2. Vibhaªgam±tik±
Id±ni dhammasaªgaº²m±tik±nantara½ vibhaªgam±tik±ya atthavaººan± anuppatt±. Tass± pana–
Atthato dhammabhedena, vibhaªganayadassan±;
p±¼imuttanay± c±pi, hoti sa½vaººan±nayo.
S± panes± aµµh±rasanna½ vibhaªg±na½ ±dimhi µhapit± aµµh±rasavidh± hoti– khandhavibhaªgam±tik±-±yatana-dh±tu-sacca-indriya-paccay±k±ra-satipaµµh±na-sammappadh±na-iddhip±dabojjhaªga-maggaªgajh±na-appamaññ±-sikkh±pada-paµisambhid±-ñ±ºa-khuddakavatthu-dhammahadayavibhaªgam±ti
Khandhavibhaªgam±tikatthavaººan±
Tattha ±dibh³t±ya khandhavibhaªgam±tik±ya atthato t±va– pañcakkhandh±ti ettha pañc±ti gaºanaparicchedo, tena na tato heµµh±, na uddhanti dasseti. Khandh±ti paricchinnadhammanidassana½. Tatr±ya½ khandha-saddo sambahulesu µh±nesu nipatati r±simhi guºe paººattiya½ ru¼hiyanti. Tattha “mah±-udakakkhandho”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 5.1037; a. ni. 4.51; 5.45; 6.37) hi r±sito khandho n±ma. “S²lakkhandho sam±dhikkhandho”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 3.355) guºato. “Addas± kho bhagav± mahanta½ d±rukkhandhan”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 4.241) paººattito. “Viññ±ºa½ viññ±ºakkhandho”ti-±d²su (dha. sa. 63) ekampi citta½ ru¼hito khandho n±ma, sv±yamidha r±sito adhippeto. R±saµµho hi khandha-saddo, koµµh±saµµhotipi vattu½ vaµµati. Lokasmi½ hi iºa½ gahetv± codiyam±n± “dv²hi khandhehi dass±ma t²hi khandhehi dass±m±”ti vadanti, tasm± khandhoti koµµh±soti vutta½ hoti. R³pakkhandhoti ettha ruppat²ti r³pa½, s²tuºh±d²hi pasiddh±k±rena ruppati ghaµµ²yati, p²¼iyat²ti attho. Vutta½ heta½ bhagavat±–
“Ruppat²ti kho, bhikkhave, tasm± r³panti vuccati. Kena ruppati? S²tenapi ruppati, uºhenapi ruppati, jighacch±yapi ruppati, pip±s±yapi ruppat²”ti-±di (sa½. ni. 3.79).
R³pañca ta½ khandho c±ti r³pakkhandho, r³par±si r³pakoµµh±soti attho. Vedan±kkhandh±d²supi eseva nayoti aya½ t±vettha atthato sa½vaººan±nayo. Dhammabhedato panettha heµµh± kusalattike vibhatt± at²t±dibhedabhinn± sabbe r³padhamm± r³pakkhandho n±ma. Tath± catubh³mak± vedan±saññ±yo vedan±kkhandho n±ma, saññ±kkhandho n±ma. Vedan±saññ± pana µhapetv± ses± phass±dayo paññ±sa cetasik± saªkh±rakkhandho n±ma. Pañcasu khandhesu nibb±nameva asaªgahita½, up±d±nakkhandhesu pana sabbe lokuttaradhamm±. Ayameva hi khandhehi up±d±nakkhandh±na½ viseso. Khandh± avisesato vutt±, up±d±nakkhandh± s±savop±d±niyabh±vena visesetv±. Idha pana avisesena vuttatt± nibb±na½ µhapetv± avases± sabbe dhamm± saªgaha½ gacchant²ti aya½ dhammabhedato sa½vaººan±nayo. Vibhaªganayadassan±ti vibhaªgap±¼iy± ±gata-atthanayadassanato. Vibhaªgap±¼iya½ hi suttantabh±jan²ya½ abhidhammabh±jan²ya½ pañh±pucchakanti t²hi nayehi khandhavibhaªgo vibhatto. Tath± ±yatanavibhaªg±dayo. Kevala½ hi indriyavibhaªge, sikkh±padavibhaªge