¾d²su g±th±su saraºagaman±ºattis²lasam±d±n±ºatti-±di ±gat±ti.

“Suññato loka½ avekkhass³”ti-±di kasm± eva½ ±raddha½, nanu “tattha katama½ phala½? Dhammo have”ti-±din±, “tattha katamo up±yo? Sabbe saªkh±r±”ti-±din±, “tattha katam± ±ºatti? Cakkhum±”ti-±din± ca phal³p±y±ºattiyo vibhatt±ti? Sacca½, visu½ visu½ pana suttesu ±gat± phal³p±y±ºattiyo vibhatt±, id±ni ekato ±gat± phal³p±y±ºattiyo vibhajitu½ “suññato loka½ avekkhass³”ti-±di ±raddha½.
Tattha suññato loka½ avekkhass³ti sabbampi saªkh±raloka½ attato suññoti avasavattit±sallakkhaºavasena v± tucchabh±vasamanupassanavasena v± pass±ti ida½ bhagavato vacana½ vidh±nabh±vato ±ºatti n±ma. Niccas±rasukhas±ra-attas±r±dirahitatt± “moghar±j±”ti ±lapati, saddh±s²lasutac±g±dirahitatt± v± mogho.
“Sad± sato”ti puggalavasena vutt±ya satiy± suññat±dassanassa sampaj±nahetubh±vato satiyeva up±yo, na satim±ti ettha sat²ti adhipp±yo.
Att±nudiµµhi½ ³hacc±ti ettha att±nudiµµhi n±ma “r³pa½ att±, r³pav± att±, r³pasmi½ att±, attani r³pan”ti-±dippak±r± v²sativatthuk± diµµhi. Maggena ³hacca samucchinditv± eva½ vuttavidhin± maccutaro maccuno visay±tikkanto siy± bhaveyya. Ettha ya½ maccuvisaya½ taraºa½ atikkamana½, tassa atikkamanassa yañca pubbabh±gapaµipad±sampajjana½, ida½ bhagavato desan±ya phala½ desan±h±rassa visayanti adhipp±yo. Pubbe visu½ visu½ phal³p±y±ºattiyo vibhatt±pi–
“Suññato loka½ avekkhassu, moghar±ja sad± sato;
att±nudiµµhi½ ³hacca, eva½ maccutaro siy±”ti. (Su. ni. 1125; mah±ni. 186; c³¼ani. piªgiyam±ºavapucch± 144, moghar±jam±ºavapucch±niddesa 88)–

Ekag±th±ya½ puna ekato vibhajanato phal±d²su ekato dassitesu sabbattha suttesu v± sabbattha g±th±su v± phal±dayo dassetabb± ass±d±dayo viya katthaci niddh±retv±ti viseso vij±nitabbo. Ten±ha aµµhakath±cariyo “yath± pana…pe… ekato ud±haraºa½ katanti daµµhabban”ti (netti. aµµha. 5).

