Bh³maµµhakath±

94. Tatr±ya½ anutt±napadavaŗŗan±ya saddhi½ vinicchayakath±. Nikh±tanti bh³miya½ khaŗitv± µhapita½. Paµicchannanti pa½su-iµµhak±d²hi paµicchanna½. Bh³maµµha½ bhaŗ¹a½…pe… gacchati v±, ±patti dukkaµass±ti ta½ eva½ nikhaŗitv± v± paµicch±detv± v± µhapitatt± bh³miya½ µhita½ bhaŗ¹a½ yo bhikkhu kenacideva up±yena ńatv± “±hariss±m²”ti theyyacitto hutv± rattibh±ge uµµh±ya gacchati, so bhaŗ¹aµµh±na½ appatv±pi sabbak±yavac²vik±resu dukkaµa½ ±pajjati. Katha½? So hi tassa ±haraŗatth±ya uµµhahanto ya½ ya½ aŖgapaccaŖga½ phand±peti, sabbattha dukkaµameva. Niv±sanap±rupana½ saŗµhapeti, hatthav±re hatthav±re dukkaµa½. “Mahanta½ nidh±na½ na sakk± ekena ±haritu½, dutiya½ pariyesiss±m²”ti kassaci sah±yassa santika½ gantuk±mo dv±ra½ vivarati, padav±re ca hatthav±re ca dukkaµa½. Dv±rapidahane pana ańńasmi½ v± gamanassa anupak±re an±patti. Tassa nipannok±sa½ gantv± “itthann±m±”ti pakkosati, tamattha½ ±rocetv± “ehi gacch±m±”ti vadati, v±c±ya v±c±ya dukkaµa½. So tassa vacanena uµµhahati, tass±pi dukkaµa½. Uµµhahitv± tassa santika½ gantuk±mo niv±sanap±rupana½ saŗµhapeti, dv±ra½ vivaritv± tassa sam²pa½ gacchati, hatthav±rapadav±resu sabbattha dukkaµa½. So ta½ pucchati “asuko ca asuko ca kuhi½, asukańca asukańca pakkos±h²”ti, v±c±ya v±c±ya dukkaµa½. Sabbe sam±gate disv± “may± asukasmi½ n±ma µh±ne evar³po nidhi upaladdho, gacch±ma ta½ gahetv± puńń±ni ca kariss±ma, sukhańca j²viss±m±”ti vadati, v±c±ya v±c±ya dukkaµameva.

Eva½ laddhasah±yo kud±la½ pariyesati. Sace panassa attano kud±lo atthi, “ta½ ±hariss±m²”ti gacchanto ca gaŗhanto ca ±haranto ca sabbattha hatthav±rapadav±resu dukkaµa½ ±pajjati Sace natthi, ańńa½ bhikkhu½ v± gahaµµha½ v± gantv± y±cati, y±canto ca sace “kud±la½ me dehi, kud±lena me attho kińci k±tabbamatthi, ta½ katv± pacc±hariss±m²”ti mus± abhaŗanto y±cati, v±c±ya v±c±ya dukkaµa½. Sace “m±tik± sodhetabb± atthi, vih±re bh³mikamma½ k±tabba½ atth²”ti mus±pi bhaŗati, ya½ ya½ vacana½ mus±, tattha tattha p±cittiya½. Mah±-aµµhakath±ya½ pana saccepi alikepi dukkaµameva vutta½, ta½ pam±dalikhitanti veditabba½. Na hi adinn±d±nassa pubbapayoge p±cittiyaµµh±ne dukkaµa½ n±ma atthi. Sace pana kud±lassa daŗ¹o natthi, “daŗ¹a½ kariss±m²”ti v±si½ v± pharasu½ v± niseti, tadatth±ya gacchati, gantv± sukkhakaµµha½ chindati tacchati ±koµeti, sabbattha hatthav±rapadav±resu dukkaµa½. Allarukkha½ chindati, p±cittiya½. Tato para½ sabbapayogesu dukkaµa½. SaŖkhepaµµhakath±ya½ pana mah±paccariyańca tattha j±takakaµµhalat±chedanattha½ v±sipharasu½ pariyesant±nampi dukkaµa½ vutta½. Sace pana tesa½ eva½ hoti “v±sipharasukud±le y±cant± ±saŖkit± bhaviss±ma, loha½ samuµµh±petv± karom±”ti. Tato arańńa½ gantv± lohab²jattha½ pathavi½ khaŗanti, akappiyapathavi½ khaŗant±na½ dukkaµehi saddhi½ p±cittiy±n²ti mah±paccariya½ vutta½. Yath± ca idha, eva½ sabbattha p±cittiyaµµh±ne dukkaµ± na muccati. Kappiyapathavi½ khaŗant±na½ dukkaµ±niyeva. B²ja½ pana gahetv± tato para½ sabbakiriy±su payoge payoge dukkaµa½.