ca suttantabh±jan²ya½ natthi. Paccay±k±ravibhaªge pañh±pucchaka½ natthi. ѱºavibhaªg±d²su pana t²su tayopi nay± na santi. Tesu hi ñ±ºavibhaªgo ekavidhato paµµh±ya y±va dasavidh± vibhatto, khuddakavatthuvibhaªgo ekavidhato paµµh±ya y±va dv±saµµhipabhed± vibhatto, dhammahadayavibhaªgo pana sabbasaªgah±d²hi dasahi v±rehi vibhatto, tasm± tesa½ tesa½ nay±na½ mukhamattadassanavasena tattha tattha sa½vaººan± bhavissanti. Tatrida½ khandhavibhaªge tiººa½ nay±na½ mukhamattadassana½. Seyyathida½– suttantabh±jan²ye t±va r³pakkhandho–
“Tattha katamo r³pakkhandho? Ya½ kiñci r³pa½ at²t±n±gatapaccuppanna½ ajjhatta½ v± bahiddh± v± o¼±rika½ v± sukhuma½ v± h²na½ v± paº²ta½ v± ya½ d³re santike v±, tadekajjha½ abhisaññ³hitv± abhisaªkhipitv± aya½ vuccati r³pakkhandho”ti (vibha. 2)–
Eva½ uddisitv± vitth±rato vibhatto, tath± vedan±kkhandh±dayopi. Tattha niyakajjhatta½ n±ma ajjhattar³pa½ ajjhatta½ n±ma, tato añña½ parapuggalagata½, aviññ±ºañca bahiddh± n±ma, tath± vedan±dayopi. Pas±davisayar³pa½ pana o¼±rika½ n±ma, sesa½ sukhuma½ n±ma. Aniµµhar³pa½ h²na½ n±ma, iµµhar³pa½ paº²ta½ n±ma.
Nanu iµµh±niµµha½ n±ma p±µekka½ paµivibhatta½ n±ma natthi, eka½ ekaccassa iµµha½ hoti man±pa½, tadeva aññassa ca aniµµha½ hoti. Vatth±d²ni hi s³kar±d²na½ nappiy±ni honti, na manuss±d²na½, tesañca vatth±bharaº±d²ni piy±ni, na s³kar±d²nanti, tasm± rucivaseneva iµµh±niµµhat± gahetabb±? Na, iµµh±niµµh±na½ p±µekka½ vibhattatt±. Kusalakammaja½ hi kusalavip±kavisayova iµµha½ n±ma, akusalakammaja½ akusalavip±kavisayova aniµµha½ n±ma, saññ±vipall±sena pana koci iµµhameva buddhar³p±di½ javanakkhaºe aniµµhato manasi karoti, aniµµhañca nirayaggisatthavis±di½ iµµhato manasi karoti. Javanehi eva vipall±sabh±vo, na vip±keh²ti vip±kavasena iµµh±niµµha½ niyata½ veditabba½. Sammohavinodaniy± pana vibhaªgaµµhakath±ya–
“Sukhasamphassa½ hi g³thakalala½ cakkhudv±ragh±nadv±resu aniµµha½, k±yadv±re iµµha½ hoti. Cakkavattino maºiratanena pothiyam±nassa, suvaººas³le utt±siyam±nassa ca maºiratanasuvaººas³l±ni cakkhudv±re iµµh±ni honti, k±yadv±re aniµµh±n²”ti (vibha. aµµha. 6)–
Eva½ dv±ravasena ekasseva vatthuno iµµhat±, aniµµhat± ca vutt±. S± ca ekakkhaºe na yutt± ekakal±pagatabh³top±d±yar³p±na½ ekas±maggiyamuppattito. Na hi bh³tesu akusalavasena aniµµhesu uppajjantesu tadup±d±yar³p±dikusalena iµµh±ni uppajjanti, bhinnakkhaºe pana iµµh±ni maºiratan±d²ni tehi pothiyam±nassa akusalapaccayena utun± aniµµh±ni vipariºamanti, kusalapaccayena aniµµh±ni g³thakalal±d²ni iµµh±n²ti, aya½ no attanomati. Eva½ vibhattesu ca iµµh±niµµhesu ta½ ta½ r³pa½ up±d±yup±d±ya h²na½, paº²tañca daµµhabba½. Sukhuma½ pana r³pa½ d³rer³pa½ n±ma, o¼±rika½ santiker³pa½ n±ma. Ta½ ta½ v± pana r³pa½ up±d±yup±d±ya r³pa½ d³re santike daµµhabba½. Sesa½ vuttanayameva.