6. Desan±h±rassa visayabh³t± ass±d±dayo “idha p±¼idhamme aya½ ass±do ±gato, idha p±¼idhamme aya½ ±d²navo ±gato”ti-±din± visesato nidassanavasena sar³pato ±cariyena vibhatt±, te ass±d±dayo tiººa½ ugghaµitaññu-±d²na½ puggal±na½ s±maññato bhagav± ki½ nu kho deseti, ud±hu ekassa puggalassa yath±l±bha½ ki½ nu deset²ti anuyogassa sambhavato imassa puggalassa ima½ deseti, imassa puggalassa ima½ deset²ti puggalabhedena ass±d±dayo vibhajitv± dassetu½ “tattha bhagav± ugghaµitaññuss±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha tatth±ti tesu ass±d±d²su. Nissaraºa½ ugghaµitaññussa puggalassa bhagav± deseti, ±d²navañca nissaraºañca ime dve vipañcitaññussa puggalassa bhagav± deseti, ass±dañca ±d²navañca nissaraºañca ime tayo neyyassa puggalassa bhagav± deset²ti yojanattho daµµhabbo.
Aµµhakath±ya½ pana “eva½ ass±d±dayo ud±haraºavasena sar³pato dassetv± id±ni tattha puggalavibh±gena desan±vibh±ga½ dassetu½ ‘tattha bhagav±’ti-±di vuttan”ti vutta½.
Tattha ugghaµitaññuss±ti ugghaµ²yate paµivijjh²yate, µhap²yate v± sappabhedo vitth±ro atthoti ugghaµito, j±n±t²ti ñ³, ugghaµita½ attha½ ñ³ ugghaµitaññ³, uddesamatteneva sappabheda½ savitth±ra½ paµivijjhitabba½ attha½ paµivijjhat²ti attho. Yo puggalo uddeseneva uddiµµhamatteneva attha½ ñatv± atthasiddhippatto hoti, so ugghaµitaññ³ n±ma.
Vipañc²yate vitthar²yate atthoti vipañcito, ta½ j±n±t²ti vipañcitaññ³. Yo puggalo niddesena niddiµµhamattameva attha½ ñatv± atthasiddhippatto, so vipañcitaññ³ n±ma.
Paµiniddesena attho netabbo p±petabboti neyyo. Yo puggalo paµiniddesena v± paµilomena v± vibhatta½ eva attha½ ñatv± atthasiddhippatto, so neyyo n±ma. Nissaraºadesan±yeva ugghaµitaññussa paµivedh±bhisamayo siddho hoti, ±d²navadesan±ya ceva nissaraºadesan±ya ca vipañcitaññussa paµivedh±bhisamayo siddho hoti, ass±dadesan±ya ca ±d²navadesan±ya ca nissaraºadesan±ya ca neyyassa paµivedh±bhisamayo siddho hot²ti adhipp±yo idha gahetabbo.
Padaparamo panettha paµivedh±bhisamayabhajan±bh±vato na gahito. Tasmiñca aggahite ass±do, ±d²navo, nissaraºa½, ass±d±d²nav±, ass±danissaraº±ni, ±d²navanissaraº±ni, ass±d±d²navanissaraº±ni c±ti sattasu paµµh±nanayesu tatiyachaµµhasattam±va gahit±, avases± catt±ro nay± na gahit±. Veneyyavinayan±bh±vato hi gahaº±gahaºa½ daµµhabba½. Veneyyavinayañca veneyy±na½ sant±ne ariyamaggassupp±dana½, na s±sanavinayanamatta½, ariyamaggupp±danañca yath±vuttehi eva t²hi padaµµh±nanayehi sijjhat²ti itare nay± idha na vutt±.
Yasm± pana peµake (peµako. 23)–
“Tattha katamo ass±do ca ±d²navo ca?
‘Y±ni karoti puriso, t±ni passati attani;
kaly±ºak±r² kaly±ºa½, p±pak±r² ca p±pakan’ti.
“Tattha ya½ kaly±ºak±r² kaly±ºa½ paccanubhoti, aya½ ass±do. Ya½ p±pak±r² p±pa½ paccanubhoti, aya½ ±d²navo.
“Aµµhime, bhikkhave, lokadhamm±. Katame aµµha? ‘L±bho’ti-±di (a. ni. 8.6). Tattha l±bho yaso sukha½ pasa½s±, aya½ ass±do. Al±bho ayaso dukkha½ nind±, aya½ ±d²navo.
“Tattha katamo ass±do ca nissaraºañca?
‘Sukho vip±ko puññ±na½, adhipp±yo ca ijjhati;
khippañca parama½ santi½, nibb±namadhigacchat²’ti.–

Aya½ ass±do ca nissaraºañca.

“Dvatti½sim±ni, bhikkhave, mah±purisassa mah±purisalakkhaº±ni, yehi samann±gatassa mah±purisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti…pe… vivaµacchadoti sabba½ lakkhaºasutta½ (d². ni. 3.199) aya½ ass±do ca nissaraºañca.
“Tattha katamo ±d²navo ca nissaraºañca?
‘Bh±r± have pañcakkhandh±, bh±rah±ro ca puggalo;
bh±r±d±na½ dukha½ loke, bh±ranikkhepana½ sukha½.
‘Nikkhipitv± garu½ bh±ra½, añña½ bh±ra½ an±diya;
sam³la½ taºhamabbuyha, nicch±to parinibbuto’ti. (Sa½. ni. 3.22)–

Aya½ ±d²navo ca nissaraºañca.

“Tattha katamo ass±do ca ±d²navo ca nissaraºañca?
‘K±m± hi citr± madhur± manoram±, vir³par³pena mathenti citta½;
tasm± aha½ pabbajitomhi r±ja, apaººaka½ s±maññameva seyyo’ti. (Ma. ni. 2.307; therag±. 787; peµako. 23)–

Aya½ ass±do ca ±d²navo ca nissaraºañc±”ti vutta½, tasm± tepi nay± idha niddh±retv± veditabb±. Phal±d²supi aya½ nayo labbhatiyeva.

Yasm± peµake (sa½. ni. 1.23, 192; peµako. 22; mi. pa. 2.1.9)– “tattha katama½ phalañca up±yo ca? ‘S²le patiµµh±ya naro sappañño’ti g±th±, ida½ phalañca up±yo ca.
“Tattha katama½ phalañca ±ºatti ca?
‘Sace bh±yatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiya½;
m±kattha p±paka½ kamma½, ±vi v± yadi v± raho’ti. (Ud±. 44)–

Ida½ phalañca ±ºatti ca.

“Tattha katamo up±yo ca ±ºatti ca?
‘Kumbh³pama½ k±yamima½ viditv±, nagar³pama½ cittamida½ µhapetv±;
yodhetha m±ra½ paññ±vudhena, jitañca rakkhe anivesano siy±’ti. (Dha. pa. 40)–

Aya½ up±yo ca ±ºatti c±”ti vutta½, tasm± eva½ phal±d²na½ dukkhavasen±pi ud±haraºa½ veditabba½.

