3. Mah±vaggo

1. S²han±dasuttavaººan±

21. Tatiyassa paµhame visamagateti visamaµµh±nesu gocaresu gate. Saªgh±ta½ ±p±desinti gh±ta½ vadha½ p±pesi½. Tassa hi ussannatejat±ya khuddakesu p±ºesu anukamp± hoti. Tasm± ye paµisattubh±vena saºµh±tu½ sakkhissanti, ye dubbal± pal±yituk±m± bhavissanti, te pal±yissant²ti s²han±da½ naditv±va gocar±ya pakkamati. Tath±gatasseta½ adhivacananti yadi hi sahanat±ya hananat±ya ca s²ho, tath±gato hi sabb±ni ca iµµh±niµµh±ni sahati, sabbaparappav±dino ca v±d±na½ nimmathanena hanati. Idamassa hoti s²han±dasminti ayamassa s²han±do.

Tath±gatabal±n²ti aññehi as±dh±raº±ni tath±gatasseva bal±ni. Yath± v± pubbabuddh±na½ bal±ni puññasampattiy± ±gat±ni, tath± ±gatabal±n²tipi attho. Tattha duvidha½ tath±gatassa bala½ k±yabala½ ñ±ºabala½. Tesu k±yabala½ hatthikul±nus±rena veditabba½. Vuttañheta½ por±ºehi–

“K±l±vakañca gaªgeyya½, paº¹ara½ tambapiªgala½;
gandhamaªgalahemañca, uposathachaddantime das±”ti.

Im±ni dasa hatthikul±ni. Tattha k±l±vakanti pakatihatthikula½ daµµhabba½. Ya½ dasanna½ puris±na½ k±yabala½, ta½ ekassa k±l±vakassa hatthino. Ya½ dasanna½ k±l±vak±na½ bala½, ta½ ekassa gaªgeyyassa. Ya½ dasanna½ gaªgeyy±na½, ta½ ekassa paº¹arassa. Ya½ dasanna½ paº¹ar±na½, ta½ ekassa tambassa. Ya½ dasanna½ tamb±na½, ta½ ekassa piªgalassa. Ya½ dasanna½ piªgal±na½, ta½ ekassa gandhahatthino. Ya½ dasanna½ gandhahatth²na½, ta½ ekassa maªgalassa. Ya½ dasanna½ maªgal±na½, ta½ ekassa hemassa. Ya½ dasanna½ hem±na½, ta½ ekassa uposathassa. Ya½ dasanna½ uposath±na½, ta½ ekassa chaddantassa. Ya½ dasanna½ chaddant±na½, ta½ ekassa tath±gatassa. N±r±yanasaªgh±tabalantipi idameva vuccati Tadeta½ pakatihatthigaºan±ya hatth²na½ koµisahass±na½, purisagaºan±ya dasanna½ purisakoµisahass±na½ bala½ hoti. Ida½ t±va tath±gatassa k±yabala½.

ѱºabala½ pana p±¼iya½ t±va ±gatameva. Dasabalañ±ºa½, majjhime ±gata½ catuves±rajjañ±ºa½, aµµhasu paris±su akampanañ±ºa½, catuyoniparicchedañ±ºa½, pañcagatiparicchedañ±ºa½, sa½yuttake (sa½. ni. 2.33) ±gat±ni tesattati ñ±º±ni sattasattati ñ±º±n²ti, eva½ aññ±nipi anek±ni ñ±ºabala½ n±ma. Idh±pi ñ±ºabalameva adhippeta½. ѱºañhi akampiyaµµhena upatthambhanaµµhena ca balanti vutta½.

¾sabha½ µh±nanti seµµhaµµh±na½ uttamaµµh±na½. ¾sabh± v± pubbabuddh±, tesa½ µh±nanti attho. Apica gavasatajeµµhako usabho, gavasahassajeµµhako vasabho. Vajasatajeµµhako v± usabho, vajasahassajeµµhako vasabho. Sabbagavaseµµho sabbaparissayasaho seto p±s±diko mah±bh±ravaho asanisatasaddehipi asampakampiyo nisabho, so idha usabhoti adhippeto. Idampi hi tassa pariy±yavacana½. Usabhassa idanti ±sabha½. Ýh±nanti cat³hi p±dehi pathavi½ upp²¼etv± acalaµµh±na½. Ida½ pana ±sabha½ viy±ti ±sabha½. Yatheva hi nisabhasaªkh±to usabho usabhabalena samann±gato cat³hi p±dehi pathavi½ upp²¼etv± acalaµµh±nena tiµµhati, eva½ tath±gatopi dasahi tath±gatabalehi samann±gato cat³hi ves±rajjap±dehi aµµhaparisapathavi½ upp²¼etv± sadevake loke kenaci paccatthikena pacc±mittena akampiyo acalaµµh±nena tiµµhati. Eva½ tiµµham±no ca ta½ ±sabha½ µh±na½ paµij±n±ti upagacchati na paccakkh±ti attani ±ropeti. Tena vutta½– “±sabha½ µh±na½ paµij±n±t²”ti.

