Viññ±ºakkhandhakath±vaººan±

451. Ya½ kiñc²ti anavasesapariy±d±nad²pakena padadvayena vedayitassa bahubhedata½ dassento vuccam±na½ r±saµµha½ ulliªgeti. Vedayita½ ±rammaºaras±nubhavana½ lakkhaºa½ etass±ti vedayitalakkhaºa½. Sabba½ ta½ dhammaj±tanti adhipp±yo, pubbe v± r³pakkhandhakath±ya½ vutta½ adhik±rato ±netv± sambandhitabba½. Ekato katv±ti at²t±dibhedabhinna½ sabba½ ta½ buddhiy± ekato katv±. Evañhi r±saµµhassa sambhavo. N²l±dibhedassa ±rammaºassa sañj±nana½, “n²la½ p²ta½ d²gha½ rassan”ti (dha. sa. 615) ca ±din± saññupp±davasena j±nana½ gahaºa½ lakkhaºa½ etass±ti sañj±nanalakkhaºa½. Abhisaªkharaºa½ ±y³hana½ by±p±r±patti, abhisandahana½ v±, ubhayath±pi cetan±padh±nat±ya saªkh±rakkhandhassa eva½ vutta½ “abhisaªkharaºalakkhaºan”ti. Tath± hi suttantabh±jan²ye saªkh±rakkhandha½ vibhajantena bhagavat± “cakkhusamphassaj± cetan±”ti-±din± (vibha. 21) cetan±va vibhatt±. Minitabbavatthu½ n±¼iy± minam±no puriso viya yena sañj±nan±k±ravisiµµhena ±k±rena visaya½ gaºh±ti, ta½ ±rammaº³paladdhisaªkh±ta½ vij±nana½ lakkhaºa½ etass±ti vij±nanalakkhaºa½. Itare vedan±kkhandh±dayo suviññeyy± hont²ti viññ±ºena ekupp±d±dibh±vato, sam±naj±ti-±divibh±gato ca.
Attan± “vij±nanalakkhaºan”ti vuttamattha½ suttena samatthetu½ “ya½ kiñc²”ti-±di vutta½. Yath±paccaya½ pavattimattameta½, yadida½ sabh±vadhammoti dassetu½ “vij±nanalakkhaºan”ti bh±vas±dhanavasena vutta½. Dhammasabh±v± vinimutto koci katt± n±ma natth²ti tasseva kattubh±va½ dassetu½ “vij±n±t²”ti vutta½. Ya½ vij±nanaµµhena viññ±ºa½, tadeva cintan±di-atthena citta½, mananaµµhena manoti pariy±yatopi na½ bodheti. Ett±vat± ca khandhato, bhedato, pariy±yato ca viññ±ºa½ vibh±vita½ hoti.
J±yanti ettha visadis±pi sadis±k±r±ti j±ti, sam±n±k±ro. S± pan±ya½ j±ti k±ma½ anekavidh± n±nappak±r±, ta½ idh±dhippetameva pana dassento “kusala½, akusala½, aby±katañc±”ti ±ha. Tattha kusalaµµhena kusala½. Koya½ kusalaµµho n±ma? ¾rogyaµµho anavajjaµµho sukhavip±kaµµho. ¾rogyaµµhen±pi hi kusala½ vuccati “kacci nu bhoto kusalan”ti-±d²su (j±. 1.15.146; 2.20.129). Anavajjaµµhen±pi “katamo pana, bhante, kusalo k±yasam±c±ro? Yo kho, mah±r±ja anavajjo k±yasam±c±ro”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.361). Sukhavip±kaµµhen±pi “kusal±na½, bhikkhave, dhamm±na½ sam±d±nahet³”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 3.80). Kusalacittañhi r±g±d²na½ cetasikarog±na½ avajjasabh±v±na½ paµipakkhabh±vato, sukhavip±kavipaccanato ca aroga½, anavajja½, sukhavip±kañc±ti.