Piµakapariyesanepi hatthav±rapadav±resu vuttanayeneva dukkaµa½. Mus±v±de p±cittiya½. Piµaka½ k±tuk±mat±ya vallicchedane p±cittiyanti sabba½ purimanayeneva veditabba½. Gacchati v± ±patti dukkaµass±ti eva½ pariyiµµhasah±yakud±lapiµako nidhiµµh±na½ gacchati, padav±re padav±re dukkaµa½. Sace pana gacchanto “ima½ nidhi½ laddh± buddhap³ja½ v± dhammap³ja½ v± saŖghabhatta½ v± kariss±m²”ti kusala½ upp±deti, kusalacittena gamane an±patti. Kasm±? “Theyyacitto dutiya½ v±…pe… gacchati v±, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti vuttatt±. Yath± ca idha, eva½ sabbattha atheyyacittassa an±patti. Maggato okkamma nidh±naµµh±na½ gamanatth±ya magga½ karonto bh³tag±ma½ chindati, p±cittiya½. Sukkhakaµµha½ chindati, dukkaµa½.

Tatthaj±takanti ciranihit±ya kumbhiy± upari j±taka½. Kaµµha½ v± lata½ v±ti na kevala½ kaµµhalatameva, ya½kińci alla½ v± sukkha½ v± tiŗarukkhalat±di½ chindantassa sahapayogatt± dukkaµameva hoti.

Aµµhavidha½ heta½ dukkaµa½ n±ma imasmi½ µh±ne samodh±netv± therehi dassita½– pubbapayogadukkaµa½ sahapayogadukkaµa½, an±m±sadukkaµa½, durupaciŗŗadukkaµa½, vinayadukkaµa½, ń±tadukkaµa½, ńattidukkaµa½, paµissavadukkaµanti. Tattha “theyyacitto dutiya½ v± kud±la½ v± piµaka½ v± pariyesati gacchati v±, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti ida½ pubbapayogadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ettha hi dukkaµaµµh±ne dukkaµa½, p±cittiyaµµh±ne p±cittiyameva hoti. “Tatthaj±taka½ kaµµha½ v± lata½ v± chindati, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti ida½ sahapayogadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ettha pana p±cittiyavatthu ca dukkaµavatthu ca dukkaµaµµh±neyeva tiµµhati. Kasm±? Avah±rassa sahapayogatt±ti. Ya½ pana dasavidha½ ratana½, sattavidha½ dhańńa½, sabbańca ±vudhabhaŗ¹±di½ ±masantassa dukkaµa½ vutta½, ida½ an±m±sadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ya½ kadalin±¼iker±d²na½ tatthaj±takaphal±ni ±masantassa dukkaµa½ vutta½, ida½ durupaciŗŗadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ya½ pana piŗ¹±ya carantassa patte raje patite patta½ appaµiggahetv± adhovitv± v± tattha bhikkha½ gaŗhantassa dukkaµa½ vutta½, ida½ vinayadukkaµa½ n±ma. “Sutv± na vadanti, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti (p±r±. 419) ida½ ń±tadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ya½ ek±dasasu samanubh±san±su “ńattiy± dukkaµan”ti (p±r±. 414) vutta½, ida½ ńattidukkaµa½ n±ma. “Tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimik± ca na pańń±yati, paµissave ca ±patti dukkaµass±”ti (mah±va. 207) ida½ paµissavadukkaµa½ n±ma. Ida½ pana sahapayogadukkaµa½. Tena vutta½– “ya½kińci alla½ v± sukkha½ v± tiŗarukkhalat±di½ chindantassa sahapayogatt± dukkaµameva hot²”ti.

