4. Padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªgavibh±van±

22. Yena yena sa½vaººan±visesabh³tena yuttih±ravibhaªgabh³tena pañh±vissajjan±d²na½ yutt±yuttabh±vo vibhatto, so sa½vaººan±visesabh³to yuttih±ravibhaªgo paripuººo, “katamo padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªgo”ti pucchitabbatt± “tattha katamo padaµµh±no h±ro”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha tatth±ti tesu niddiµµhesu so¼asasu desan±h±r±d²su h±resu katamo sa½vaººan±viseso padaµµh±no h±ro padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªgoti pucchati. “Dhamma½ desesi jino”ti-±diniddesassa id±ni may± vuccam±no “aya½ padaµµh±no h±ro”ti-±diko vitth±rasa½vaººan±viseso padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªgoti viññeyyo. Tena vutta½– “tattha katamo padaµµh±no h±roti-±di padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªgo”ti (netti. aµµha. 22). “Aya½ id±ni vuccam±no vitth±rabh³to padaµµh±no h±ro piµakattaye desitesu dhammesu ki½ n±ma dhamma½ desayati sa½vaººet²”ti puccha½ µhapetv± “ida½ ±sannak±raºa½ imassa ±sannaphalassa padaµµh±nan”ti niyametv± vibhajitu½ “aya½ padaµµh±no”ti-±di vutta½. Tassattho– sabbesu viññeyyadhammesu y±th±vato asampaµivedho lakkhaºa½ etiss± avijj±y±ti sabbadhammay±th±va-asampaµivedhalakkhaº±, avijj±, tass± avijj±ya asubhe “subhan”ti-±divipall±s± padaµµh±na½ ±sannak±raºa½. Vipall±se sati avijj± vattati upar³pari j±yati na h±yati, tasm± vipall±s± avijj±ya padaµµh±na½ ±sannak±raºa½ bhavanti. Avijj±ya vaµµam³lakatt± ta½ ±di½ katv± padaµµh±na½ vibhattanti daµµhabba½.

Taºh±yapi vaµµam³lakatt± tadanantara½ taºh±ya padaµµh±na½ vibhajitu½ “ajjhos±nalakkhaº±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha piyar³pa½ s±tar³panti piyasabh±va½ s±tasabh±va½ cakkh±didhammaj±ta½. Piyan²yas±tan²ye cakkh±dike sati taºh± vattati upar³pari j±yati, tasm± piyar³pa½ s±tar³pa½ taºh±ya padaµµh±na½ ±sannak±raºa½ bhavati.

Adinn±d±ne sati lobho vattati, tasm± adinn±d±na½ lobhassa padaµµh±na½ bhavati. Adinn±d±nañhi ekav±ra½ uppannampi an±d²navadassanato lobhassa ±sannak±raºa½ bhavatveva.

Kes±d²su asubhesu pavatt±yapi subhasaññ±ya n²l±divaººad²gh±disaºµh±nahasan±dibyañjanaggahaºalakkhaºatt± cakkhundriy±d²na½ asa½varo subhasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½ bhavati.

Dukkhadukkh±d²su pavatt±yapi sukhasaññ±ya s±savaphass³pagamanalakkhaºatt± r³p±d²su ass±do sukhasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

R³pakkhandh±d²su aniccesu pavatt±yapi niccasaññ±ya saªkhatalakkhaº±na½ dhamm±na½ asamanupassanalakkhaºatt± r³pakkhandh±d²su niccaggahaºa½ viññ±ºa½ niccasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

Aniccadukkh±nattasaªkh±tesu khandh±d²su pavatt±yapi attasaññ±ya aniccasaññ±dukkhasaññ±na½ asamanupassanalakkhaºatt± aha½mam±divasena pavatto n±mak±yo attasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

Eva½ avijj±d²na½ akusalapakkh±na½ dhamm±na½ padaµµh±na½ dassetv± id±ni tappaµipakkh±na½ vijj±d²na½ dhamm±na½ padaµµh±na½ dassetu½ “sabbadhammasampaµivedhalakkhaº±”ti-±di vutta½. Sabbesu ñeyyadhammesu pavatt±ya vijj±ya sabbadhammasampaµivedhalakkhaºatt± sabba½ neyya½ vijj±ya padaµµh±na½.

Samathassa cittavikkhepasaªkh±ta-uddhaccapaµisa½haraºasaªkh±tavikkhambhanalakkhaºatt± paµibh±ganimittabh³t± asubh± samathassa padaµµh±na½. Asubh±ya hi taºh±paµipakkhatt±, taºh±ya ca abh±ve samatho tiµµhat²ti.

