10. Paµhamasaªghabhedasikkh±padavaººan±

409. Tena samayena buddho bhagav±ti saªghabhedasikkh±pada½. Tattha atha kho devadattoti-±d²su yo ca devadatto, yath± ca pabbajito, yena ca k±raºena kok±lik±dayo upasaªkamitv± “etha maya½ ±vuso samaºassa gotamassa saªghabheda½ kariss±ma cakkabhedan”ti ±ha. Ta½ sabba½ saªghabhedakkhandhake (c³¼ava. 343) ±gatameva. Pañcavatthuy±can± pana kiñc±pi tattheva ±gamissati. Atha kho idh±pi ±gatatt± yadettha vattabba½, ta½ vatv±va gamiss±ma.

S±dhu bhanteti ±y±can±. Bhikkh³ y±vaj²va½ ±raññik± ass³ti ±raññikadhutaªga½ sam±d±ya sabbepi bhikkh³ y±va j²vanti t±va ±raññik± hontu araññeyeva vasantu. Yo g±manta½ osareyya vajja½ na½ phuseyy±ti yo ekabhikkhupi arañña½ pah±ya niv±satth±ya g±manta½ osareyya, vajja½ ta½ phuseyya na½ bhikkhu½ doso phusatu, ±pattiy± na½ bhagav± k±ret³”ti adhipp±yena vadati. Esa nayo sesavatth³supi.

410. Jana½ saññ±pess±m±ti jana½ amh±ka½ appicchat±dibh±va½ j±n±pess±ma, atha v± paritosess±ma pas±dess±m±ti vutta½ hoti.

Im±ni pana pañca vatth³ni y±cato devadattassa vacana½ sutv±va aññ±si bhagav± “saªghabhedatthiko hutv± aya½ y±cat²”ti. Yasm± pana t±ni anuj±niyam±n±ni bah³na½ kulaputt±na½ maggantar±y±ya sa½vattanti, tasm± bhagav± “ala½ devadatt±”ti paµikkhipitv± “yo icchati ±raññiko hot³”ti-±dim±ha.

Ettha pana bhagavato adhipp±ya½ viditv± kulaputtena attano patir³pa½ veditabba½. Ayañhettha bhagavato adhipp±yo– “eko bhikkhu mahajjh±sayo hoti mahuss±ho, sakkoti g±mantasen±sana½ paµikkhipitv± araññe viharanto dukkhassanta½ k±tu½. Eko dubbalo hoti appath±mo araññe na sakkoti, g±manteyeva sakkoti. Eko mahabbalo samappavattadh±tuko adhiv±sanakhantisampanno iµµh±niµµhesu samacitto araññepi g±mantepi sakkotiyeva. Eko neva g±mante na araññe sakkoti padaparamo hoti.

Tatra yv±ya½ mahajjh±sayo hoti mahuss±ho, sakkoti g±mantasen±sana½ paµikkhipitv± araññe viharanto dukkhassanta½ k±tu½, so araññeyeva vasatu, idamassa patir³pa½. Saddhivih±rik±dayopi cassa anusikkham±n± araññe vih±tabbameva maññissanti.

Yo pana dubbalo hoti appath±mo g±manteyeva sakkoti dukkhassanta½ k±tu½, na araññe so g±manteyeva vasatu, yv±ya½ mahabbalo samappavattadh±tuko adhiv±sanakhantisampanno iµµh±niµµhesu samacitto araññepi g±mantepi sakkotiyeva, ayampi g±mantasen±sana½ pah±ya araññe viharatu, idamassa patir³pa½ saddhivih±rik±pi hissa anusikkham±n± araññe vih±tabba½ maññissanti.

Yo pan±ya½ neva g±mante na araññe sakkoti padaparamo hoti. Ayampi araññeyeva vasatu. Aya½ hissa dhutaªgasevan± kammaµµh±nabh±van± ca ±yati½ maggaphal±na½ upanissayo bhavissati. Saddhivih±rik±dayo cassa anusikkham±n± araññe vih±tabba½ maññissant²ti.

