4. Puggalapaññattim±tik±

Ekakam±tikatthavaººan±

Id±ni puggalapaññattim±tik±sa½vaººan±nayo hoti. Tattha anutt±natthato t±va cha paññattiyoti ettha “±cikkhati deseti paññapeti paµµhapet²”ti (sa½. ni. 2.20) ±gataµµh±ne sandassan± pak±san± paññatti n±ma. “Supaññatta½ mañcap²µhan”ti (p±r±. 269) ±gataµµh±ne µhapan± nikkhipan± paññatti n±ma, idha ubhayampi vaµµati. Cha paññattiyoti hi cha paññ±pan± cha sandassan± pak±san±tipi, cha µhapan± nikkhipan±tipi vutta½ hoti. N±mapaññattiyeva hi te te vijjam±n±vijjam±ne dhamme sandasset²tipi. Tena tena koµµh±sena µhapet²tipi. Khandhapaññatt²ti-±di pana saªkhepato t±sa½ paññatt²na½ sar³padassana½. Tattha khandh±na½ “khandh±”ti paññ±pan± sandassan± pak±san± ca µhapan± nikkhipan± ca khandhapaññatti n±ma…pe… puggal±na½ “puggal±”ti paññ±pan± sandassan± pak±san± ca µhapan± nikkhipan± ca puggalapaññatti n±ma. Im± eva cha paññattiyo vijjanti. Aññ±sampi sammutiparamatthakath±na½ paññatt²na½ anantatt±, upalakkhaºavasena pana padh±nabh±vato ca et±va vutt±. P±¼imuttakanayena pana sabbasaªg±hik± vijjam±napaññatti-±dayo cha n±mapaññattiyo aµµhakath±su (pu. pa. aµµha. m±tik±vaººan± 1) ±gat±, t± ca heµµh± vutt±ti idha na vutt±. T±su idha puggalapaññattipadena avijjam±napaññatti, sesehi vijjam±napaññatti c±ti dve eva labbhanti.

Aµµhakath±muttakena pana ±cariyanayena apar±pi cha paññattiyo– up±d±paññatti upanidh±paññatti samodh±napaññatti upanikkhittapaññatti tajj±paññatti santatipaññatt²ti, y± “atthapaññatt²”ti vuccati. Tattha y± khandhapañcaka½ up±d±ya niss±ya sammat± satt±dik±, aªg±ni up±d±ya rath±dik±, cand±diparivatt±dayo up±d±ya k±ladis±dik±, ta½ta½bh³tanimitta½, bh±van±visesañca up±d±ya kasiº±di-uggahapaµibh±ganimitt±dik±ti aya½ evar³p± sabh±vadhammehi ekattena v± sacchikaµµhaparamatthena anupalabbhasabh±v± up±d±paññatti n±ma. Paññ±petabbaµµhena ces± paññatti vutt±, na pana paññ±panaµµhena. Y± tassa tassatthassa paññ±pan±, s± avijjam±napaññattiyeva.

Y± pana añña½ paµham±di½ upanidh±ya apekkhitv± dutiya½ rassa½ d²gha½ d³ra½ santikanti-±dik± tadaññ±pekkh³panidh±, chattap±º²ti-±dik± hatthagat³panidh±, kuº¹al²ti-±dik± sampayutt³panidh±, dhaññasakaµanti ±dik± sam±ropit³panidh±, indas±laguh±ti-±dik± avid³ragat³panidh±, suvaººavaººoti-±dik± paµibh±g³panidh±, br±hmaºag±moti-±dik± tabbahul³panidh±, maºikaµakanti-±dik± tabbisiµµh³panidh±ti evam±di anekappak±r± paññ±pan±, aya½ upanidh±paññatti n±ma.

Dhaññar±s²ti-±dik± pana samodh±napaññatti n±ma. Purimassa purimassa upanikkhipitv± dve t²º²ti-±dik± upanikkhittapaññatti n±ma. Ta½ta½sabh±vanissit± pathav²-±dik± tajj±paññatti n±ma. ¾s²tikoti-±dik± pana santatipaññatti n±ma.

Aµµhakath±muttakeneva ±cariyanayena apar±pi dhammakathik±dik± kiccapaññatti, kisath³l±dik± saºµh±napaññatti, itthipuris±dik± liªgapaññatti, k±m±vacar±dik±, kosalak±dik± ca bh³mipaññatti, tisso n±goti-±dik± paccattapaññatti, nirodh±dik± asaªkhatapaññatti c±ti cha paññattiyo.