Vedan±d²su pana akusal± vedan± o¼±rik±, itar± sukhum±. Kusal±kusal± o¼±rik±, aby±kat± sukhum±. Dukkh± vedan± o¼±rik±, itar± sukhum±. Sukhadukkh± v± o¼±rik±, itar± sukhum±. Asam±pannassa v± vedan± o¼±rik±, sam±pannassa sukhum±. S±sav± o¼±rik± an±sav± sukhum±. Ta½ ta½ v± pana vedana½ up±d±yup±d±ya o¼±rikasukhumat± daµµhabb±. Akusal± vedan± kusal±by±kat±hi d³re, t± ca t±ya d³reti eva½ j±tisabh±vapuggalabh³mibhedato vuttanayena d³revedan± daµµhabb±, kusal± vedan± kusal±ya santiketi eva½ j±ti-±dis±maññato santikevedan± daµµhabb±. Ta½ ta½ v± pana vedana½ up±d±yup±d±ya vedan± d³resantike daµµhabb±. Eva½ saññ±kkhandh±d²supi yath±nur³pa½ o¼±rikasukhumat±dayo veditabb±ti. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana vibhaªgap±¼i-aµµhakath±su (vibha. 8 ±dayo; vibha. aµµha. 8 ±dayo) gahetabboti aya½ suttantabh±jan²yanayo. Abhidhammabh±jan²yanaye r³pakkhandhassa t±va ekavidh±dito y±va ek±dasavidh± r³pakaº¹e vuttanayena veditabb±. Vedan±kkhandho pana ekavidho phassasampayutto, duvidho sahetukadukavasena, tividho kusalattikavasena, catubbidho catubh³makavasena, pañcavidho sabh±vabhedena, chabbidho chadv±rikavasena, sattavidho sattaviññ±ºasampayogavasena, aµµhavidho tesu k±yaviññ±ºasampayutta½ sukhadukkhavasena dvidh± bhinditv±, navavidho tesu manoviññ±ºasampayutta½ kusalattikavasena tidh± bhinditv±, dasavidho tesu k±yaviññ±ºasampayutta½ duvidh±, manoviññ±ºasampayuttañca tidh± bhinditv±ti eva½ sahetukadukam³la½ paµhamav±ra½ vatv± puna kusalattikaµµh±ne vedan±ttikap²tittikasanidassanattikavajjite sabbattike yojetv± y±va dasavidh±, aparepi aµµh±rasa v±r± vutt±. Yath± cettha sahetukadukam³lik± sabbattikayojan±, eva½ hetusampayuttaduk±d²su anur³padukam³lik±pi saraºadukapariyos±n± pacceka½ sabbattikayojan±pi veditabb±ti aya½ dukam³lako yojan±nayo. Yath± ca ekekadukena sabbattikayojan±vasena dukam³lako nayo vutto, eva½ ekekattikena yath±nur³pa½ sabbadukayojan±vasena tikam³lako, tadubhayamissakavasena ubhatova¹¹hanako ca nayo veditabbo. Yath± cettha vedan±kkhandhe, eva½ saññ±kkhandh±d²supi yath±raha½ dukam³lak±dinay± veditabb±ti aya½ abhidhammabh±jan²yanayo. Pañh±pucchakanaye pana pañcanna½ khandh±na½ kati kusal±, kati akusal±, kati aby±kat±, kati sukh±ya vedan±ya sampayutt±…pe… kati saraº±, kati araº±ti? R³pakkhandho aby±kato, catt±ro khandh± siy± kusal±, siy± akusal±, siy± aby±kat±, r³pa½, vedan± ca vedan±ttike na