Eva½ yv±ya½ dubbalo hoti appath±mo g±manteyeva viharanto sakkoti dukkhassanta½ k±tu½ na araññe, ima½ puggala½ sandh±ya bhagav± “yo icchati g±mante viharat³”ti ±ha. Imin± ca puggalena aññesampi dv±ra½ dinna½.

Yadi pana bhagav± devadattassa v±da½ sampaµiccheyya, yv±ya½ puggalo pakatiy± dubbalo hoti appath±mo, yopi daharak±le araññav±sa½ abhisambhuºitv± jiººak±le v± v±tapitt±d²hi samuppannadh±tukkhobhak±le v± n±bhisambhuº±ti, g±manteyeva pana viharanto sakkoti dukkhassanta½ k±tu½, tesa½ ariyamaggupacchedo bhaveyya, arahattaphal±dhigamo na bhaveyya, uddhamma½ ubbinaya½ viloma½ aniyy±nika½ satthu s±sana½ bhaveyya, satth± ca tesa½ asabbaññ³ assa “sakav±da½ cha¹¹etv± devadattav±de patiµµhito”ti g±rayho ca bhaveyya. Tasm± bhagav± evar³pe puggale saªgaºhanto devadattassa v±da½ paµikkhipi. Etenev³p±yena piº¹ap±tikavatthusmimpi pa½suk³likavatthusmimpi aµµha m±se rukkham³likavatthusmimpi vinicchayo veditabbo. Catt±ro pana m±se rukkham³lasen±sana½ paµikkhittameva.

Macchama½savatthusmi½ tikoµiparisuddhanti t²hi koµ²hi parisuddha½, diµµh±d²hi aparisuddh²hi virahitanti attho. Tenev±ha– “adiµµha½, asuta½, aparisaªkitan”ti. Tattha “adiµµha½” n±ma bhikkh³na½ atth±ya migamacche vadhitv± gayham±na½ adiµµha½. “Asuta½” n±ma bhikkh³na½ atth±ya migamacche vadhitv± gahitanti asuta½. “Aparisaªkita½” pana diµµhaparisaªkita½ sutaparisaªkita½ tadubhayavimuttaparisaªkitañca ñatv± tabbipakkhato j±nitabba½. Katha½? Idha bhikkh³ passanti manusse j±lav±gur±dihatthe g±mato va nikkhamante araññe v± vicarante, dutiyadivase ca nesa½ ta½ g±ma½ piº¹±ya paviµµh±na½ samacchama½sa½ piº¹ap±ta½ abhiharanti. Te tena diµµhena parisaªkanti “bhikkh³na½ nukho atth±ya katan”ti ida½ diµµhaparisaªkita½, n±ma eta½ gahetu½ na vaµµati. Ya½ eva½ aparisaªkita½ ta½ vaµµati. Sace pana te manuss± “kasm± bhante na gaºhath±”ti pucchitv± tamattha½ sutv± “nayida½ bhante bhikkh³na½ atth±ya kata½, amhehi attano atth±ya v± r±jayutt±d²na½ atth±ya v± katan”ti vadanti kappati.

Naheva kho bhikkh³ passanti; apica suºanti, manuss± kira j±lav±gur±dihatth± g±mato v± nikkhamanti, araññe v± vicarant²”ti. Dutiyadivase ca nesa½ ta½ g±ma½ piº¹±ya paviµµh±na½ “bhikkh³na½ nukho atth±ya katan”ti ida½ “sutaparisaªkita½” n±ma. Eta½ gahetu½ na vaµµati, ya½ eva½ aparisaªkita½ ta½ vaµµati. Sace pana te manuss± “kasm±, bhante, na gaºhath±”ti pucchitv± tamattha½ sutv± “nayida½, bhante, bhikkh³na½ atth±ya kata½, amhehi attano atth±ya v± r±jayutt±d²na½ atth±ya v± katan”ti vadanti kappati.