Et±su pana dv±dasasu tajj±paññatti, ekacc± bh³mipaññatti, asaªkhatapaññatti ca vijjam±napaññattisaªkh±t± n±mapaññatti, tadaññ± paramatth±vases±, pana atthapaññatt²ti d²pit± avijjam±n±dipaññattiyo c±ti. Aya½ t±vettha anutt±natthato sa½vaººan±.

Atthanicchayo panetth±pi p±¼inayeneva saddhi½ hoti, na vin± p±¼i½ tassa vattumasakkuºeyyatt± P±¼iyañca yasm± ±dito pañca paññattiyo, tadatthabh³t± khandh±dayo ca heµµh± vibhaªgappakaraºe nippadesato kathit±ti t± idha “kitt±vat± khandh±na½ khandhapaññatti, y±vat± pañcakkhandh± r³pakkhandho”ti-±din± saªkhepeneva niddiµµh±, t± cetth±pi vuttatth±. Puggalapaññatti pana heµµh± na vutt±ti “kitt±vat± puggal±na½ puggalapaññatti? Samayavimutto, asamayavimutto”ti-±din± ekak±dibhedena y±va dasak± dasadh± m±tika½ µhapetv± vitth±reneva vibhatt±, s± ca ñ±tabbapabhedato avuccam±n± dubbiññeyy±, tasm± puggalapaññattiy± eva cettha p±¼inay±nus±rena saªkhepato atthanicchayo hoti, so cettha m±tik±ya½ vutte sabbapuggale anuddharitv± ñ±tabb±na½ dubbiññeyy±na½ puggal±na½ ekak±dibhedatova m±tika½ uddharitv± vibhajanavasena saªkhepatova hoti. Katha½? “Samayavimutto asamayavimutto, kuppadhammo akuppadhammo, cetan±bhabbo anurakkhaº±bhabbo, bhay³parato abhay³parato, bhabb±gamano abhabb±gamano, niyato aniyato, paµipannako phale µhito, samas²s² µhitakapp², sot±panno sattakkhattuparamo kola½kolo ekab²j², sakad±g±m², an±g±m² antar±parinibb±y² upahaccaparinibb±y² asaªkh±raparinibb±y² sasaªkh±raparinibb±y² uddha½soto akaniµµhag±m², arah±”ti ekakam±tik±.

Tattha yo appana½ nibbattetu½ yuttapattak±le r³p±r³pasam±pattisaªkh±tehi aµµhahi vimokkhehi paccan²kadhammato vimuccitv± t²su maggesu yena kenaci yath±saka½ ±save khepetv± vuµµhito, aya½ samayavimutto n±ma. “Ekacce ±sav± parikkh²º±”ti-±divacanato (pu. pa. 1) hi aµµhasam±pattil±bh² puthujjano v± kh²º±savo v± idha na gahito, sam±pattil±bhino pana phalaµµhasekh±va gahit±ti veditabb±. Sukkhavipassakakh²º±savo, sabbepi ca ariy± maggavimokkha½ sandh±ya asamayavimutt± n±ma. B±hir±nañhi aµµhanna½ sam±patt²na½ sam±pajjantassa pavivekaµµh±nal±bh±disamayopi atthi, vattakaraºak±l±di-asamayopi atthi. Maggavimokkhena vimuccanassa pana t±diso samayo v± asamayo v± natthi, yassa saddh± balavat², vipassan± ca ±raddh±, tassa gacchantassa v± bhuñjantassa v± maggaphalapaµivedho n±ma na hot²ti natthi, tasm± sabbe ariy± ariyavimokkhe asamayavimutt±ti veditabb±. Purimapadepi lokiyasam±pattiññeva sandh±ya sekh± samayavimutt± n±ma j±t±.

