Catumah±padesavaŗŗan±

187. Mah±padeseti mah±-ok±se, mah±-apadese v±, buddh±dayo mahante mahante apadisitv± vutt±ni mah±k±raŗ±n²ti attho.
188. Neva abhinanditabbanti haµµhatuµµhehi s±dhuk±ra½ datv± pubbeva na sotabba½, eva½ kate hi pacch± “ida½ na samet²”ti vuccam±no– “ki½ pubbeva aya½ dhammo, id±ni na dhammo”ti vatv± laddhi½ na vissajjeti. Nappaµikkositabbanti– “ki½ esa b±lo vadat²”ti eva½ pubbeva na vattabba½, eva½ vutte hi vattu½ yuttampi na vakkhati. Ten±ha– “anabhinanditv± appaµikkositv±”ti. Padabyańjan±n²ti padasaŖkh±t±ni byańjan±ni. S±dhuka½ uggahetv±ti imasmi½ µh±ne p±¼i vutt±, imasmi½ µh±ne attho vutto, imasmi½ µh±ne anusandhi kathito, imasmi½ µh±ne pubb±para½ kathitanti suµµhu gahetv±. Sutte os±retabb±n²ti sutte ot±retabb±ni. Vinaye sandassetabb±n²ti vinaye sa½sandetabb±ni.
Ettha ca suttanti vinayo. Yath±ha– “kattha paµikkhitta½? S±vatthiya½ suttavibhaŖge”ti (cu¼ava. 457). Vinayoti khandhako. Yath±ha– “vinay±tis±re”ti. Eva½ vinayapiµakampi na pariy±diyati. UbhatovibhaŖg± pana sutta½, khandhakapariv±r± vinayoti eva½ vinayapiµaka½ pariy±diyati. Athav± suttantapiµaka½ sutta½, vinayapiµaka½ vinayoti eva½ dveyeva piµak±ni pariy±diyanti. Suttant±bhidhammapiµak±ni v± sutta½, vinayapiµaka½ vinayoti evampi t²ŗi piµak±ni na t±va pariy±diyanti. Asuttan±makańhi buddhavacana½ n±ma atthi. Seyyathida½– j±taka½, paµisambhid±, niddeso, suttanip±to, dhammapada½, ud±na½, itivuttaka½, vim±navatthu, petavatthu, therag±th±, ther²g±th±, apad±nanti.
Sudinnatthero pana– “asuttan±maka½ buddhavacana½ na atth²”ti ta½ sabba½ paµipakkhipitv±– “t²ŗi piµak±ni sutta½, vinayo pana k±raŗan”ti ±ha. Tato ta½ k±raŗa½ dassento ida½ suttam±hari–
“Ye kho tva½, gotami, dhamme j±neyy±si, ime dhamm± sar±g±ya sa½vattanti no vir±g±ya, sańńog±ya sa½vattanti no visańńog±ya, ±cay±ya sa½vattanti no apacay±ya, mahicchat±ya sa½vattanti no appicchat±ya, asantuµµhiy± sa½vattanti no santuµµhiy±, saŖgaŗik±ya sa½vattanti no pavivek±ya, kosajj±ya sa½vattanti no v²riy±rambh±ya, dubbharat±ya sa½vattanti no subharat±ya. Eka½sena, gotami, dh±reyy±si– ‘neso dhammo, neso vinayo, neta½ satthus±sanan’ti. Ye ca kho tva½, gotami, dhamme j±neyy±si, ime dhamm± vir±g±ya sa½vattanti no sar±g±ya, visańńog±ya sa½vattanti no sańńog±ya, apacay±ya sa½vattanti no ±cay±ya, appicchat±ya sa½vattanti no mahicchat±ya, santuµµhiy± sa½vattanti no asantuµµhiy±, pavivek±ya sa½vattanti no saŖgaŗik±ya v²riy±rambh±ya sa½vattanti no kosajj±ya, subharat±ya sa½vattanti no dubbharat±ya. Eka½sena, gotami, dh±reyy±si– ‘eso dhammo, eso vinayo, eta½ satthus±sanan’ti” (a. ni. 8.53).