Sace panassa tatthaj±take tiŗarukkhalat±dimhi chinnepi lajjidhammo okkamati, sa½varo uppajjati, chedanapaccay± dukkaµa½ desetv± muccati. Atha dhuranikkhepa½ akatv± sa-uss±hova pa½su½ khaŗati, chedanadukkaµa½ paµippassambhati, khaŗanadukkaµe patiµµh±ti. Akappiyapathavi½ khaŗantopi hi idha sahapayogatt± dukkaµameva ±pajjati. Sace panassa sabbadis±su khaŗitv± kumbhim³la½ pattass±pi lajjidhammo okkamati, khaŗanapaccay± dukkaµa½ desetv± muccati.

By³hati v±ti atha pana sa-uss±hova pa½su½ viy³hati, ekapasse r±si½ karoti, khaŗanadukkaµa½ paµippassambhati, viy³hanadukkaµe patiµµh±ti. Tańca pa½su½ tattha tattha puńja½ karonto payoge payoge dukkaµa½ ±pajjati. Sace pana r±si½ katv±pi dhuranikkhepa½ karoti, lajjidhamma½ ±pajjati viy³hanadukkaµa½ desetv± muccati. Uddharati v±ti atha pana sa-uss±hova pa½su½ uddharitv± bahi p±teti, viy³hanadukkaµa½ paµippassambhati, uddharaŗadukkaµe patiµµh±ti. Pa½su½ pana kud±lena v± hatthehi v± pacchiy± v± tahi½ tahi½ p±tento payoge payoge dukkaµa½ ±pajjati. Sace pana sabba½ pa½su½ n²haritv± kumbhi½ thalaµµha½ katv±pi lajjidhamma½ ±pajjati, uddharaŗadukkaµa½ desetv± muccati. Atha pana sa-uss±hova kumbhi½ ±masati, uddharaŗadukkaµa½ paµippassambhati, ±masanadukkaµe patiµµh±ti. ¾masitv±pi ca lajjidhamma½ ±pajjanto ±masanadukkaµa½ desetv± muccati. Atha sa-uss±hova kumbhi½ phand±peti, ±masanadukkaµa½ paµippassambhati, “phand±peti, ±patti thullaccayass±”ti vuttathullaccaye patiµµh±ti.

Tatr±ya½ dukkaµathullaccay±na½ dvinnampi vacanattho– paµhama½ t±vettha duµµhu kata½ satth±r± vuttakicca½ vir±dhetv± katanti dukkaµa½. Atha v± duµµha½ kata½, vir³p± s± kiriy± bhikkhukiriy±na½ majjhe na sobhat²ti evampi dukkaµa½. Vuttańceta½–

“Dukkaµa½ iti ya½ vutta½, ta½ suŗohi yath±tatha½;
aparaddha½ viraddhańca, khalita½ yańca dukkaµa½.
“Ya½ manusso kare p±pa½, ±vi v± yadi v± raho;
dukkaµanti pavedenti, teneta½ iti vuccat²”ti. (Pari. 339).