Paris±s³ti aµµhasu paris±su. S²han±da½ nadat²ti seµµhan±da½ nadati, abh²tan±da½ nadati, s²han±dasadisa½ v± n±da½ nadati. Tatr±ya½ upam±– yath± s²ho s²habalena samann±gato sabbattha vis±rado vigatalomaha½so s²han±da½ nadati, eva½ tath±gatas²hopi tath±gatabalehi samann±gato aµµhasu paris±su vis±rado vigatalomaha½so “iti sakk±yo”ti-±din± nayena n±n±vidhadesan±vil±sasampanna½ s²han±da½ nadati. Tena vutta½– “paris±su s²han±da½ nadat²”ti.

Brahmacakka½ pavattet²ti ettha brahmanti seµµha½ uttama½ visiµµha½. Cakkanti dhammacakka½. Ta½ paneta½ duvidha½ hoti paµivedhañ±ºañceva desan±ñ±ºañca. Tattha paññ±pabh±vita½ attano ariyaphal±vaha½ paµivedhañ±ºa½, karuº±pabh±vita½ s±vak±na½ ariyaphal±vaha½ desan±ñ±ºa½. Tattha paµivedhañ±ºa½ uppajjam±na½ uppannanti duvidha½. Tañhi abhinikkhamanato y±va arahattamagg± uppajjam±na½, phalakkhaºe uppanna½ n±ma. Tusitabhavanato v± y±va mah±bodhipallaªke arahattamagg± uppajjam±na½, phalakkhaºe uppanna½ n±ma. D²paªkarato v± paµµh±ya y±va arahattamagg± uppajjam±na½, phalakkhaºe uppanna½ n±ma. Desan±ñ±ºampi pavattam±na½ pavattanti duvidha½. Tañhi y±va aññ±sikoº¹aññassa sot±pattimagg± pavattam±na½, phalakkhaºe pavatta½ n±ma. Tesu paµivedhañ±ºa½ lokuttara½, desan±ñ±ºa½ lokiya½. Ubhayampi paneta½ aññehi as±dh±raºa½, buddh±na½yeva orasañ±ºa½.

Id±ni yehi dasahi balehi samann±gato tath±gato ±sabha½ µh±na½ paµij±n±ti, t±ni vitth±rato dassetu½ katam±ni dasa? Idha, bhikkhave, tath±gato µh±nañca µh±natoti-±dim±ha. Tattha µh±nañca µh±natoti k±raºañca k±raºato. K±raºañhi yasm± tattha phala½ tiµµhati, tad±yattavuttit±ya uppajjati ceva pavattati ca, tasm± µh±nanti vuccati. Ta½ bhagav± “ye ye dhamm± yesa½ yesa½ dhamm±na½ het³ paccay± upp±d±ya, ta½ ta½ µh±na½. Ye ye dhamm± yesa½ yesa½ dhamm±na½ na het³ na paccay± upp±d±ya, ta½ ta½ aµµh±nan”ti paj±nanto µh±nañca µh±nato aµµh±nañca aµµh±nato yath±bh³ta½ paj±n±ti. Abhidhamme paneta½ “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa µh±nañca µh±nato aµµh±nañca aµµh±nato yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºan”ti-±din± (vibha. 809) nayena vitth±ritameva. Yamp²ti yena ñ±ºena. Idampi, bhikkhave, tath±gatass±ti idampi µh±n±µµh±nañ±ºa½ tath±gatassa tath±gatabala½ n±ma hot²ti attho. Eva½ sabbapadesu yojan± veditabb±.

Kammasam±d±n±nanti sam±diyitv± kat±na½ kusal±kusalakamm±na½, kammameva v± kammasam±d±na½. Ýh±naso hetusoti paccayato ceva hetuto ca. Tattha gati-upadhik±lapayog± vip±kassa µh±na½, kamma½ hetu. Imassa pana ñ±ºassa vitth±rakath± “atthekacc±ni p±pak±ni kammasam±d±n±ni gatisampattipaµib±¼h±ni na vipaccant²”ti-±din± (vibha. 810) nayena abhidhamme ±gat±yeva.

