Aparasmi½ bhikkhumhi ±gate vuµµh±petv± sen±sana½ d±petabba½. Vuttañhi aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318) “utuk±le t±va keci ±gantuk± bhikkh³ purebhatta½ ±gacchanti, keci pacch±bhatta½ paµhamay±ma½ v± majjhimay±ma½ v± pacchimay±ma½ v±, ye yad± ±gacchanti, tesa½ tad±va bhikkh³ uµµh±petv± sen±sana½ d±tabba½, ak±lo n±ma natth²”ti. Etarahi pana saddh± pasann± manuss± vih±ra½ katv± appekacce paº¹it±na½ vacana½ sutv± “saªghe dinna½ mahapphalan”ti ñatv± c±tuddisa½ saªgha½ ±rabbha “ima½ vih±ra½ ±gat±n±gatassa c±tuddisassa saªghassa dem±”ti vatv± denti, appekacce attan± pasanna½ bhikkhu½ ±rabbha vih±ra½ katv±pi d±nak±le tena uyyojit± hutv± c±tuddisa½ saªgha½ ±rabbha vuttanayena denti, appekacce karaºak±lepi d±nak±lepi attano kul³pakabhikkhumeva ±rabbha pariccajanti, tath±pi dakkhiºodakap±tanak±le tena sikkh±pit± yath±vuttap±µha½ vac²bheda½ karonti, cittena pana kul³pakasseva denti, na sabbasaªghas±dh±raºattha½ icchanti.
Imesu t²su d±nesu paµhama½ pubbak±lepi d±nak±lepi saªgha½ uddissa pavattatt± sabbasaªghika½ hoti. Dutiya½ pubbak±le puggala½ uddissa pavattam±nampi d±nak±le saªgha½ uddissa pavattatt± saªghikameva. Tatiya½ pana pubbak±lepi d±nak±lepi kul³pakapuggalameva uddissa pavattati, na saªgha½, kevala½ bhikkhun± vutt±nus±reneva vac²bheda½ karonti. Eva½ sante “ki½ aya½ vih±ro cittavasena puggaliko hoti, vac²bhedavasena saªghiko”ti cint±ya½ ekacce eva½ vadeyyu½–
“Manopubbaªgam± dhamm±, manoseµµh± manomay±;
manas± ce pasannena, bh±sati v± karoti v±;
tato na½ sukhamanveti, ch±y±va anap±yin²ti. (Dha. pa. 2)–

Vacanato cittavasena puggaliko hot²”ti. Aññe “yath± d±yak± vadanti, tath± paµipajjitabbanti (c³¼ava. aµµha. 325) vacanato vac²bhedavasena saªghiko hot²”ti.

Tatr±ya½ vic±raº±– ida½ d±na½ pubbe puggalassa pariºata½ pacch± saªghassa pariº±mita½, tasm± “saªghiko”ti vutte navasu adhammikad±nesu “puggalassa pariºata½ saªghassa pariº±met²”ti (p±r±. 660) vutta½ aµµhama½ adhammikad±na½ hoti, tassa d±nassa paµiggah±pi paribhog±pi adhammikapaµiggah± adhammikaparibhog± honti. “Puggaliko”ti vutte t²su dhammikad±nesu “puggalassa dinna½ puggalasseva det²”ti vutta½ tatiyadhammikad±na½ hoti, tassa paµiggah±pi paribhog±pi dhammikapaµiggah± dhammikaparibhog± honti, tasm± puggalikapakkha½ bhajati. Appekacce suttantik±digaºe pas²ditv± vih±ra½ k±retv± gaºassa denti “ima½ vih±ra½ ±yasmant±na½ damm²”ti. Appekacce puggale pas²ditv± vih±ra½ katv± puggalassa denti “ima½ vih±ra½ ±yasmato damm²”ti. Ete pana gaºasantakapuggalik± vih±r± d±nak±lato paµµh±ya paµigg±hakasantak±va honti, na d±yakasantak±. Tesu gaºasantako t±va ekaccesu matesu avases±na½ santako, tesu dharam±nesuyeva kassaci denti, tassa santako. Kassaci adatv± sabbesu matesu saªghiko hoti. Vuttañhi aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 369) “dvinna½ santaka½ hoti avibhatta½, ekasmi½ k±lakate itaro s±m², bah³na½ santakepi eseva nayo. Sabbesu matesu saªghika½va hot²”ti.