Itara½ pana th³latt±, accayatt± ca thullaccaya½. “Sampar±ye ca duggati” (sa½. ni. 1.49), “ya½ hoti kaµukapphalan”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 66; netti. 91) viya cettha sa½yogabh±vo veditabbo. Ekassa santike desetabbesu hi accayesu tena samo th³lo accayo natthi. Tasm± vutta½ “th³latt± accayatt± ca thullaccayan”ti. Vuttańceta½–

“Thullaccayanti ya½ vutta½, ta½ suŗohi yath±tatha½;
ekassa m³le yo deseti, yo ca ta½ paµiggaŗhati;
accayo tena samo natthi, teneta½ iti vuccat²”ti. (Pari. 339).

Phand±pentassa ca payoge payoge thullaccaya½. Phand±petv±pi ca lajjidhamma½ okkanto thullaccaya½ desetv± muccati. Sahapayogato paµµh±yeva cettha purim± purim± ±patti paµippassambhati. Sahapayoga½ pana akatv± lajjidhamma½ okkantena y± pubbapayoge dukkaµap±cittiy± ±pann±, sabb± t± desetabb±. Sahapayoge ca tatthaj±takacchedane bahuk±nipi dukkaµ±ni pa½sukhaŗana½ patv± paµippassambhanti. Eka½ khaŗanadukkaµameva hoti. Khaŗane bahuk±nipi viy³hana½, viy³hane bahuk±nipi uddharaŗa½, uddharaŗe bahuk±nipi ±masana½, ±masane bahuk±nipi phand±pana½ patv± paµippassambhanti. Pa½sukhaŗan±d²su ca lajjidhamme uppanne bahuk±pi ±pattiyo hontu, ekameva desetv± muccat²ti kurundaµµhakath±ya½ vutta½. Purim±pattipaµippassaddhi ca n±mes± “ńattiy± dukkaµa½, dv²hi kammav±c±hi thullaccay± paµippassambhant²”ti (p±r±. 414) eva½ anus±van±suttesuyeva ±gat±. Idha pana dutiyap±r±jike aµµhakath±cariyappam±ŗena gahetabb±ti.

Żh±n± c±veti, ±patti p±r±jikass±ti yo pana phand±petv±pi lajjidhamma½ anokkamitv±va ta½ kumbhi½ µh±nato antamaso kesaggamattampi c±veti, p±r±jikameva ±pajjat²ti attho. Żh±n± c±vanańcettha chahi ±k±rehi veditabba½. Katha½? Kumbhi½ mukhavaµµiya½ gahetv± attano abhimukha½ ±ka¹¹hanto imin± antena phuµµhok±sa½ kesaggamattampi p±rimantena atikk±meti, p±r±jika½. Tatheva gahetv± parato pellento p±rimantena phuµµhok±sa½ kesaggamattampi imin± antena atikk±meti, p±r±jika½. V±mato v± dakkhiŗato v± apan±mento v±mantena phuµµhok±sa½ kesaggamattampi dakkhiŗantena atikk±meti, p±r±jika½. Dakkhiŗantena v± phuµµhok±sa½ kesaggamattampi v±mantena atikk±meti, p±r±jika½. Uddha½ ukkhipanto kesaggamattampi bh³mito moceti, p±r±jika½. Khaŗitv± heµµhato os²dento bundena phuµµhok±sa½ kesaggamattampi mukhavaµµiy± atikk±meti, p±r±jikanti eva½ ekaµµh±ne µhit±ya kumbhiy±. Yadi pana kumbhimukhavaµµiy± p±sa½ katv± lohakh±ŗu½ v± khadiras±r±dikh±ŗu½ v± pathaviya½ ±koµetv± tattha saŖkhalik±ya bandhitv± µhapenti, ekiss± dis±ya ek±ya saŖkhalik±ya baddh±ya dve µh±n±ni labbhanti, dv²su t²su cat³su dis±su cat³hi saŖkhalik±hi baddh±ya pańca µh±n±ni labbhanti.