagavato sar²r±ni satt±ha½ santh±g±re sattipañjara½ karitv±”ti sabba½ veditabba½.

Tattha sattipañjara½ karitv±ti sattihatthehi purisehi parikkhip±petv±. Dhanup±k±ranti paµhama½ t±va hatthikumbhena kumbha½ paharante parikkhip±pesu½, tato asse g²v±ya g²va½ paharante, tato rathe ±ºikoµiy± ±ºikoµi½ paharante, tato yodhe b±hun± b±hu½ paharante. Tesa½ pariyante koµiy± koµi½ paharam±n±ni dhan³ni parikkhip±pesu½. Iti samant± yojanappam±ºa½ µh±na½ satt±ha½ sann±hagavacchika½ viya katv± ±rakkha½ sa½vidahi½su. Ta½ sandh±ya vutta½– “dhanup±k±ra½ parikkhip±petv±”ti.

Kasm± panete evamaka½s³ti? Ito purimesu hi dv²su satt±hesu te bhikkhusaªghassa µh±nanisajjok±sa½ karont± kh±dan²ya½ bhojan²ya½ sa½vidahant± s±dhuk²¼ik±ya ok±sa½ na labhi½su. Tato nesa½ ahosi– “ima½ satt±ha½ s±dhuk²¼ita½ k²¼iss±ma, µh±na½ kho paneta½ vijjati ya½ amh±ka½ pamattabh±va½ ñatv± kocideva ±gantv± dh±tuyo gaºheyya, tasm± ±rakkha½ µhapetv± k²¼iss±m±”ti. Te tath± evamaka½su.