vattabb±, ses± tidh±pi honti, r³pa½ nevavip±kanavip±kadhammadhamma½, siy± up±dinnup±d±niya½, siy± anup±dinnup±d±niya½, asa½kiliµµhasa½kilesika½, ses± catt±ro khandh± t²hi tikehi tidh±pi honti. R³pa½ avitakka-avic±ra½, tayo khandh± tidh±pi honti, saªkh±rakkhandho tidh± ca na vattabbo ca. R³pa½ na vattabba½, vedan± siy± p²tisahagat±, na vattabb±, tayo tidh± ca na vattabb± ca. R³pa½ nevadassanenanabh±van±yapah±tabba½, nadassanenanabh±van±yapah±tabbahetuka½, nev±cayag±mina-apacayag±mi, nevasekha½n±sekha½, paritta½, ses± tidh±pi honti. Paritt±rammaºattike r³pa½ an±rammaºa½, ses± tidh± ca na vattabb± ca. R³pa½ majjhima½, aniyata½, ses± tidh±pi. Magg±rammaºattike ca r³pa½ an±rammaºa½, ses± tidh±pi v± na vattabb±. Uppann±t²tattikesu pañcapi tidh± honti. At²t±rammaºattike r³pa½ an±rammaºa½, ses± tidh± ca na vattabb± ca. Ajjhattattike pañcapi tidh± honti. Ajjhatt±rammaºattike r³pa½ an±rammaºa½, ses± tidh±pi na vattabb± ca. Catt±ro khandh± anidassana-appaµigh±, r³pakkhandho tidh±pi hoti. Catt±ro khandh± nahet³, saªkh±rakkhandho siy± hetu, siy± na hetu. R³pa½ ahetuka½, hetuvippayutta½, ses± dvidh±pi. Tayo khandh± siy± sahetuk± ceva na ca het³, siy± na vattabb± ca, saªkh±rakkhandho dvidh± ca na vattabbo ca, r³pa½ na vattabbameva. Tath± anantaradukepi. R³pa½ nahetu-ahetuka½, tayo dvidh±pi, saªkh±rakkhandho dvidh± ca na vattabbo ca. Pañcapi sappaccay±, saªkhat±, catt±ro anidassan±, appaµigh±, r³pa½ dvidh±pi. R³pa½ r³p², ses± ar³pino. R³pa½ lokiya½, ses± dvidh±pi. Pañcapi kenaci viññeyy±, na ca kenaci viññeyy± ca. Catt±ro no ±sav±, saªkh±r± dvidh±pi, na vattabb± ca. R³pa½ s±savo, ±savavippayutto ses± dvidh±pi. R³pa½ s±sav± ceva no ca ±sav±, tayo tath± ca na vattabb± ca. Saªkh±ro dvidh± ca na vattabbo ca. R³pa½ na vattabbameva, tayo siy± ±savasampayutt± ceva no ca ±sav±, siy± na vattabb±, saªkh±ro dvidh± ca na vattabbo ca. R³pa½ ±savavippayutta½ s±savañca, ses± dvidh± ca na vattabb± ca. Imin± nayena sa½yojanagocchak±d²supi yojan± veditabb±. Kevala½ hi par±m±sasampayuttaduke r³pa½ par±m±savippayutta½, tayo dvidh±pi, saªkh±ro dvidh±pi, diµµhivasena na vattabbo ca. Tatiye ettakameva viseso. R³pa½ an±rammaºa½, ses± s±rammaº±. Viññ±ºa½ citta½, ses± no citt±. Tayo cetasik±, dve acetasik±. Tayo cittasampayutt±, r³pa½ cittavippayutta½. Viññ±ºa½ na vattabba½. Tath± cittasa½saµµhadukepi. Tayo cittasamuµµh±n±, viññ±ºa½ no cittasamuµµh±na½. R³pa½ dvidh±pi. Tath± anantaradukadvayepi. Tayo cittasa½saµµhasamuµµh±n±, dve no cittasa½saµµhasamuµµh±n±. Tath± anantaradukadvayepi. Viññ±ºa½ ajjhattika½, tayo b±hir±, r³pa½ dvidh±pi. Catt±ro no up±d±. R³pa½ dvidh±pi. Pañcapi siy± up±dinn±, siy± anup±dinn±, no up±d±n±. Kilesagocchako vuttanayova. R³pa½ nevadassanenanabh±van±ya pah±tabba½, ses± dvidh±pi. Eva½ y±vap²tiduk± yojan± veditabb±. R³pa½ na vedan±, na sukh±, na sukhasahagat±, ses± dvidh±pi. Tath± anantaradukepi. R³pa½ k±m±vacara½, ses± dvidh±pi. Eva½ y±va saraºaduk± yojan± veditabb±. Aya½ pañh±pucchakanayo. Ime pana nay± vitth±rato p±¼i-aµµhakath±hi ñ±tabb±. Atthavinicchayo ca nesa½ dhammasaªgaº²m±tikatthasa½vaººan±ya vutt±nus±rena ñ±tabbo. Ito para½ atireka½ avatv± apubbameva vaººayiss±m±ti aya½ vibhaªganayadassanato sa½vaººan±nayo. Id±ni panettha–
Kamaton³n±dhikato, daµµhabbasamabhedato;
p±¼imuttanayo ñeyyo, khandhakosallamicchat±.
Tattha kamatoti ettha uppattikkamo pah±nakkamo paµipattikkamo bh³mikkamo desan±kkamoti bahuvidhesu kamesu khandh±na½ desan±kkamova yujjati, na itare, asambhav±. Abhedena hi pañcasu khandhesu attagg±hapatita½ veneyyajana½ sam³haghanavinibbhogadassanena attagg±hato mocetuk±mo bhagav± hitak±mo tassa tassa janassa sukhaggahaºattha½ cakkhu-±d²na½ visayabh³ta½ o¼±rika½ paµhama½ r³pakkhandha½ desesi, tato iµµh±niµµhavisayasa½vedaka½ o¼±rika½ vedana½, ya½ vedeti, ta½ sañj±n±t²ti eva½ vedan±visayassa ±k±ragg±hika½ sañña½, saññ±vasen±bhisaªkh±rake saªkh±re, tesa½ vedan±d²na½ nissay±dhipatibh³ta½ viññ±ºanti aya½ t±vettha kamo. An³n±dhikatoti kasm± pana bhagavat± pañceva khandh± vutt± an³n± anadhik±ti? Sabbasaªkhatasabh±gekasaªgahato, attattaniyagg±havatthussa etapparamato, aññesañca tadavarodhato. Anekappabhedesu hi saªkhatadhammesu sabh±gavasena saªgayham±nesu r³pa½ r³pasabh±gekasaªgahavasena eko khandho hoti, vedan± vedan±sabh±gekasaªgahavasena eko khandho hoti. Esa nayo saññ±d²supi, tasm± sabbasaªkhatasabh±gekasaªgahato pañceva vutt±. Etaparamañceta½ attattaniyagg±havatthu, yadida½ r³p±dayo pañca, tasm± attattaniyagg±havatthussa etaparamatopi pañceva vutt±. Yepi caññe s²l±dayo pañca dhammakkhandh± vutt±, tepi saªkh±rakkhandhapariy±pannatt± ettheva avarodha½ gacchanti, tasm± aññesa½ tadavarodhatopi pañceva vutt±ti aya½ an³n±dhikato. Daµµhabbasamabhedatoti daµµhabbabhedato, upam±bhedato ca. Tattha daµµhabbabhedato t±va