Saddatthato pana kucchite p±padhamme salayati calayati kammeti viddha½set²ti kusala½. Kucchitena v± ±k±rena sayant²ti kus±, p±padhamm±, te kuse lun±ti chindat²ti kusala½. Kucchit±na½ v± s±nato tanukaraºato ñ±ºa½ kusa½ n±ma, tena l±tabba½ gahetabba½ pavattetabbanti kusala½. Yath± v± kuso ubhayabh±gagata½ hatthapadesa½ lun±ti, evamida½ uppann±nuppannavasena ubhayabh±gagata½ sa½kilesapakkha½ lun±ti chindati, tasm± kuso viya lun±t²ti kusala½. Kucchit±na½ v± s±vajjadhamm±na½ salanato sa½varaºato kusala½. Kusaladhammavasena hi akusal± pavattiniv±raºena, appavattibh±v±p±danena ca manacchaµµhesu dv±resu appavattiy± sa½vut± pihit± honti. Kucchite v± p±padhamme salayati kampeti apanet²ti kusala½. Kucchit±na½ v± p±º±tip±t±d²na½ p±padhamm±na½ s±nato nis±nato tejanato kus±, dosalobh±dayo. Dos±d²nañhi vasena cetan±ya tikkhabh±vappattiy± p±º±tip±t±d²na½ mah±s±vajjat±, te kuse lun±ti chindat²ti kusala½. Kucchit±na½ v± s±nato antakaraºato vin±sanato kus±ni, puññakiriyavasena pavatt±ni saddh±d²ni indriy±ni, tehi l±tabba½ pavattetabbanti kusala½. “Ku” iti v± bh³mi vuccati, adhiµµh±nabh±vena ta½sadisassa attano nissayabh³tassa r³p±r³pappabandhassa sampati, ±yatiñca anudahanena vin±sanato ku½ siyant²ti kus±, r±g±dayo, te viya attano nissayassa lavanato chindanato kusala½. Payogasamp±dit± hi kusaladhamm± accantameva r³p±r³padhamme appavattikaraºena samucchindant²ti.
Na kusalanti akusala½, kusalapaµipakkhanti attho. Na kusalanti hi kusalapaµikkhepena akusalapadassa avayavabhedena atthe vuccam±ne yath± ya½ dhammaj±ta½ na aroga½, na anavajja½, na sukhavip±ka½, na ca kosallasambh³ta½, ta½ akusalanti ayamattho dassito hoti, eva½ ya½ na kucchit±na½ salanasabh±va½, na kus±na½ lavanasabh±va½, na kusena kusehi v± pavattetabba½, na ca kuso viya lavanaka½, ta½ akusala½ n±m±ti ayampi attho dassito hoti. Ettha ca yasm± kusala½ akusalassa ujuvipaccan²kabh³ta½, yato cetasikarogapaµipakkh±dibh±vato arog±dipariy±yenapi bodhita½, tasm± akusala½ pana kusalassa ujuvipaccan²kabh³tanti vutta½ “kusalapaµipakkhanti attho”ti. Ta½ pana yath±kkama½ pah±yakapah±tabbabh±venev±ti daµµhabba½.
Na by±katanti aby±kata½, kusal±kusalabh±vena akathitanti attho. Tattha kusalabh±vo anavajjasukhavip±kaµµho. Akusalabh±vo s±vajjadukkhavip±kaµµho, tadubhayabh±vena avuttanti vutta½ hoti. Eteneva arogasarog±dibh±vena ca avuttat± vaººit±ti daµµhabb±. Ettha ca “kusala½ akusalan”ti ca vatv± “aby±katan”ti vuttatt± kusal±kusalabh±veneva avuttat± viññ±yati, na pak±rantarena. Avuttat± cettha na tath± avattabbat±mattena, atha kho tadubhayavinimuttasabh±vat±ya tesa½ dhamm±nanti daµµhabba½. Tath± heta½ “avip±kalakkhaºan”ti vuccati.