Puggalikavih±ropi yadi so paµigg±hakapuggalo attano j²vam±nak±leyeva saddhivih±rik±d²na½ deti, koci v± tassa viss±sena ta½ vih±ra½ aggahesi, tassa santako hoti. Kassaci adatv± k±lakate saªghiko hoti. Vuttañhi aµµhakath±ya½ “so j²vam±noyeva sabba½ attano parikkh±ra½ nissajjitv± kassaci ad±si, koci v± viss±sa½ aggahesi. Yassa dinno, yena ca gahito, tasseva hot²”ti. P±¼iyañca (mah±va. 369) “bhikkhussa, bhikkhave, k±lakate saªgho s±m² pattac²vare, apica gil±nupaµµh±k± bah³pak±r±. Anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, saªghena tic²varañca pattañca gil±nupaµµh±k±na½ d±tu½, ya½ tattha lahubhaº¹a½ lahuparikkh±ra½, ta½ sammukh²bh³tena saªghena bh±jetu½, ya½ tattha garubhaº¹a½ garuparikkh±ra½, ta½ ±gat±n±gatassa c±tuddisassa saªghassa avissajjiya½ avebhaªgikan”ti (mah±va. 369) vutta½, tasm± imin± nayena vinicchayo k±tabbo.
Saªghike pana p±¼iya½ ±gat±na½ “purimako pacchimako antar±muttako c±”ti (c³¼ava. 318) vutt±na½ tiººa½ sen±sanagg±h±nañca aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318) ±gat±na½ “utuk±le ca vass±v±se c±”ti vutt±na½ dvinna½ sen±sanagg±h±nañca etarahi asampajjanato anuµµh±pan²yap±¼iya½ ±gatassa attano sabh±vena anuµµh±pan²yassa dhuvav±satth±ya saªghena dinnat±ya anuµµh±pan²yassa vaseneva vinicchayo hoti. Vu¹¹hataragil±n± hi attano sabh±vena anuµµh±pan²y± honti. Vuttañheta½ aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 343) “vu¹¹hataro attano vu¹¹hat±ya navakatarena na vuµµh±petabbo, gil±no attano gil±nat±y±”ti. Bhaº¹±g±rikadhammakathik±dayo dhuvav±satth±ya saªghena dinnat±ya anuµµh±pan²y± honti. Vuttañhi “saªgho pana bhaº¹±g±rikassa v± dhammakathikavinayadhar±d²na½ v±…pe… dhuvav±satth±ya vih±ra½ sammannitv± deti, tasm± yassa saªghena dinno, sopi anuµµh±pan²yo”ti (p±ci. aµµha. 120; kaªkh±. aµµha. anupakhajjasikkh±padavaººan±). So eva½ veditabbo– etarahi saªghikavih±resu saªghattheresu yath±kammaªgatesu tasmi½ vih±re yo bhikkhu vu¹¹hataro, sopi “aya½ vih±ro may± vasitabbo”ti vadati. Yo tattha byatto paµibalo, sopi tatheva vadati. Yena so vih±ro k±rito, sopi “may± pas²ditapuggalo ±ropetabbo”ti vadati. Saªghopi “mayameva issar±, tasm± amhehi icchitapuggalo ±ropetabbo”ti vadati. Eva½dvidh± v± tidh± v± catudh± v± bhinnesu mahanta½ adhikaraºa½ hoti.