Naheva kho pana bhikkh³ passanti, na suºanti; apica kho tesa½ g±ma½ piº¹±ya paviµµh±na½ patta½ gahetv± samacchama½sa½ piº¹ap±ta½ abhisaªkharitv± abhiharanti, te parisaªkanti “bhikkh³na½ nukho atth±ya katan”ti ida½ “tadubhayavimuttaparisaªkita½” n±ma. Eta½ gahetu½ na vaµµati. Ya½ eva½ aparisaªkita½ ta½ vaµµati. Sace pana te manuss± “kasm±, bhante, na gaºhath±”ti pucchitv± tamattha½ sutv± “nayida½, bhante, bhikkh³na½ atth±ya kata½ amhehi attano atth±ya v± r±jayutt±d²na½ atth±ya v± kata½ pavattama½sa½ v± kappiyameva labhitv± bhikkh³na½ atth±ya samp±ditan”ti vadanti kappati. Mat±na½ petakiccatth±ya maªgal±d²na½ v± atth±ya katepi eseva nayo. Ya½ yañhi bhikkh³na½yeva atth±ya akata½, yattha ca nibbematiko hoti, ta½ sabba½ kappati.

Sace pana ekasmi½ vih±re bhikkh³ uddissa kata½ hoti, te ca attano atth±ya katabh±va½ na j±nanti, aññe j±nanti. Ye j±nanti, tesa½ na vaµµati itaresa½ vaµµati. Aññe na j±nanti, teyeva j±nanti, tesa½yeva na vaµµati, aññesa½ vaµµati. Tepi amh±ka½ atth±ya katanti j±nanti, aññepi etesa½ atth±ya katanti j±nanti, sabbesampi na vaµµati, sabbe na j±nanti, sabbesampi vaµµati. Pañcasu hi sahadhammikesu yassa v± tassa v± atth±ya uddissa kata½, sabbesa½ na kappati.

Sace pana koci eka½ bhikkhu½ uddissa p±ºa½ vadhitv± tassa patta½ p³retv± deti, so ca attano atth±ya katabh±va½ j±na½yeva gahetv± aññassa bhikkhuno deti, so tassa saddh±ya paribhuñjati, kassa ±patt²ti? Dvinnampi an±patti. Yañhi uddissa kata½ tassa abhuttat±ya an±patti, itarassa aj±nanat±ya. Kappiyama½sassa hi paµiggahaºe ±patti natthi. Uddissa katañca aj±nitv± bhuttassa pacch± ñatv± ±pattidesan±kicca½ n±ma natthi, akappiyama½sa½ pana aj±nitv± bhuttena pacch± ñatv±pi ±patti desetabb±, uddissa katañhi ñatv± bhuñjatova ±patti. Akappiyama½sa½ aj±nitv± bhuñjantass±pi ±pattiyeva. Tasm± ±pattibh²rukena r³pa½ sallakkhentenapi pucchitv±va ma½sa½ paµiggahetabba½. Paribhogak±le pucchitv± paribhuñjiss±m²ti v± gahetv± pucchitv±va paribhuñjitabba½. Kasm±? Duviññeyyatt±. Acchama½sa½ hi s³karama½sasadisa½ hoti, d²pima½s±d²nipi migama½s±disadis±ni, tasm± pucchitv± gahaºameva vattanti vadanti.

Haµµho udaggoti tuµµho ceva unnatak±yacitto ca hutv±. So kira “na bhagav± im±ni pañca vatth³ni anuj±n±ti, id±ni sakkhiss±mi saªghabheda½ k±tun”ti kok±likassa iªgit±k±ra½ dassetv± yath± visa½ v± kh±ditv± rajjuy± v± ubbandhitv± sattha½ v± ±haritv± marituk±mo puriso vis±d²su aññatara½ labhitv± tappaccay± ±sannampi maraºadukkha½ aj±nanto haµµho udaggo hoti; evameva saªghabhedapaccay± ±sannampi av²cimhi nibbattitv± paµisa½vedan²ya½ dukkha½ aj±nanto “laddho d±ni me saªghabhedassa up±yo”ti haµµho udaggo sapariso uµµh±y±san± teneva haµµhabh±vena bhagavanta½ abhiv±detv± padakkhiºa½ katv± pakk±mi.