Tasm± sutteti tepiµake buddhavacane ot±retabb±ni. Vinayeti etasmi½ r±g±divinayak±raŗe sa½sandetabb±n²ti ayamettha attho. Na ceva sutte osarant²ti suttapaµip±µiy± katthaci an±gantv± challi½ uµµhapetv± gu¼havessantara-gu¼ha-ummagga-gu¼havinaya-vedallapiµak±na½ ańńatarato ±gat±ni pańń±yant²ti attho. Eva½ ±gat±ni hi r±g±divinaye ca na pańń±yam±n±ni cha¹¹etabb±ni honti. Tena vutta½– “iti heta½, bhikkhave, cha¹¹eyy±th±”ti. Etenup±yena sabbattha attho veditabbo.
Ida½ bhikkhave, catuttha½ mah±padesa½ dh±reyy±th±ti ida½ catuttha½ dhammassa patiµµh±nok±sa½ dh±reyy±tha.
Imasmi½ pana µh±ne ima½ pakiŗŗaka½ veditabba½. Sutte catt±ro mah±pades±, khandhake catt±ro mah±pades±, catt±ri pańhaby±karaŗ±ni, sutta½, sutt±nuloma½, ±cariyav±do, attanomati, tisso saŖg²tiyoti.
Tattha– “aya½ dhammo, aya½ vinayo”ti dhammavinicchaye patte ime catt±ro mah±pades± pam±ŗa½. Ya½ ettha sameti tadeva gahetabba½, itara½ viravantassapi na gahetabba½.
“Ida½ kappati, ida½ na kappat²”ti kappiy±kappiyavinicchaye patte– “ya½, bhikkhave, may± ida½ na kappat²ti appaµikkhitta½, ta½ ce akappiya½ anulometi, kappiya½ paµib±hati, ta½ vo na kappat²”ti-±din± (mah±va. 305) nayena khandhake vutt± catt±ro mah±pades± pam±ŗa½. Tesa½ vinicchayakath± samantap±s±dik±ya½ vutt±. Tattha vuttanayena ya½ kappiya½ anulometi, tadeva kappiya½, itara½ akappiyanti eva½ sanniµµh±na½ k±tabba½.
Eka½saby±karaŗ²yo pańho, vibhajjaby±karaŗ²yo pańho, paµipucch±by±karaŗ²yo pańho, µhapan²yo pańhoti im±ni catt±ri pańhaby±karaŗ±ni n±ma. Tattha “cakkhu½ aniccan”ti puµµhena– “±ma aniccan”ti eka½seneva by±k±tabba½ Esa nayo sot±d²su. Aya½ eka½saby±karaŗ²yo pańho. “Anicca½ n±ma cakkhun”ti puµµhena– “na cakkhumeva, sotampi anicca½ gh±nampi aniccan”ti eva½ vibhajitv± by±k±tabba½. Aya½ vibhajjaby±karaŗ²yo pańho. “Yath± cakkhu tath± sota½, yath± sota½ tath± cakkhun”ti puµµhena “kenaµµhena pucchas²”ti paµipucchitv± “dassanaµµhena pucch±m²”ti vutte “na h²”ti by±k±tabba½, “aniccaµµhena pucch±m²”ti vutte ±m±ti by±k±tabba½. Aya½ paµipucch±by±karaŗ²yo pańho. “Ta½ j²va½ ta½ sar²ran”ti-±d²ni puµµhena pana “aby±katameta½ bhagavat±”ti µhapetabbo, esa pańho na by±k±tabbo. Aya½ µhapan²yo pańho. Iti ten±k±rena pańhe sampatte im±ni catt±ri pańhaby±karaŗ±ni pam±ŗa½. Imesa½ vasena so pańho by±k±tabbo.
Sutt±d²su pana sutta½ n±ma tisso saŖg²tiyo ±r³¼h±ni t²ŗi piµak±ni. Sutt±nuloma½ n±ma anulomakappiya½. ¾cariyav±do n±ma aµµhakath±. Attanomati n±ma nayagg±hena anubuddhiy± attano paµibh±na½. Tattha sutta½ appaµib±hiya½, ta½ paµib±hantena buddhova paµib±hito hoti. Anulomakappiya½ pana suttena samentameva gahetabba½, na itara½. ¾cariyav±dopi suttena samentoyeva gahetabbo, na itaro. Attanomati pana sabbadubbal±, s±pi suttena sament±yeva gahetabb±, na itar±. Pańcasatik±, sattasatik±, sahassik±ti im± pana tisso saŖg²tiyo. Suttampi t±su ±gatameva pam±ŗa½, itara½ g±rayhasutta½ na gahetabba½. Tattha otarant±nipi hi padabyańjan±ni na ceva sutte otaranti, na ca vinaye sandissant²ti veditabb±ni.