Avasibh±v± aµµhasam±pattil±bh² pana puthujjano, sot±pannasakad±g±mino dve sekh± aµµhasam±patti½ sandh±ya kuppadhammo n±ma. Parih±nadhammotipi duvidh± eva. An±g±mi-±dayo suppah²nasam±dhip±ripanthikatt± vasibh±v± sam±pattil±bh² puthujjano, ariy± ca lokuttaradhammepi sandh±ya akuppadhammo n±ma. Aparih±nadhammoti te eva. Cetan±bhabboti cetan±saªkh±tena jh±nasam±pattiva¼añjanena aparih±ni½ ±pajjitu½ bhabbo. Yo hi r³p±r³pajjh±nesu ±ciººavasit±ya cetan±saªkh±t±ya jh±nasam±pattiy± nirantara½ va¼añjam±no tehi na parih±yati, ava¼añjam±no ca parih±yati, aya½ va¼añjam±no cetan±bhabbo n±ma. Anurakkhaº±bhabboti jh±nassa upak±r±nupak±radhamme j±nitv± anurakkhaº±ya ava¼añjam±nopi aparih±ni½ ±pajjitu½ bhabbo, eso ca purimato balavataro, ±ciººavasino paññ±sampad±ya upak±r±nupak±radhamme j±nitv± tadanur³pa½ paµipajjanatoti veditabbo.

Bhay³paratoti bhayena p±pato uparato virato sekho, kaly±ºaputhujjano ca. Tesu pacchimo duggativaµµakilesa-upav±dasaªkh±tehi cat³hi bhayehi p±pato oramati, sekho duggativajjehi, ap±yehi muttatt±. Kh²º±savo pana abhay³parato n±ma samucchinnabhayatt±, upav±dato pana oramitabbo.

Abhabb±gamanoti sammattaniy±m±gamanassa abhabbo, ye ±nantariyasaªkh±tena kamm±varaºena, niyatamicch±diµµhisaªkh±tena kiles±varaºena, ahetukaduhetukapaµisandhisaªkh±tena vip±k±varaºena ca samann±gat±, buddh±d²su ca saddh±rahit±, maggabh±van±ya ca uttarakuruk±dayo viya acchandik±, pubb³panissayarahit± ca, sabbete abhabb±gaman± n±ma. Vipar²t± bhabb±gaman± n±ma. Pañc±nantariyaniyatamicch±diµµhik± nirayagamane, aµµha ariyapuggal± anup±d±parinibb±n±d²su niyat± n±ma. Avasesapuggal± anibaddhagatikat±ya aniyat± n±ma, uttarakuruk± pana sugatiniyat±pi micchattasammattaniy±masseva idh±dhippetatt± “niyat±”ti na vutt±. Maggasamaªg² puggalo maggakkhaºe phalatth±ya paµipannako n±ma, phalasamaªg² phal±nuppattiyampi phale µhito n±ma.

Yassa pana apubb±carima½ ±savapariy±d±nañca hoti j²vitapariy±d±nañca, aya½ samas²s² n±ma. So ca tividho hoti iriy±pathasamas²s² rogasamas²s² j²vitasamas²s²ti. Tattha yo cat³su iriy±pathesu ekasmi½ vipassana½ paµµhapetv± arahatta½ patv± tasmiññeva iriy±pathe parinibb±ti, aya½ iriy±pathasamas²s² n±ma. Yo pana eka½ roga½ patv± antoroge eva vipassana½ paµµhapetv± arahatta½ patv± teneva rogena parinibb±ti, aya½ rogasamas²s² n±ma. Yassa pana kilesas²sasaªkh±t± avijj±, arahattamaggena pavattas²sasaªkh±ta½ j²vitindriyañca cuticittena sama½ pariy±d±na½ gacchati, aya½ j²vitasamas²s² n±ma. Kathamida½ sama½ hot²ti? V±rasamat±ya. Yasmi½ hi v±re maggena kilese khepite paccavekkhaºañ±º±ni pavattanti, tass±nantarameva parinibb±yato im±ya v±rasamat±ya ida½ ubhayas²sapariy±d±nampi sama½ hoti n±ma, ayameva j²vitasamas²s² idh±dhippeto.

Ýhitakapp²ti µhito kappo µhitakappo, sv±ssa atth²ti µhitakapp², kappamhi vinassam±namhi kappa½ µhapetu½ samatthoti attho.

Sace hi yesa½ maggasamaªgikkhaºe kappavin±so bhaveyya, neva t±va kappo vinasseyya, y±v±ya½ yath±saka½ phala½ na sacchikarot²ti te vinassam±nampi kappa½ µhapent²ti µhitakappino n±ma j±t±ti. Kiñc±pi kappavin±sanak±le s±sana½ natthi, gatakoµike hi k±le kappavin±so hoti, eva½ santepi magg±nantaraphalassa anantar±ya½ d²petu½ ida½ abh³tampi k±raºa½ ±haµa½.