Te maya½ imehi pañcahi vatth³hi sam±d±ya vatt±m±ti ettha pana “im±ni pañca vatth³n²”ti vattabbepi te maya½ imehi pañcahi vatth³hi jana½ saññ±pess±m±ti abhiºha½ parivitakkavasena vibhattivipall±sa½ asallakkhetv± abhiºha½ parivitakk±nur³pameva “te maya½ imehi pañcahi vatth³h²”ti ±ha, yath± ta½ vikkhittacitto.

Dhut± sallekhavuttinoti y± paµipad± kilese dhun±ti, t±ya samann±gatatt± dhut±. Y± ca kilese sallikhati, s± etesa½ vutt²ti sallekhavuttino.

B±hulikoti c²var±d²na½ paccay±na½ bahulabh±vo b±hulla½, ta½ b±hullamassa atthi, tasmi½ v± b±hulle niyutto µhitoti b±huliko. B±hull±ya cetet²ti b±hulatt±ya ceteti kappeti pakappeti. Kathañhi n±ma mayhañca s±vak±nañca c²var±d²na½ paccay±na½ bahulabh±vo bhaveyy±ti eva½ ussukkam±pannoti adhipp±yo. Cakkabhed±y±ti ±º±bhed±ya.

Dhammi½ katha½ katv±ti khandhake vuttanayena “ala½, devadatta, m± te rucci saªghabhedo. Garuko kho, devadatta, saªghabhedo. Yo kho, devadatta, samagga½ saªgha½ bhindati, kappaµµhika½ kibbisa½ pasavati, kappa½ nirayamhi paccati, yo ca kho, devadatta, bhinna½ saªgha½ samagga½ karoti, brahma½ puñña½ pasavati, kappa½ saggamhi modat²”ti (c³¼ava. 343) evam±dika½ anekappak±ra½ devadattassa ca bhikkh³nañca tadanucchavika½ tadanulomika½ dhammi½ katha½ katv±.

411. Samaggass±ti sahitassa cittena ca sar²rena ca aviyuttass±ti attho. Padabh±janepi hi ayameva attho dassito. Sam±nasa½v±sakoti hi vadat± cittena aviyogo dassito hoti. Sam±nas²m±ya½ µhitoti vadat± sar²rena. Katha½? Sam±nasa½v±sako hi laddhin±n±sa½v±sakena v± kamman±n±sa½v±sakena v± virahito samacittat±ya cittena aviyutto hoti. Sam±nas²m±ya½ µhito k±yas±maggid±nato sar²rena aviyutto.

Bhedanasa½vattanika½ v± adhikaraºanti bhedanassa saªghabhedassa atth±ya sa½vattanika½ k±raºa½. Imasmiñhi ok±se “k±mahetu k±manid±na½ k±m±dhikaraºan”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.168) viya k±raºa½ adhikaraºanti adhippeta½. Tañca yasm± aµµh±rasavidha½ hoti, tasm± padabh±jane “aµµh±rasa bhedakaravatth³n²”ti vutta½. T±ni pana “idh³p±li, bhikkhu adhamma½ dhammoti d²pet²”ti-±din± (c³¼ava. 352) nayena khandhake ±gat±ni, tasm± tatreva nesa½ attha½ vaººayiss±ma. Yopi c±ya½ im±ni vatth³ni niss±ya aparehipi kammena, uddesena, voh±rena, anus±van±ya, sal±kagg±hen±ti pañcahi k±raºehi saªghabhedo hoti, tampi ±gataµµh±neyeva pak±sayiss±ma. Saªkhepato pana bhedanasa½vattanika½ v± adhikaraºa½ sam±d±y±ti ettha saªghabhedassa atth±ya sa½vattanika½ saªghabhedanipphattisamattha½ k±raºa½ gahetv±ti evamattho veditabbo. Paggayh±ti paggahita½ abbhussita½ p±kaµa½ katv±. Tiµµheyy±ti yath±sam±dinna½ yath±paggahitameva ca katv± accheyya Yasm± pana eva½ paggaºhat± tiµµhat± ca ta½ d²pitañceva appaµinissaµµhañca hoti, tasm± padabh±jane “d²peyy±”ti ca “nappaµinissajjeyy±”ti ca vutta½.