pañcup±d±nakkhandh± s±maññato ukkhitt±sikapaccatthikato, bh±rato, kh±dakato, aniccadukkha-anattasaªkh±tavadhakato ca daµµhabb±. Visesato pana pheºapiº¹a½ viya r³pa½ daµµhabba½, udakabubbu¼amar²cikakadalikkhandham±y± viya yath±kkama½ vedan±dayo daµµhabb±. Yath± hi pheºapiº¹o vimadd±saho, so ca pattath±lak±di-attha½ gahitopi tamattha½ na s±dheti, bhijjati, eva½ r³pampi vimadd±saha½, tañca subh±divasena gahitampi na tath± tiµµhati, asubh±diyeva hoti. Yath± v± pheºapiº¹o anekasandhighaµito bahunna½ udakasapp±dip±ºak±na½ ±v±so, ±dito cesa badarapakkamatto hutv± anupubbava¹¹hanako uµµhitamattopi cesa bhijjati, thoka½ gantv±pi, samudda½ patv± pana avassameva bhijjati eva½ r³pampi chidd±vachidda½ anekasandhighaµita½ as²tikimikulavokiººa½, ±dito ceta½ kalalamatta½ hutv± anupubbava¹¹hanaka½, kalalamattepi ceta½ bhijjati, abbud±dibh±vepi ±yukkhaya½ patv± avassameva bhijjati. Eva½ pheºapiº¹asadisa½ daµµhabba½. Yath± pana bubbu¼o muhuttaramaº²yo agayhupago na ciraµµhitikova, eva½ vedan±pi. Yath± ca bubbu¼o udakatala½, udakabindu½, udakajallaka½ saªka¹¹hitv± puµa½ katv± gahaºav±tañc±ti catt±ri k±raº±ni paµicca uppajjati, eva½ vedan±pi vatthu½, ±rammaºa½, kilesajalla½, phassasaªghaµµanañc±ti catt±ri k±raº±ni paµicca uppajjat²ti s± bubbu¼asadis± daµµhabb±. Yath± pana mar²cik± jal±say±dibh±vena vippalambhik±, eva½ saññ±pi nicc±dibh±ven±ti mar²cisadis± daµµhabb±. Yath± pana kadalikkhandho agayhupago bahuvaµµisamodh±no, eva½ saªkh±rakkhandhopi agayhupagonicc±dis±ravirahito, phass±dibahudhammasamodh±no ca hot²ti so kadalikkhandhasadiso daµµhabbo. Yath± pana m±y± asuvaººarajat±dir³p±nipi tath± g±h±petv± mah±jana½ vañceti, eva½ viññ±ºampi anicc±dir³pa½ teneva cittena ±gacchanta½ viya nicc±dito ca g±h±petv± vañcet²ti ta½ m±y±sadisa½ daµµhabba½. Vuttañca–
“Pheºapiº¹³pama½ r³pa½, vedan± bubbu¼³pam±;
mar²cik³pam± saññ±, saªkh±r± kadal³pam±;
m±y³pamañca viññ±ºa½, desit±diccabandhun±”ti. (Sa½. ni. 3.95).
Ayamettha daµµhabbabhedo.
Upam±bhedato ca pana gil±nas±l³pamo r³pup±d±nakkhandho, gelaññ³pamo vedanup±d±nakkhandho, gelaññasamuµµh±n³pamo saññup±d±nakkhandho, asapp±yasevan³pamo saªkh±rup±d±nakkhandho gil±n³pamo viññ±ºup±d±nakkhandho. Apica c±rakak±raºa-apar±dhak±raºak±raka-apar±dhik³pam± ete bh±janabhojanabyañjanaparivesakabhuñjak³pam± c±ti ayamettha upam±bhedo. Eva½ p±¼imuttakavinicchayanayo ñeyyo.
Khandhavibhaªgam±tikatthavaººan± niµµhit±.