Pubbeniv±sakath±

12. Iti im±ni catt±ri jh±n±ni kesañci cittekaggatatth±ni honti, kesañci vipassan±p±dak±ni, kesañci abhiññ±p±dak±ni, kesañci nirodhap±dak±ni, kesañci bhavokkamanatth±ni. Tattha kh²º±sav±na½ cittekaggatatth±ni honti, te hi sam±pajjitv± “ekaggacitt± sukha½ divasa½ vihariss±m±”ti icceva½ kasiºaparikamma½ katv± aµµha sam±pattiyo nibbattenti. Sekkhaputhujjan±na½ “sam±pattito vuµµh±ya sam±hitena cittena vipassiss±m±”ti nibbattent±na½ vipassan±p±dak±ni honti. Ye pana aµµha sam±pattiyo nibbattetv± abhiññ±p±daka½ jh±na½ sam±pajjitv± sam±pattito vuµµh±ya “ekopi hutv± bahudh± hot²”ti vuttanay± abhiññ±yo patthent± nibbattenti, tesa½ abhiññ±p±dak±ni honti. Ye pana aµµha sam±pattiyo nibbattetv± “nirodhasam±patti½ sam±pajjitv± satt±ha½ acittak± hutv± diµµheva dhamme nirodha½ nibb±na½ patv± sukha½ vihariss±m±”ti nibbattenti, tesa½ nirodhap±dak±ni honti. Ye pana aµµha sam±pattiyo nibbattetv± “aparih²najjh±n± hutv± brahmaloke uppajjiss±m±”ti nibbattenti, tesa½ bhavokkamanatth±ni honti.

Bhagavat± panida½ catutthajjh±na½ bodhirukkham³le nibbattita½, ta½ tassa vipassan±p±dakañceva ahosi abhiññ±p±dakañca nirodhap±dakañca sabbakiccas±dhakañca sabbalokiyalokuttaraguºad±yakanti veditabba½. Yesañca guº±na½ d±yaka½ ahosi, tesa½ ekadesa½ dassento “so eva½ sam±hite citte”ti-±dim±ha.

Tattha soti so aha½. Evanti catutthajjh±nakkamanidassanameta½. Imin± kamena catutthajjh±na½ paµilabhitv±ti vutta½ hoti. Sam±hiteti imin± catutthajjh±nasam±dhin± sam±hite. Parisuddheti-±d²su pana upekkh±satip±risuddhibh±vena parisuddhe. Parisuddhatt±yeva pariyod±te, pabhassareti vutta½ hoti. Sukh±d²na½ paccay±na½ gh±tena vihatar±g±di-aªgaºatt± anaªgaºe. Anaªgaºatt±yeva ca vigat³pakkilese; aªgaºena hi citta½ upakkilissati. Subh±vitatt± mudubh³te, vas²bh±vappatteti vutta½ hoti. Vase vattam±nañhi citta½ mud³ti vuccati. Mudutt±yeva ca kammaniye, kammakkhame kammayoggeti vutta½ hoti. Mudu hi citta½ kammaniya½ hoti sudhantamiva suvaººa½, tadubhayampi ca subh±vitatt± eva. Yath±ha– “n±ha½, bhikkhave, añña½ ekadhammampi samanupass±mi, ya½ eva½ bh±vita½ bahul²kata½ mudu ca hoti kammaniyañca, yathayida½, bhikkhave, cittan”ti (a. ni. 1.22).

Etesu parisuddhabh±v±d²su µhitatt± µhite. Ýhitatt±yeva ±neñjappatte, acale niriñjaneti vutta½ hoti. Mudukammaññabh±vena v± attano vase µhitatt± µhite, saddh±d²hi pariggahitatt± ±neñjappatte. Saddh±pariggahitañhi citta½ assaddhiyena na iñjati, v²riyapariggahita½ kosajjena na iñjati, satipariggahita½ pam±dena na iñjati, sam±dhipariggahita½ uddhaccena na iñjati, paññ±pariggahita½ avijj±ya na iñjati, obh±sagata½ kilesandhak±rena na iñjati. Imehi chahi dhammehi pariggahita½ ±neñjappatta½ citta½ hoti. Eva½ aµµhaªgasamann±gata½ citta½ abhin²h±rakkhama½ hoti abhiññ±sacchikaraº²y±na½ dhamm±na½ abhiññ±sacchikiriy±ya.