Adinn±d±n± veramaºivasena pavattassa alobhassa icch±vacarapaµisa½haraºalakkhaºatt± adinn±d±n± veramaº² alobhassa padaµµh±na½.

P±º±tip±t± veramaºivasena pavattassa adosassa aby±pajjalakkhaºatt± p±º±tip±t± veramaº² adosassa padaµµh±na½.

Samm±paµipattivasena pavattassa amohassa vatthu-avippaµipattilakkhaºatt± samm±paµipatti amohassa padaµµh±na½.

Nibbid±vasena pavatt±ya asubhasaññ±ya vin²lakavipubbakagahaºalakkhaºatt± nibbid± asubhasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½. Nibbid±ñ±ºena hi anabhirati pavattati, anabhiratiy± ca asubhasaññ± µhit±ti.

Dukkhavedan±vasena pavatt±ya dukkhasaññ±ya s±savaphassaparij±nanalakkhaºatt± vedan± dukkhasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

Upp±davayavasena pavatt±ya aniccasaññ±ya saªkhatalakkhaº±na½ dhamm±na½ samanupassanalakkhaºatt± upp±davay± aniccasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½. Upp±davayañhi samanupassitv± aniccasaññ± pavatt±.

Dhammamattasaññ±vasena pavatt±ya anattasaññ±ya sabbadhamma-abhinivesalakkhaºatt± dhammasaññ± anattasaññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

K±mar±gassa r³p±dipañcak±maguº±rammaºatt± pañca k±maguº± k±mar±gassa padaµµh±na½.

R³pasaªkh±te k±ye ±rabbha pavattassa r³par±gassa cakkh±dipañcindriy±na½ anus±rena pavattanato pañcindriy±ni r³p±ni r³par±gassa padaµµh±na½.

Bhavanikantivasena pavattassa bhavar±gassa cha¼±yatana½ padaµµh±na½. Nibbattabhav±nupassit±ti “edisa½ aniµµha½ r³pa½ m± nibbattatu, edisa½ iµµha½ r³pa½ nibbattatu edis² dukkh± vedan± m± nibbattatu, edis² sukh± vedan± nibbattat³”ti evam±din± pak±rena pavatt± r³p±bhinandan±, s± pañcanna½ up±d±nakkhandh±na½ padaµµh±na½.

Kammassakataññ±ºassa pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±º±nugatatt± pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºadassana½ kammassakataññ±ºassa padaµµh±na½.

Okappana½ lakkhaºa½ yass± saddh±y±ti okappanalakkhaº± saddh±. Adhimutti paccupaµµh±na½ yass± saddh±y±ti adhimuttipaccupaµµh±n± ca saddh±. An±vila½ lakkhaºa½ yassa pas±dass±ti an±vilalakkhaºoti pas±do. Sampas²dana½ paccupaµµh±na½ yassa pas±dass±ti sampas²danapaccupaµµh±no ca pas±do. So pana pas±do saddh±ya eva avatth±visesoti veditabbo. Aveccapas±do abhipatthiyanalakkhaº±ya saddh±ya padaµµh±na½, okappanalakkhaº± saddh± an±vilalakkhaºassa pas±dassa padaµµh±na½, catubbidha½ sammappadh±na½ v²riya½ ±rambhalakkhaºassa v²riyassa padaµµh±na½, k±y±disatipaµµh±na½ apil±panalakkhaº±ya satiy± padaµµh±na½, jh±nasahitassa sam±dhissa ekaggalakkhaºatt± vitakk±dijh±n±ni sam±dhissa padaµµh±na½, paññ±ya kiccapaj±nana-±rammaºapaj±nanalakkhaºatt± sacc±ni paññ±ya padaµµh±na½.