“Ugghaµitaññu-±d²na½ tiººa½ puggal±na½ imassa puggalassa ima½ deseti, imassa puggalassa ima½ deset²”ti yehi puggalehi ass±d±dayo yath±raha½ ±cariyena vibhatt±, te puggal± y±hi paµipad±hi bhinn±, t± paµipad± kittik± bhavanti, t±hi bhinn± puggal± ca kittik±ti vic±raº±ya sambhavato t± paµipad±, te ca puggal± ettak±ti gaºanato dassetu½ “tattha catasso paµipad±”ti-±di ±raddha½.
Tattha tatth±ti tesu ugghaµitaññu-±d²su puggalesu. Ye puggal± y±hi paµipad±hi bhinn±, t± paµipad± catasso bhavanti, te ca puggal± catt±roti yojan± k±tabb±. Katam± catasso? Dukkh±paµipad± dandh±bhiññ±, dukkh±paµipad± khipp±bhiññ±, sukh±paµipad± dandh±bhiññ±, sukh±paµipad± khipp±bhiññ± c±ti catasso. Katame catt±ro? Taºh±carito mando puggalo, taºh±carito udatto puggalo, diµµhicarito mando puggalo, diµµhicarito udatto puggalo c±ti catt±ro.
Paµipad±bhiññ±hi kato vibh±gopi paµipad±hi kato vibh±go n±ma hoti avin±bh±vatoti manasi katv± “catasso paµipad±bhiññ±”ti avatv± “catasso paµipad±”ti vutt±. T± panet± samathavasen±pi bhinn±, vipassan±vasen±pi bhinn±. Katha½ samathavasena? Pathav²kasiº±d²su sabbapaµhama½ “pathav² pathav²”ti-±din± pavattamanasik±rato paµµh±ya y±va jh±nassa upac±ra½ uppajjati, t±va pavatt± paññ± samathabh±van± “paµipad±”ti vuccati. Upac±rato pana paµµh±ya y±va appan±, t±va pavatt± paññ± “abhiññ±”ti vuccati heµµhimapaññ±to adhigatapaññ±bh±vato.
S± ca paµipad± kassaci dukkh± kicch± hoti n²varaº±dipaccan²kadhammasamud±c±raggahaºat±ya, kassaci tadabh±vato sukh± akicch± hoti, abhiññ±pi kassaci dandh± as²ghappavatti hoti avisadañ±ºat±ya, kassaci khipp± s²ghappavatti hoti visadañ±ºat±y±ti.
Katha½ vipassan±vasena? Yo r³p±r³pamukhena vipassana½ abhinivisanto catt±ri mah±bh³t±ni pariggahetv± up±d±r³pa½ pariggaºh±ti, ar³pa½ pariggaºh±ti, r³p±r³pa½ pana pariggaºhanto dukkhena kasirena kilamanto pariggahaetau½ sakkoti, tassa dukkh±paµipad± n±ma hoti. Pariggahitar³p±r³passa vipassan±pariv±se maggap±tubh±vadandhat±ya dandh±bhiññ± n±ma hoti. Tabbipariy±yena itar± dve honti. Vipassan±vasena pana bhinn±yeva paµipad±bhiññ±yo idha daµµhabb± abhisamay±dhik±ratt±, aµµhakath±ya½ pana “eva½ yesa½ puggal±na½ vasena desan±vibh±go dassito, te puggale paµipad±vibh±gena vibhajitv± dassetu½ ‘catasso paµipad±’ti-±di vuttan”ti (netti. aµµha. 6) vutta½. Yojan±nayo vuttanay±nus±reneva veditabbo.
Cat³hi paµipad±bhiññ±hi catt±ro puggal± sabbeva aniyamato vaµµadukkhato ki½ nu kho niyyanti, ud±hu “im±ya paµipad±bhiññ±ya aya½ puggalo niyy±ti, im±ya paµipad±bhiññ±ya aya½ puggalo niyy±t²”ti niyamato ca niyy±t²ti vic±raº±ya sambhavato “aya½ puggalo imehi nissayehi upanissayapaccaya½ labhitv± im±ya paµipad±bhiññ±ya vaµµadukkhato niyy±t²”ti niyametv± dassetu½ “taºh±carito mando”ti-±di vutta½.
Tattha taºh±carito mando puggalo satipaµµh±nehi nissayehi upanissayapaccaya½ labhitv± satindriyena satindriy±dhikena ariyamaggena dukkh±paµipad±dandh±bhiññ±ya vaµµadukkhato niyy±ti, taºh±carito udatto puggalo jh±nehi nissayehi upanissayapaccaya½ labhitv± sam±dhindriyena sam±dhindriy±dhikena ariyamaggena dukkh±paµipad±khipp±bhiññ±ya vaµµadukkhato niyy±ti diµµhicarito mando puggalo sammappadh±nehi nissayehi upanissayapaccaya½ labhitv± v²riyindriyena v²riyindriy±dhikena ariyamaggena sukh±paµipad±dandh±bhiññ±ya vaµµadukkhato niyy±ti, diµµhicarito udatto puggalo saccehi nissayehi upanissayapaccaya½ labhitv± paññindriyena paññindriy±dhikena ariyamaggena sukh±paµipad±khipp±bhiññ±ya vaµµadukkhato niyy±t²ti yojan± k±tabb±. Aµµhakath±ya½ pana–