Tesu vu¹¹hataro “na tvev±ha½, bhikkhave, kenaci pariy±yena vu¹¹hatarassa ±sana½ paµib±hitabbanti vad±mi, yo paµib±heyya, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti p±¼ip±µhañca (mah±va. 473; c³¼ava. 316), “vu¹¹hataro attano vu¹¹hat±ya navakatarena na vuµµh±petabbo”ti aµµhakath±vacanañca (p±ci. aµµha. 119 ±dayo; kaªkh±. aµµha. anupakhajjasikkh±padavaººan±) gahetv± “ahameva ettha vu¹¹hataro, may± vu¹¹hataro añño natthi, tasm± ahameva imasmi½ vih±re vasitumanucchaviko”ti saññ² hoti. Byattopi “bahussutassa saªghabh±ranitth±rakassa bhikkhuno anuµµh±pan²yasen±sanamp²”ti pariv±raµµhakath±vacanañca (pari. aµµha. 495-496), “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, byattena bhikkhun± paµibalena dasavassena v± atirekadasavassena v± upasamp±detu½, nissaya½ d±tun”ti-±dip±¼ivacanañca (mah±va. 76, 82) gahetv± “ahameva ettha byatto paµibalo, na may± añño byattataro atthi, tasm± ahameva imassa vih±rassa anucchaviko”ti saññ². Vih±rak±rakopi “yena vih±ro k±rito, so vih±ras±mikoti vinayap±µho (p±ci. aµµha. 116) atthi, may± ca bahu½ dhana½ cajitv± aya½ vih±ro k±rito, tasm± may± pasannapuggalo ±ropetabbo, na añño”ti saññ². Saªghopi “saªghiko n±ma vih±ro saªghassa dinno hoti pariccatto”ti-±dip±¼ivacanañca (p±ci. 116, 121, 126, 131), antamaso caturaªgulap±daka½ g±mad±rakehi pa½sv±g±rakesu k²¼antehi katampi saªghassa dinnak±lato paµµh±ya garubhaº¹a½ hot²”ti-±di-aµµhakath±vacanañca (c³¼ava. aµµha. 321) gahetv± “aya½ vih±ro saªghiko saªghasantako, tasm± amhehi abhirucitapuggalova ±ropetabbo, na añño”ti saññ².
Tattha vu¹¹hatarassa vacanepi “na tvev±ha½, bhikkhave”ty±divacana½ (c³¼ava. 316) tesu tesu ±sanas±l±d²su agg±sanassa vu¹¹hatar±rahatt± bhatta½ bhuñjitv± nisinnopi bhikkhu vu¹¹hatare ±gate vuµµh±ya ±sana½ d±tabba½ sandh±ya bhagavat± vutta½, na dhuvav±sa½ sandh±ya. “Vu¹¹hataro attano vu¹¹hat±ya”ty±divacanañca (p±ci. aµµha. 120; kaªkh±. aµµha. anupakhajjasikkh±padavaººan±) yath±vu¹¹ha½ sen±sane d²yam±ne vu¹¹hatare ±gate navakataro vuµµh±petabbo, vuµµh±petv± vu¹¹hatarassa sen±sana½ d±tabba½, vu¹¹hataro pana navakatarena na vuµµh±petabbo. Kasm±? “Attano vu¹¹hatarat±y±”ti utuk±le yath±vu¹¹ha½ sen±sanad±na½ sandh±ya vutta½, na dhuvav±satth±ya d±na½ sandh±ya tasm± idampi vacana½ upaparikkhitabba½, na s²gha½ anuj±nitabba½.
Byattavacanepi “bahussutassa saªghabh±ranitth±rakassa”ty±divacanañca (pari. aµµha. 445-496) na bahussutamattena saªghikavih±rassa issarabh±va½ sandh±ya vutta½, atha kho tassa bhikkhussa bah³pak±rata½ guºavisiµµhatañca sallakkhetv± saªghena ph±suka½ ±v±sa½ anuµµh±pan²ya½ katv± dinne so bhikkhu kenaci tamh± vih±r± anuµµh±pan²yo hoti, imamattha½ sandh±ya vutta½. “Anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave”ty±divacanañca (mah±va. 82) nissay±cariy±na½ lakkhaºa½ pak±setu½ bhagavat± vutta½, na saªghikavih±rassa issaratta½, tasm± idampi vacana½ upaparikkhitabba½, na s²gha½ anuj±nitabba½.