“Yesa½ avijj±d²na½ padaµµh±n±ni ±cariyena vibhatt±ni, te avijj±dayo katamesa½ dhamm±na½ padaµµh±n±n²”ti pucchitabbatt± te avijj±dayopi imesa½ dhamm±na½ padaµµh±n±ti dassetu½ “aparo nayo”ti-±di vutta½. Avijj± ass±damanasik±ralakkhaºassa ayonisomanasik±rassa padaµµh±na½. Avijj±ya hi ±d²navacch±danato ayonisomanasik±ro j±toti. Saccasammohanalakkhaº± avijj± puññ±puññ±neñj±bhisaªkh±r±na½ padaµµh±na½, punabbhavavirohanalakkhaº± tebh³makacetan± saªkh±r± vip±kaviññ±ºassa padaµµh±na½, opapaccayikasaªkh±tena upapattibhavabh±vena nibbattilakkhaºa½ paµisandhiviññ±ºa½ n±mar³passa padaµµh±na½, n±mak±yar³pak±yasaªgh±talakkhaºa½ n±mar³pa½ cha¼±yatanassa padaµµh±na½ sahaj±t±dipaccayabh±vato, cakkh±d²na½ channa½ indriy±na½ pavatt±na½ lakkhaºa½ cha¼±yatana½ chabbidhassa phassassa yath±kkama½ padaµµh±na½ nissay±dipaccayabh±vato, cakkhupas±dar³p±rammaºa½ cakkhuviññ±º±disannip±talakkhaºo chabbidho phasso, ta½ vedan±ya tena chabbidhena phassena sahaj±t±ya chabbidh±ya vedan±ya yath±kkama½ padaµµh±na½ sahaj±t±dipaccayabh±vato, iµµh±nubhavana-aniµµh±nubhavana-iµµh±niµµh±nubhavanalakkhaº± tividh± vedan±, ta½ taºh±ya t±ya tividh±ya vedan±ya vasena pavatt±ya taºh±ya padaµµh±na½ upanissay±dipaccayabh±vato, saparasant±nesu ajjhos±nalakkhaº± taºh±, ta½ up±d±nassa t±ya taºh±ya vasena pavattassa catubbidhassa up±d±nassa padaµµh±na½ upanissay±dipaccayabh±vato. “So vedan±y±”ti ca “s± taºh±y±”ti ca “s± up±d±nass±”ti ca p±µhena bhavitabba½, liªgavipall±saniddeso v± siy±.

Ya½ up±d±na½ opapaccayika½ upapattikkhandhanibbattaka½, ta½ up±d±na½ duvidhassa bhavassa padaµµh±na½. Yo kammabhavo n±mak±yar³pak±yasambhavanalakkhaºo, so kammabhavo j±tiy± padaµµh±na½. Y± upapattibh³t± j±ti khandhap±tubh±valakkhaº±, ta½ s± j±ti jar±ya padaµµh±na½. Y± jiººajar± upadhikkhandhaparip±kalakkhaº±, ta½ s± jiººajar± maraºassa padaµµh±na½. Yampi yassa sammutimaraºa½ j²vitindriyupacchedalakkhaºa½, tampi tassa sammutimaraºa½ sokassa padaµµh±na½. Piyassa maraºa½ cintentassa yebhuyyena sokuppajjanato yo soko ñ±ti-±dipiyesu ussukkak±rako, ta½ so soko paridevassa padaµµh±na½. Yo paridevo l±lappak±rako, ta½ so paridevo k±yikadukkhassa padaµµh±na½. Ya½ k±yika½ dukkha½ k±yasamp²¼analakkhaºa½, ta½ k±yika½ dukkha½ domanassassa padaµµh±na½. Ya½ domanassa½ cittasamp²¼analakkhaºa½, ta½ domanassa½ up±y±sassa padaµµh±na½. Yo up±y±so odahanak±rako avadahanak±rako, ta½ so up±y±so bhavassa up±y±sassa nissayasant±nabhavassa padaµµh±na½.

Bhavass±ti vuttabhava½ dassetu½ “im±n²”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha bhavaªg±ni kileso bhavassa aªga½ k±raºa½ kammavaµµavip±kavaµµ±ni bhavasaªkh±t±ni aªg±ni avayav±ni. Yad± paccuppann±dik±le samagg±ni nibbatt±ni bhavanti, tad± so kilesavaµµakammavaµµavip±kavaµµasaªkh±to dhammasam³ho “bhavass±”ti ettha bhavoti daµµhabbo. Ta½ bhavasaªkh±ta½ kilesavaµµakammavaµµavip±kavaµµattaya½ sa½s±rassa padaµµh±na½ purima½ purima½ j±tinipphannakiles±divaµµena sa½s±rassa abbocchinnuppajjanato, yo ariyamaggo niyy±nikalakkhaºo, ta½ so ariyamaggo nirodhassa nibb±nassa padaµµh±na½ samp±pakahetubh±vato.