Bhikkh³hi evamassa vacan²yoti aññehi lajj²hi bhikkh³hi eva½ vattabbo bhaveyya. Padabh±jane cassa ye passant²ti ye sammukh± paggayha tiµµhanta½ passanti. Ye suºant²ti yepi “asukasmi½ n±ma vih±re bhikkh³ bhedanasa½vattanika½ adhikaraºa½ sam±d±ya paggayha tiµµhant²”ti suºanti.

Samet±yasm± saªghen±ti ±yasm± saªghena saddhi½ sametu sam±gacchatu ekaladdhiko hot³ti attho. Ki½ k±raº±? Samaggo hi saªgho sammodam±no avivadam±no ekuddeso ph±su viharat²ti.

Tattha sammodam±noti aññamañña½ sampattiy± saµµhu modam±no. Avivadam±noti “aya½ dhammo, n±ya½ dhammo”ti eva½ na vivadam±no. Eko uddeso ass±ti ekuddeso, ekato pavattap±timokkhuddeso, na visunti attho. Ph±su viharat²ti sukha½ viharati.

Icceta½ kusalanti eta½ paµinissajjana½ kusala½ khema½ sotthibh±vo tassa bhikkhuno. No ce paµinissajjati ±patti dukkaµass±ti tikkhattu½ vuttassa appaµinissajjato dukkaµa½. Sutv± na vadanti ±patti dukkaµass±ti ye sutv± na vadanti, tesampi dukkaµa½. K²vad³re sutv± avadant±na½ dukkaµa½? Ekavih±re t±va vattabba½ natthi. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana vutta½ “samant± addhayojane bhikkh³na½ bh±ro. D³ta½ v± paººa½ v± pesetv± vadatopi ±pattimokkho natthi. Sayameva gantv± ‘garuko kho, ±vuso, saªghabhedo m± saªghabhed±ya, parakkam²’ti niv±retabbo”ti. Pahontena pana d³rampi gantabba½ agil±n±nañhi d³repi bh±royeva.

Id±ni “evañca so bhikkhu bhikkh³hi vuccam±no”ti-±d²su atthamattameva dassetu½ “so bhikkhu saªghamajjhampi ±ka¹¹hitv± vattabbo”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha saªghamajjhampi ±ka¹¹hitv±ti sace purimanayena vuccam±no na paµinissajjati hatthesu ca p±desu ca gahetv±pi saªghamajjha½ ±ka¹¹hitv± punapi “m± ±yasm±”ti-±din± nayena tikkhattu½ vattabbo.

Y±vatatiya½ samanubh±sitabboti y±va tatiya½ samanubh±sana½ t±va samanubh±sitabbo. T²hi samanubh±sanakammav±c±hi kamma½ k±tabbanti vutta½ hoti. Padabh±jane panassa atthameva gahetv± samanubh±sanavidhi½ dassetu½ “so bhikkhu samanubh±sitabbo. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, samanubh±sitabbo”ti-±di vutta½.

414. Tattha ñattiy± dukkaµa½ dv²hi kammav±c±hi thullaccay± paµippassambhant²ti yañca ñattipariyos±ne dukkaµa½ ±panno, ye ca dv²hi kammav±c±hi thullaccaye, t± tissopi ±pattiyo “yassa nakkhamati so bh±seyy±”ti eva½ yya-k±rappattamatt±ya tatiyakammav±c±ya paµippassambhanti saªgh±disesoyeva tiµµhati. Ki½ pana ±pann±pattiyo paµippassambhanti an±pann±ti? Mah±sumatthero t±va vadati “yo avas±ne paµinissajjissati, so t± ±pattiyo na ±pajjati, tasm± an±pann± paµippassambhant²”ti. Mah±padumatthero pana liªgaparivattena as±dh±raº±pattiyo viya ±pann± paµippassambhanti, an±pann±na½ ki½ paµippassaddhiy±”ti ±ha.