Sabbatthag±mininti sabbagatig±miniñca agatig±miniñca. Paµipadanti magga½. Yath±bh³ta½ paj±n±t²ti bah³supi manussesu ekameva p±ºa½ gh±tentesu “imassa cetan± nirayag±min² bhavissati, imassa tiracch±nayonig±min²”ti imin± nayena ekavatthusmimpi kusal±kusalacetan±saªkh±t±na½ paµipatt²na½ avipar²tato sabh±va½ j±n±ti. Imassapi ca ñ±ºassa vitth±rakath± “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa sabbatthag±mini½ paµipada½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºa½? Idha tath±gato aya½ maggo aya½ paµipad± nirayag±min²ti paj±n±t²”ti-±din± (vibha. 811) nayena abhidhamme ±gat±yeva.

Anekadh±tunti cakkhudh±tu-±d²hi k±madh±tu-±d²hi v± dh±t³hi bahudh±tu½. N±n±dh±tunti t±sa½yeva dh±t³na½ vilakkhaºat±ya n±nappak±radh±tu½. Lokanti khandh±yatanadh±tuloka½. Yath±bh³ta½ paj±n±t²ti t±sa½ dh±t³na½ avipar²tato sabh±va½ paµivijjhati. Idampi ñ±ºa½ “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa anekadh±tun±n±dh±tuloka½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºa½? Idha tath±gato khandhan±natta½ paj±n±t²”ti-±din± nayena abhidhamme vitth±ritameva.

N±n±dhimuttikatanti h²n±d²hi adhimutt²hi n±n±dhimuttikabh±va½. Idampi ñ±ºa½ “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa satt±na½ n±n±dhimuttikata½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºa½? Idha tath±gato paj±n±ti santi satt± h²n±dhimuttik±”ti-±din± nayena abhidhamme vitth±ritameva.

Parasatt±nanti padh±nasatt±na½. Parapuggal±nanti tato aññesa½ h²nasatt±na½. Ekatthameva v± eta½ padadvaya½, veneyyavasena dvidh± vutta½. Indriyaparopariyattanti saddh±d²na½ indriy±na½ parabh±vañca aparabh±vañca, vuddhiñca h±niñc±ti attho. Imass±pi ñ±ºassa vitth±rakath± “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa parasatt±na½ parapuggal±na½ indriyaparopariyatta½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºa½ Idha tath±gato satt±na½ ±saya½ paj±n±t²”ti (vibha. 814) ±din± nayena abhidhamme ±gat±yeva.

Jh±navimokkhasam±dhisam±patt²nanti paµham±d²na½ catunna½ jh±n±na½, “r³p² r³p±ni passat²”ti-±d²na½ aµµhanna½ vimokkh±na½, savitakkasavic±r±d²na½ tiººa½ sam±dh²na½, paµhamajjh±nasam±patti-±d²nañca navanna½ anupubbasam±patt²na½. Sa½kilesanti h±nabh±giyadhamma½. Vod±nanti visesabh±giyadhamma½. Vuµµh±nanti “vod±nampi vuµµh±na½, tamh± tamh± sam±dhimh± vuµµh±nampi vuµµh±nan”ti (vibha. 828) eva½ vutta½ paguºajjh±nañceva bhavaªgaphalasam±pattiyo ca. Heµµhima½ heµµhimañhi paguºajjh±na½ uparimassa uparimassa padaµµh±na½ hoti, tasm± “vod±nampi vuµµh±nan”ti vutta½. Bhavaªgena pana sabbajjh±nehi vuµµh±na½ hoti, phalasam±pattiy± nirodhasam±pattito vuµµh±na½ hoti. Ta½ sandh±ya ca “tamh± tamh± sam±dhimh± vuµµh±nampi vuµµh±nan”ti vutta½. Idampi ñ±ºa½ “tattha katama½ tath±gatassa jh±navimokkhasam±dhisam±patt²na½ sa½kilesa½ vod±na½ vuµµh±na½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºa½? Jh±y²ti catt±ro jh±y², atthekacco jh±y² sampatti½yeva sam±na½ vipatt²ti paccet²”ti-±din± (vibha. 828) nayena abhidhamme vitth±ritameva. Sabbañ±º±na½ vitth±rakath±ya vinicchayo sammohavinodaniy± vibhaªgaµµhakath±ya vutto, pubbeniv±s±nussatidibbacakkhuñ±ºakath± visuddhimagge vitth±rit±, ±savakkhayakath± heµµh± vutt±yev±ti.