Bahussuto sabbasiss±d²na½ patiµµh±natt± tittha½ viy±ti tittha½, j±n±t²ti ñ³, tittha½ ñ³ti titthaññ³, titthaññuno bh±vo titthaññut±, samm±payirup±san±, s± p²taññut±ya padaµµh±na½. Bahussutassa hi samm±payirup±san±ya dhamm³pasañhita½ p±mojja½ j±yati, p±mojjena ca kammaµµh±nabr³han± j±yat²ti sapp±yadhammassavanena p²ti½ j±n±t²ti p²taññ³, p²taññuno bh±vo p²taññut±, kammaµµh±nassa br³han±, s± pattaññut±ya padaµµh±na½. Kammaµµh±nabr³han±ya hi bh±van±pattaj±nanat± j±yat²ti pattaññut±. Bh±van±pattaj±nanat± attaññut±ya padaµµh±na½. Bh±van±pattaj±nanat±ya hi pañcahi padh±niyaªgehi samann±gatassa attano j±nanat± j±yat²ti attaññut± pubbekatapuññat±ya padaµµh±na½.

Padh±niyaªgesu samann±gatattaj±nanat±ya hi pubbe puññakaraºa½ j±ta½, pubbekatapuññat± patir³padesav±sassa padaµµh±na½. Pubbe hi katena puññena patir³padesav±so laddho, patir³padesav±so sappuris³panissayassa padaµµh±na½. Patir³padesav±sena hi sappuris³panissayo laddho, sappuris³panissayo attasamm±paºidh±nassa padaµµh±na½. Sappuris³panissayena hi attasamm±paºidh±na½ j±ta½, attasamm±paºidh±na½ s²l±na½ padaµµh±na½. Attasamm±paºidh±nena hi s²l±ni sampatiµµhit±ni, s²l±ni avippaµis±rassa padaµµh±na½. Attani hi sampatiµµhita½ s²la½ paccavekkhantassa vippaµis±ro natthev±ti, avippaµis±rena p±mojja½ j±yati, tasm± avippaµis±ro p±mojjassa padaµµh±na½. P±mojjena p²ti j±yati, tasm± p±mojja½ p²tiy± padaµµh±na½. P²tiy± passaddhi j±yati, tasm± p²ti passaddhiy± padaµµh±na½. Passaddhiy± sukha½ j±yati, tasm± passaddhi sukhassa padaµµh±na½. Sukhena sam±dhi j±yati, tasm± sukha½ sam±dhissa padaµµh±na½. Sam±dhin± yath±bh³tañ±ºadassana½ j±yati, tasm± sam±dhi yath±bh³tañ±ºassa padaµµh±na½. Yath±bh³tañ±ºadassanena nibbid±ñ±ºa½ j±yati, tasm± yath±bh³tañ±ºadassana½ nibbid±ya padaµµh±na½. Nibbid±ya vir±go j±yati, tasm± nibbid± vir±gassa padaµµh±na½. Vir±gena vimutti j±yati, tasm± vir±go vimuttiy± padaµµh±na½. Vimuttiy± vimuttiñ±ºadassana½ j±yati, tasm± vimutti vimuttiñ±ºadassanassa padaµµh±na½. Eva½ yath±vuttanayena yo koci dhammo upanissayo hoti, yo koci dhammo paccayo hoti, sabbo so dhammo attano paccayuppannassa dhammassa padaµµh±nanti daµµhabbo.

“Upanissayadhammassa, paccayadhammassa v± paccayuppannadhammassa padaµµh±nabh±vo kena saddahitabbo”ti vattabbatt± “ten±h±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha ten±ti yassa kassaci upanissayadhammassa, paccayadhammassa ca paccayuppannadhammassa padaµµh±nabh±vena ±yasm± mah±kacc±no “dhamma½ deseti jino”ti-±dika½ ya½ vacana½ ±ha, tena vacanena tesa½ upanissayadhammapaccayadhamm±na½ padaµµh±nabh±vo saddahitabboti. “Yath±vutto padaµµh±no h±ro paripuººo ki½, ud±hu añño niddh±retv± yojetabbo atthi kin”ti vattabbatt± “niyutto padaµµh±no h±ro”ti vutta½. Idha p±¼iya½ avibhattampi yath±l±bhavasena padaµµh±no h±ro n²haritv± yutto yujjitabbo, vibhajitabbanti vutta½ hoti.

Iti padaµµh±nah±ravibhaªge sattibal±nur³p± racit±

Vibh±van± niµµhit±.

Paº¹itehi pana aµµhakath±µ²k±nus±rena gambh²rattho vitth±rato vibhajitv± gahetabboti.