452. Bh³mibhedatoti bhavanti ettha dhamm±ti bh³mi, µh±na½, avatth± ca. Avatth±pi hi avatth±vant±na½ pavattiµµh±na½ viya gayhati, eva½ nesa½ sukhaggahaºa½ hot²ti Tattha lokiy± bh³mi µh±navaseneva veditabb±, lokuttar± avatth±vasena. Lokiy± v± µh±n±vatth±vasena, lokuttar± avatth±vaseneva. K±m±vacaranti ettha vatthuk±mo kilesak±moti dve k±m±. Tesu vatthuk±mo visesato pañca k±maguº± k±m²yant²ti, kilesak±mo taºh± k±met²ti. Te dvepi sahit± hutv± yattha avacaranti, ta½ k±m±vacara½. Ki½ pana tanti? Ek±dasavidho k±mabhavo. Ida½ yebhuyyena tattha avacarati pavattat²ti k±m±vacara½ ekassa avacarasaddassa lopa½ katv±. Eva½ r³p±r³p±vacar±nipi veditabb±ni r³pataºh± r³pa½, ar³pataºh± ar³panti katv±. Atha v± k±mataºh± k±mo uttarapadalopena, avacarati etth±ti avacara½, k±massa avacara½ k±m±vacara½. Eva½ r³p±vacar±r³p±vacar±nipi veditabb±ni. Lokato uttarat²ti lokuttara½ kusalassa adhippetatt±. Itara½ pana lokato uttiººanti lokuttara½.
Somanassupekkh±ñ±ºasaªkh±rabhedatoti ettha somanassupekkh±bhedo t±va yutto tesa½ bhinnasabh±vatt±, ñ±ºasaªkh±rabhedo pana kathanti? N±ya½ doso ñ±ºasaªkh±rakato bhedoñ±ºasaªkh±rabhedo, so ca tesa½ bh±v±bh±vakatoti katv±. Sobhana½ mano, sundara½ v± mano etass±ti sumano, sumanassa bh±vo somanassa½, m±nasikasukh± vedan± ru¼hiy±, somanassena upp±dato paµµh±ya y±va bhaªg± sahagata½ pavatta½ sa½saµµha½, sampayuttanti attho. Somanassasahagatat± cassa ±rammaºavasena veditabb±. Iµµh±rammaºe hi citta½ somanassasahagata½ hoti. Nanu ca iµµh±rammaºa½ lobhassa vatthu, katha½ tattha kusala½ hot²ti? Nayidamekantika½ iµµhepi ±bhog±divasena kusalassa uppajjanato. Yassa hi catusampatticakkasam±yog±divasena yonisova ±bhogo hoti, kusalameva ca may± kattabbanti kusalakaraºe citta½ niyamita½, akusalappavattito ca nivattetv± kusalakaraºe eva pariº±mita½, abhiºhakaraºavasena ca samud±carita½, tassa iµµhepi ±rammaºe alobh±disampayuttameva citta½ hoti, na lobh±disampayutta½.
ѱºena sama½ pak±rehi yuttanti ñ±ºasampayutta½. Ekupp±d±dayo eva cettha pak±r±ti veditabb±. Tattha kamm³papatti-indriyaparip±kakilesad³r²bh±v± ñ±ºasampayuttat±ya k±raºa½. Yo hi paresa½ dhamma½ deseti, anavajj±ni sipp±yatanakamm±yatanavijjaµµh±n±ni sikkh±pet²ti evam±dika½ paññ±sa½vattaniya½ karoti, tassa kamm³panissayavasena kusalacitta½ uppajjam±na½ ñ±ºasampayutta½ hoti. Tath± aby±pajje loke uppannassa upapatti½ niss±ya ñ±ºasampayutta½ hoti. Vuttañheta½ “tassa tattha sukhino dhammapad± plavanti, dandho, bhikkhave, satupp±do, atha kho so satto khippa½yeva visesabh±g² (a. ni. 4.191) hot²”ti. Tath± paññ±dasakapattassa indriyaparip±ka½ niss±ya kusala½ uppajjam±na½ ñ±ºasampayutta½ hoti. Yena pana kiles± vikkhambhit±, tassa kilesad³r²bh±va½ niss±ya ñ±ºasampayutta½ hoti. Vuttampi ceta½ “yog± ve j±yate bh³ri, ayog± bh³risaªkhayo”ti (dha. pa. 282). Attano v± parassa v± samuss±hajanita½ cittapayogasaªkh±ta½ saªkharaºa½ saªkh±ro, so etassa natth²ti asaªkh±ra½. Tena pana saha saªkh±rena pavattat²ti sasaªkh±ra½. ѱºena vippayutta½ virahitanti ñ±ºavippayutta½. Vippayogoti cettha ñ±ºassa abh±vo appavattiyev±ti daµµhabba½. Upekkhat²ti upekkh±, vedayam±n±pi ±rammaºa½ ajjhupekkhati majjhattat±k±rasaºµhitatt±ti attho. Atha v± upet± sukhadukkh±na½ aviruddh± ikkh± anubhavananti upekkh±. Atha v± iµµhe ca aniµµhe ca ±rammaºe pakkhap±t±bh±vena upapattito yuttito ikkhati anubhavat²ti upekkh±, t±ya sahagatanti upekkh±sahagata½. Sesa½ sabba½ heµµh± vuttanayameva.