Tattha parav±d²kath± hoti “dasabalañ±ºa½ n±ma p±µiyekka½ ñ±ºa½ natthi, sabbaññutaññ±ºassev±ya½ pabhedo”ti. Ta½ na tath± daµµhabba½. Aññameva hi dasabalañ±ºa½, añña½ sabbaññutaññ±ºa½. Dasabalañ±ºañhi sakasakakiccameva j±n±ti, sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ tampi tato avasesampi j±n±ti. Dasabalañ±ºesu hi paµhama½ k±raº±k±raºameva j±n±ti, dutiya½ kammavip±kantarameva, tatiya½ kammaparicchedameva, catuttha½ dh±tun±nattak±raºameva, pañcama½ satt±na½ ajjh±say±dhimuttimeva, chaµµha½ indriy±na½ tikkhamudubh±vameva, sattama½ jh±n±d²hi saddhi½ tesa½ sa½kiles±dimeva, aµµhama½ pubbenivutthakkhandhasantatimeva, navama½ satt±na½ cutipaµisandhimeva, dasama½ saccaparicchedameva. Sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ pana etehi j±nitabbañca tato uttariñca paj±n±ti, etesa½ pana kicca½ na sabba½ karoti. Tañhi jh±na½ hutv± appetu½ na sakkoti, iddhi hutv± vikubbitu½ na sakkoti, maggo hutv± kilese khepetu½ na sakkoti.

Apica parav±d² eva½ pucchitabbo “dasabalañ±ºa½ n±meta½ savitakkasavic±ra½ avitakkavic±ramatta½ avitakka-avic±ra½, k±m±vacara½ r³p±vacara½ ar³p±vacara½, lokiya½ lokuttaran”ti. J±nanto “paµip±µiy± satta ñ±º±ni savitakkasavic±r±n²”ti vakkhati, “tato par±ni dve avitakka-avic±r±n²”ti vakkhati. “¾savakkhayañ±ºa½ siy± savitakkasavic±ra½ siy± avitakkavic±ramatta½, siy± avitakka-avic±ran”ti vakkhati Tath± “paµip±µiy± satta k±m±vacar±ni, tato dve r³p±vacar±ni, avas±ne eka½ lokuttaran”ti vakkhati. “Sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ pana savitakkasavic±rameva lokiyamev±”ti vakkhati.

Evamettha anupadavaººana½ ñatv± id±ni yasm± tath±gato paµhama½yeva µh±n±µµh±nañ±ºena veneyyasatt±na½ ±savakkhay±dhigamassa ceva anadhigamassa ca µh±n±µµh±nabh³ta½ kiles±varaº±bh±va½ passati lokiyasamm±diµµhiµµh±n±didassanato niyatamicch±diµµhiµµh±n±bh±vadassanato ca. Atha nesa½ kammavip±kañ±ºena vip±k±varaº±bh±va½ passati tihetukappaµisandhidassanato, sabbatthag±minipaµipad±ñ±ºena kamm±varaº±bh±va½ passati ±nantariyakamm±bh±vadassanato. Evaman±varaº±na½ anekadh±tun±n±dh±tuñ±ºena anuk³ladhammadesanattha½ cariy±visesa½ passati dh±tuvemattadassanato. Atha nesa½ n±n±dhimuttikatañ±ºena adhimutti½ passati payoga½ an±diyitv±pi adhimuttivasena dhammadesanattha½. Atheva½ diµµh±dhimutt²na½ yath±satti yath±bala½ dhamma½ desetu½ indriyaparopariyattiñ±ºena indriyaparopariyatta½ passati saddh±d²na½ tikkhamudubh±vadassanato. Eva½ pariññ±tindriyaparopariyatt± pana te sace d³re honti, atha jh±n±diñ±ºena jh±n±d²su vas²bh³tatt± iddhivisesena te khippa½ upagacchati. Upagantv± ca nesa½ pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºena pubbaj±tibhava½, dibbacakkh±nubh±vato pattabbena cetopariyañ±ºena sampati cittavisesa½ passanto ±savakkhayañ±º±nubh±vena ±savakkhayag±miniy± paµipad±ya vigatasammohatt± ±savakkhay±ya dhamma½ deseti. Tasm± imin±nukkamena im±ni bal±ni vutt±n²ti veditabb±ni.