Aparo nayo– catutthajjh±nasam±dhin± sam±hite. N²varaºad³r²bh±vena parisuddhe. Vitakk±disamatikkamena pariyod±te. Jh±nappaµil±bhapaccay±na½ p±pak±na½ icch±vacar±na½ abh±vena anaªgaºe. Abhijjh±d²na½ citt³pakkiles±na½ vigamena vigat³pakkilese. Ubhayampi ceta½ anaªgaºavatthasutt±nus±rena (ma. ni. 1.57 ±dayo) veditabba½. Vasippattiy± mudubh³te. Iddhip±dabh±v³pagamena kammaniye. Bh±van±p±rip³riy± paº²tabh±v³pagamena µhite ±neñjappatte Yath± ±neñjappatta½ hoti; eva½ µhiteti attho. Evampi aµµhaªgasamann±gata½ citta½ abhin²h±rakkhama½ hoti abhiññ±sacchikaraº²y±na½ dhamm±na½ abhiññ±sacchikiriy±ya, p±daka½ padaµµh±nabh³tanti attho.

Pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±º±y±ti eva½ abhiññ±p±dake j±te etasmi½ citte pubbeniv±s±nussatimhi ya½ ñ±ºa½ tadatth±ya. Tattha pubbeniv±soti pubbe at²taj±t²su nivutthakkhandh±. Nivutth±ti ajjh±vutth± anubh³t± attano sant±ne uppajjitv± niruddh± nivutthadhamm± v± nivutth±, gocaraniv±sena nivutth±, attano viññ±ºena viññ±t± paricchinn±, paraviññ±ºaviññ±t±pi v± chinnavaµumak±nussaraº±d²su. Pubbeniv±s±nussat²ti y±ya satiy± pubbeniv±sa½ anussarati, s± pubbeniv±s±nussati. ѱºanti t±ya satiy± sampayuttañ±ºa½. Evamimassa pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºassa atth±ya pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±º±ya etassa ñ±ºassa adhigam±ya pattiy±ti vutta½ hoti. Abhininn±mesinti abhin²hari½.

Soti so aha½. Anekavihitanti anekavidha½, anekehi v± pak±rehi pavattita½ sa½vaººitanti attho. Pubbeniv±santi samanantar±t²ta½ bhava½ ±di½ katv± tattha tattha nivutthasant±na½. Anussar±m²ti “ekampi j±ti½ dvepi j±tiyo”ti eva½ j±tipaµip±µiy± anugantv± anugantv± sar±mi, anudeva v± sar±mi, citte abhininn±mitamatte eva sar±m²ti dasseti. P³ritap±ram²nañhi mah±puris±na½ parikammakaraºa½ natthi, tena te citta½ abhininn±metv±va saranti. ¾dikammikakulaputt± pana parikamma½ katv±va saranti, tasm± tesa½ vasena parikamma½ vattabba½ siy±. Ta½ pana vuccam±na½ atibh±riya½ vinayanid±na½ karoti, tasm± ta½ na vad±ma. Atthikehi pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.402 ±dayo) vuttanayeneva gahetabba½. Idha pana p±¼imeva vaººayiss±ma.

Seyyathidanti ±raddhappak±radassanatthe nip±to. Teneva yv±ya½ pubbeniv±so ±raddho, tassa pak±rappabheda½ dassento ekampi j±tinti-±dim±ha. Tattha ekampi j±tinti ekampi paµisandhim³la½ cutipariyos±na½ ekabhavapariy±panna½ khandhasant±na½. Esa nayo dvepi j±tiyoti-±d²su. Anekepi sa½vaµµakappeti-±d²su pana parih±yam±no kappo sa½vaµµakappo, va¹¹ham±no vivaµµakappoti veditabbo. Tattha ca sa½vaµµena sa½vaµµaµµh±y² gahito hoti tamm³lakatt±. Vivaµµena ca vivaµµaµµh±y². Evañhi sati y±ni t±ni “catt±rim±ni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaªkhyeyy±ni Katam±ni catt±ri? Sa½vaµµo sa½vaµµaµµh±y², vivaµµo vivaµµaµµh±y²”ti vutt±ni t±ni sabb±ni pariggahit±ni honti.