D±yakavacana½ pana n±nuj±nitabba½ paµib±hitabba½. Kasm±? “Yena vih±ro k±rito”ty±dip±µhassa amukhyavoh±ratt±. Yath± hi puthujjanak±le r³p±d²su sañjanassa bh³tapubbatt± bh³tapubbagatiy± arah±pi “satto”ti, eva½ d±nak±lato pubbe tassa vih±rassa s±mibh³tapubbatt± d±yako “vih±ras±miko”ti vuccati, na issaratt±. Na hi sakale vinayapiµake aµµhakath±µ²k±su ca “vissajjetv± dinnassa vih±rassa d±yako issaro”ti v± “d±yakena vic±retabbo”ti v± “d±yakasantakavih±ro”ti v± p±µho atthi, “saªghiko, gaºasantako, puggaliko”icceva atthi, tasm± tassa vacana½ n±nuj±nitabba½.
Saªghassa vacanepi “saªghiko n±ma vih±ro”ty±divacana½ (p±ci. 116, 121, 126, 131) saªghasantakabh±va½ saªghena vic±retabbabh±va½ d²peti, saªgho pana vic±rento pañcaªgasamann±gata½ bhikkhu½ sen±sanagg±h±paka½ sammannitv± tena yath±vu¹¹ha½ vic±retabbo v± hoti, samaggena saªghena duvaªgasamann±gatassa bhikkhuno apalokanakammena dhuvav±satth±ya d±tabbo v±. Tesu pañcaªgasamann±gatassa bhikkhuno dullabhatt± sen±sanagg±h±pakasammutiy± abh±ve sati duvaªgasamann±gato bhikkhu pariyesitabbo. Eva½ pana apariyesitv± bhaº¹±g±rikat±dibaha-³pak±rat±yuttassa bahussutat±diguºavisiµµhat±virahassa bhikkhuno ±misagarukat±divasena saªghena vih±ro d±tabbo na hoti, tasm± saªghavacanampi upaparikkhitabba½, na t±va anuj±nitabba½.
Atha t²ºipi vacan±ni sa½sandetabb±ni. Tattha saªghassa issaratt± saªgho pucchitabbo “ko puggalo tumhehi abhirucito”ti, pucchitv± “eso”ti vutte “kasm± abhirucito”ti pucchitv± “eso puggalo amhe c²var±dipaccayehi anuggahet±, amh±ka½ ñ±tis±lohito, upajjh±yo, ±cariyo, saddhivih±riko, antev±siko, sam±nupajjh±yako, sam±n±cariyako, piyasah±yo, l±bh², yasass², tasm± amhehi abhirucito”ti vutte “na ett±vat± dhuvav±satth±ya vih±ro d±tabbo”ti paµikkhipitabbo. Atha “eso puggalo sabbehi amhehi vu¹¹hataro agg±sana½ aggodaka½ aggapiº¹a½ arahati, dhuvav±satth±ya vih±ro pana tassa d±tabboti aµµhakath±cariyehi na vutto”ti vatv± paµikkhipitabbo. Atha “dhammakathiko, vinayadharo, gaºav±caka-±cariyo”ti vutte “eso dhuvav±satth±ya dinnavih±rassa anucchaviko, etassa d±tabbo”ti anumoditabbo. Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ce? “Saªgho pana bhaº¹±g±rikassa v± dhammakathikavinayadhar±d²na½ v± gaºav±caka-±cariyassa v± bah³pak±rata½ guºavisiµµhatañca sallakkhento dhuvav±satth±ya vih±ra½ sammannitv± det²”ti vacanato viññ±yati (p±ci. aµµha. 129; kaªkh±. aµµha. anupakhajjasikkh±padavaººan±).