Eva½ aµµha k±m±vacarakusalacitt±ni uddisitv± id±ni tesa½ pavatti-±k±ra½ dassetu½ “yad± h²”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha paµigg±hak±disampattinti ettha ±di-saddena desak±lakaly±ºamitt±disampatti½ saªgaºh±ti. Añña½ v± somanassahetunti ettha aññaggahaºena saddh±bahulat±, visuddhadiµµhit±, kusalakiriy±ya ±nisa½sadass±vit±, somanassapaµisandhikat±, ek±dasa p²tisambojjhaªgaµµh±niy± dhamm±ti evam±d²na½ saªgaho. ¾dinayappavattanti ettha ±di-saddena na kevala½ “atthi yiµµhan”ti-±d²na½ (ma. ni. 1.441; 2.95) navanna½yeva samm±diµµhivatth³na½ gahaºa½, atha kho dhammavicayasambojjhaªgaµµh±niy±d²nampi saªgaho veditabbo. Purakkhatv±ti pubbaªgama½ katv±. Tañca kho sahaj±tapubbaªgamavasena “manopubbaªgam± dhamm±”ti-±d²su (dha. pa. 1-2) viya sampayogassa adhippetatt±. Asa½s²dantoti silokamacchariy±divasena puññakiriy±ya½ sa½s²da½ saªkoca½ an±pajjanto, tena muttac±gat±di½ dasseti. Anuss±hitoti kenacipi na uss±hito. Sarasato hi puññapaµipattidassanamida½. Pareh²ti pana p±kaµuss±hanadassana½.
D±n±d²n²ti d±na½ s²la½ y±va diµµhijukammanti im±ni d±n±d²ni dasa puññ±ni, d±n±d²n²ti v± d±nas²labh±van±may±ni itaresampi sattanna½ etthevantogadhatt±. Yattha saya½ uppajjanti, ta½ sant±na½ punanti, pujja½ bhavaphala½ nibbattent²ti v± puññ±ni. Assa puññacetan±samaªgino. Amuttac±gat± deyyadhamme s±pekkhacittat±. ¾di-saddena s²lasam±d±n±d²su anadhimuttat±di½ saªgaºh±ti. Tadev±ti somanassasahagat±din± sadisat±ya vutta½. Sadisampi hi “tadev±”ti vohar²yati yath± “s± eva tittir², t±niyeva osadh±n²”ti. Imasmiñhi attheti l²nassa cittassa uss±hanapayogasaªkh±te atthe. Etanti “saªkh±ro”ti eta½ pada½. Pubbapayogass±ti puññakiriy±ya½ saªkoce j±yam±ne tato vivecetv± samuss±hanavasena pavattassa cittapayogassa, pubbaggahaºañcettha tath±pavattapubb±bhisaªkh±ravasena so saªkh±ro hot²ti katv± vutta½, na tassa saªkh±rassa pubbak±likatt±. “Atthi dinnan”ti-±di (ma. ni. 1.441; 2.95) nayappavatt±ya samm±diµµhiy± asambhavadassanattha½ b±la-ggahaºa½. Sa½s²danuss±han±bh±vadassanattha½ sahas±-gahaºa½. Somanassarahit± honti puñña½ karont±ti adhipp±yo. Somanassahet³na½ abh±va½ ±gamm±ti ida½ nidassanamatta½ daµµhabba½. Majjhatt±rammaºatath±r³pacetosaªkh±r±dayopi hi upekkh±sahagatat±ya k±raºa½ hontiyev±ti.