Tattha tayo sa½vaµµ±– tejosa½vaµµo, ±posa½vaµµo, v±yosa½vaµµoti. Tisso sa½vaµµas²m±– ±bhassar±, subhakiºh±, vehapphal±ti. Yad± kappo tejena sa½vaµµati, ±bhassarato heµµh± aggin± ¹ayhati. Yad± udakena sa½vaµµati, subhakiºhato heµµh± udakena vil²yati. Yad± v±tena sa½vaµµati, vehapphalato heµµh± v±tena viddha½siyati. Vitth±rato pana sad±pi eka½ buddhakkhetta½ vinassati.

Buddhakkhetta½ n±ma tividha½ hoti– j±tikkhetta½, ±º±kkhetta½, visayakkhettañca. Tattha j±tikkhetta½ dasasahassacakkav±¼apariyanta½ hoti, ya½ tath±gatassa paµisandhi-±d²su kampati. ¾º±kkhetta½ koµisatasahassacakkav±¼apariyanta½ hoti. Yattha ratanaparitta½, khandhaparitta½, dhajaggaparitta½, ±µ±n±µiyaparitta½, moraparittanti imesa½ paritt±na½ ±nubh±vo pavattati. Visayakkhetta½ pana ananta½ aparim±ºa½, “ya½ y±vat± v± pana ±kaªkheyy±”ti (a. ni. 3.81) vutta½ yattha ya½ ya½ ±kaªkhati ta½ ta½ anussarati. Evametesu t²su buddhakkhettesu eka½ ±º±kkhetta½ vinassati. Tasmi½ pana vinassante j±tikkhettampi vinaµµhameva hoti; vinassantañca ekatova vinassati, saºµhahantampi ekatova saºµhahati. Tassa vin±so ca saºµhahanañca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.404) vutta½. Atthikehi tato gahetabba½.

Ye panete sa½vaµµavivaµµ± vutt±, etesu bhagav± bodhimaº¹e samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhanatth±ya nisinno anekepi sa½vaµµakappe anekepi vivaµµakappe anekepi sa½vaµµavivaµµakappe sari. Katha½? “Amutr±sin”ti-±din± nayena. Tattha amutr±sinti amumhi sa½vaµµakappe aha½ amumhi bhave v± yoniy± v± gatiy± v± viññ±ºaµµhitiy± v± satt±v±se v± sattanik±ye v± ahosi½. Eva½n±moti vessantaro v± jotip±lo v±. Eva½gottoti bhaggavo v± gotamo v±. Eva½vaººoti od±to v± s±mo v±. Evam±h±roti s±lima½sodan±h±ro v± pavattaphalabhojano v±. Eva½sukhadukkhappaµisa½ved²ti anekappak±rena k±yikacetasik±na½ s±misanir±mis±dippabhed±na½ v± sukhadukkh±na½ paµisa½ved². Evam±yupariyantoti eva½ vassasataparam±yupariyanto v± catur±s²tikappasahassaparam±yupariyanto v±.

So tato cuto amutra udap±dinti so aha½ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññ±ºaµµhitito satt±v±sato sattanik±yato v± cuto, puna amukasmi½ n±ma bhave yoniy± gatiy± viññ±ºaµµhitiy± satt±v±se sattanik±ye v± udap±di½. Tatr±p±sinti atha tatr±pi bhave yoniy± gatiy± viññ±ºaµµhitiy± satt±v±se sattanik±ye v± puna ahosi½. Eva½n±moti-±di vuttanayameva.

Atha v± yasm± amutr±sinti ida½ anupubbena ±rohantassa y±vadicchaka½ saraºa½. So tato cutoti paµinivattantassa paccavekkhaºa½. Tasm± idh³papannoti imiss± idh³papattiy± anantara½ amutra udap±dinti tusitabhavana½ sandh±y±h±ti veditabba½. Tatr±p±si½ eva½n±moti tatr±pi tusitabhavane setaketu n±ma devaputto ahosi½. Eva½gottoti t±hi devat±hi saddhi½ ekagotto. Eva½vaººoti suvaººavaººo. Evam±h±roti dibbasudh±h±ro. Eva½sukhadukkhappaµisa½ved²ti eva½ dibbasukhappaµisa½ved². Dukkha½ pana saªkh±radukkhamattameva. Evam±yupariyantoti eva½ sattapaññ±savassakoµisaµµhivassasatasahass±yupariyanto. So tato cutoti so aha½ tato tusitabhavanato cuto. Idh³papannoti idha mah±m±y±ya deviy± kucchimhi nibbatto.