415. Dhammakamme dhammakammasaññ²ti tañce samanubh±sanakamma½ dhammakamma½ hoti, tasmi½ dhammakammasaññ²ti attho. Esa nayo sabbattha. Idha saññ± na rakkhati, kammassa dhammikatt± eva appaµinissajjanto ±pajjati.

416. Asamanubh±santass±ti asamanubh±siyam±nassa appaµinissajjantass±pi saªgh±disesena an±patti.

Paµinissajjantass±ti ñattito pubbe v± ñattikkhaºe v± ñattipariyos±ne v± paµham±ya v± anus±van±ya dutiy±ya v± tatiy±ya v± y±va yya-k±ra½ na samp±puº±ti, t±va paµinissajjantassa saªgh±disesena an±patti.

¾dikammikass±ti. Ettha pana “devadatto samaggassa saªghassa bhed±ya parakkami, tasmi½ vatthusmin”ti pariv±re (pari. 17) ±gatatt± devadatto ±dikammiko. So ca kho saªghabhed±ya parakkamanasseva, na appaµinissajjanassa. Na hi tassa ta½ kamma½ kata½. Kathamida½ j±nitabbanti ce? Suttato. Yath± hi “ariµµho bhikkhu gaddhab±dhipubbo y±vatatiya½ samanubh±san±ya na paµinissajji, tasmi½ vatthusmin”ti pariv±re (pari. 121) ±gatatt± ariµµhassa kamma½ katanti paññ±yati, na tath± devadattassa. Ath±pissa katena bhavitabbanti koci attano rucimattena vadeyya, tath±pi appaµinissajjane ±dikammikassa an±patti n±ma natthi. Na hi paññatta½ sikkh±pada½ v²tikkamantassa aññatra uddissa anuññ±tato an±patti n±ma dissati. Yampi ariµµhasikkh±padassa an±pattiya½ “±dikammikass±”ti potthakesu likhita½, ta½ pam±dalikhita½. Pam±dalikhitabh±vo cassa “paµhama½ ariµµho bhikkhu codetabbo, codetv± s±retabbo, s±retv± ±patti½ ropetabbo”ti (c³¼ava. 65) eva½ kammakkhandhake ±pattiropanavacanato veditabbo.

Iti bhed±ya parakkamane ±dikammikassa devadattassa yasm± ta½ kamma½ na kata½, tasm±ssa ±pattiyeva na j±t±. Sikkh±pada½ pana ta½ ±rabbha paññattanti katv± “±dikammiko”ti vutto. Iti ±pattiy± abh±vatoyevassa an±patti vutt±. S± panes± kiñc±pi asamanubh±santass±ti imin±va siddh±, yasm± pana asamanubh±santo n±ma yassa kevala½ samanubh±sana½ na karonti, so vuccati, na ±dikammiko. Ayañca devadatto ±dikammikoyeva, tasm± “±dikammikass±”ti vutta½. Etenup±yena µhapetv± ariµµhasikkh±pada½ sabbasamanubh±san±su vinicchayo veditabbo. Sesa½ sabbattha utt±nameva.

Samuµµh±n±d²su tivaªgika½ ekasamuµµh±na½, samanubh±sanasamuµµh±na½ n±mameta½, k±yav±c±cittato samuµµh±ti. Paµinissajj±m²ti k±yavik±ra½ v± vac²bheda½ v± akarontasseva pana ±pajjanato akiriya½, saññ±vimokkha½, sacittaka½, lokavajja½, k±yakamma½, vac²kamma½, akusalacitta½, dukkhavedananti.

Paµhamasaªghabhedasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.