It²ti eva½. S±k±ra½ sa-uddesanti n±magottavasena sa-uddesa½, vaºº±divasena s±k±ra½. N±magottavasena hi satto “datto, tisso, gotamo”ti uddis²yati; vaºº±d²hi od±to, s±moti n±nattato paññ±yati; tasm± n±magotta½ uddeso, itare ±k±r±. Ki½ pana buddh±yeva pubbeniv±sa½ sarant²ti? Vuccate– na buddh±yeva, paccekabuddha-buddhas±vaka-titthiy±pi, no ca kho avisesena. Titthiy± hi catt±l²sa½yeva kappe saranti, na tato para½. Kasm±? Dubbalapaññatt±. Tesañhi n±mar³paparicchedavirahato dubbal± paññ± hoti. S±vakesu pana as²timah±s±vak± kappasatasahassa½ saranti; dve aggas±vak± ekamasaªkhyeyya½ satasahassañca. Paccekabuddh± dve asaªkhyeyy±ni satasahassañca. Ettako hi tesa½ abhin²h±ro. Buddh±na½ pana paricchedo natthi, y±va icchanti t±va saranti. Titthiy± ca khandhapaµip±µimeva saranti. Paµip±µi½ muñcitv± cutipaµisandhivasena saritu½ na sakkonti. Tesañhi andh±na½ viya icchitappadesokkamana½ natthi. S±vak± ubhayath±pi saranti; tath± paccekabuddh±. Buddh± pana khandhapaµip±µiy±pi cutipaµisandhivasenapi s²hokkantavasenapi anek±su kappakoµ²su heµµh± v± upari v± ya½ ya½ µh±na½ ±kaªkhanti, ta½ sabba½ sarantiyeva.

Aya½ kho me br±hmaº±ti-±d²su meti may±. Vijj±ti viditakaraºaµµhena vijj±. Ki½ vidita½ karoti? Pubbeniv±sa½. Avijj±ti tasseva pubbeniv±sassa aviditakaraºaµµhena tappaµicch±dakamoho vuccati. Tamoti sveva moho tappaµicch±dakaµµhena “tamo”ti vuccati. ¾lokoti s±yevavijj± obh±sakaraºaµµhena “±loko”ti vuccati. Ettha ca vijj± adhigat±ti aya½ attho, sesa½ pasa½s±vacana½. Yojan± panettha– aya½ kho me vijj± adhigat±, tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijj± vihat±, vinaµµh±ti attho. Kasm±? Yasm± vijj± uppann±. Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye.

Yath± tanti ettha yath±ti opammatthe. Tanti nip±to. Satiy± avippav±sena appamattassa. V²riy±t±pena ±t±pino. K±ye ca j²vite ca anapekkhat±ya pahitattassa, pesitacittass±ti attho. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– yath± appamattassa ±t±pino pahitattassa viharato avijj± vihaññeyya vijj± uppajjeyya, tamo vihaññeyya ±loko uppajjeyya; evameva mama avijj± vihat± vijj± uppann±, tamo vihato ±loko uppanno. Etassa me padh±n±nuyogassa anur³pameva phala½ laddhanti.

Aya½ kho me br±hmaºa paµham± abhinibbhid± ahosi kukkuµacch±pakasseva aº¹akosamh±ti aya½ kho mama br±hmaºa pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºamukhatuº¹akena pubbe nivutthakkhandhapaµicch±daka½ avijjaº¹akosa½ pad±letv± paµham± abhinibbhid± paµham± nikkhanti paµham± ariy±j±ti ahosi, kukkuµacch±pakasseva mukhatuº¹akena v± p±danakhasikh±ya v± aº¹akosa½ pad±letv± tamh± aº¹akosamh± abhinibbhid± nikkhanti kukkuµanik±ye pacc±j±t²ti.

Pubbeniv±sakath± niµµhit±.