Sot±pannoti nibb±nasamuddaninnat±ya sotasaªkh±tassa maggassa paµhamasamaªg² vuccati, idha pana phalaµµho adhippeto. Tasseva ca pabhedadassanattha½ “sattakkhattuparamo”ti-±di vutta½. Sattav±r± param± assa bhav³papatt²ti sattakkhattuparamo, tato para½ aµµhama½ bhava½ n±diyat²ti attho. Sot±panno hi yo sattakkhattu½ devesu, manussesu ca paµisandhi½ gahetv± sattame bhave dukkhassanta½ karoti, aya½ sattakkhattuparamo n±ma. Kulato kula½ bhavato bhava½ gacchat²ti kola½kolo. So hi devamanussavasena dve gatiyo bhave sa½saritv± dukkhassanta½ karoti, aya½ kola½kolo n±ma. Kammapaµisandhiy± eka½ kamma½ kilesab²ja½ ass±ti ekab²j². So hi ekasmiññeva bhave kh²º±savo hoti. Ki½ panassa bhedassa niy±makanti? Vipassan±bhiññ±bhed±. Sot±pannesu hi yo vipassan±ya pamatto, so sattakkhattuparamo hoti. Yo kiñci appamatto, so kola½kolo. Yo pana vipassan±ya ativiya appamatto, so ekab²j² hoti. Ye pana abhiviya pamatt± vaµµajjh±say± an±thapiº¹ikavis±kh±sakk±dayo, te punappuna½ vaµµasmi½yeva vicarant± ±dito paµµh±ya cha devaloke os±petv± brahmalokesupi yath±kkama½ nibbattitv± akaniµµhe µhatv± parinibbanti, na te idha gahit±. Te hi manussagati½ punappuna½ ±diyanti. Ye pana manussagatiyampi bhava½ ±diyanti, tesa½ vasena sattakkhattuparamo kola½kolo m±nusikabhavanibbattako eva ekab²j² gahito. Te pana saddh±dhurena ±gat± tayo, paññ±dhurena ±gat± tayoti sot±panno chabbidho hot²ti veditabbo.

Paµisandhivasena pana saki½ ima½ manussagati½ ±gacchat²ti sakad±g±m², dutiyamaggaphalasamaªg². Imin± pañcasu sakad±g±m²su catt±ro vajjetv± ekova gahito. Ekacco hi sakad±g±miphale µhatv± puna dutiyabhave idheva parinibb±ti, ekacco idha patv± devaloke parinibb±ti, ekacco devaloke patv± dutiyabhave tattheva parinibb±ti, ekacco devaloke patv± idh³papajjitv± parinibb±ti, ime catt±ropi idha na gahit±. Yo pana idha patv± devaloke nibbattitv± puna idh³papajjitv± parinibb±ti, ayamekova idha gahito. Imassa ca dve paµisandhiyo, ekab²jissa pana ek±v±ti ida½ tesa½ n±n±karaºanti veditabba½.

Paµisandhivasena k±mabhava½ n±gacchat²ti an±g±m², tatiyamaggaphalasamaªg². Tasseva pana pabhedadassanattha½ “antar±parinibb±y²”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha antar±parinibb±y²ti ±yuvemajjhassa antar± eva arahattamagga½ upp±detv± kilesaparinibb±nena parinibb±yanas²lo eko an±g±m². So ca uppannasamanantara½ parinibb±y², ±yuvemajjha½ appatv± parinibb±y², ±yuvemajjha½ patv± parinibb±y²ti tividho hoti. Upahaccaparinibb±y²ti ±yuvemajjha½ upahacca atikkamitv±, maraºasamaya½ v± upahacca upagantv± parinibb±y², ±yuvemajjha½ atikkamitv± y±va maraºasamay± parinibb±y²ti attho. Asaªkh±raparinibb±y²ti asaªkh±rena appadukkhena adhimattappayoga½ akatv± parinibb±yanas²lo. Sasaªkh±raparinibb±y²ti sasaªkh±rena dukkhena kasirena adhimattappayogena parinibb±yanas²lo. Uddha½sototi uddha½v±hibh±vena uddhamassa taºh±sota½ vaµµasotañca, uddha½ v± gantv± paµilabhitabbato uddha½ maggasotamass±tipi uddha½soto. Akaniµµha½ gacchat²ti akaniµµhag±m². Imesa½ pana an±g±m²na½ pabhedadassanatthampettha uddha½soto akaniµµhag±m²ti-±di catukka½ veditabba½.

Tattha yo avihato paµµh±ya cat³su yath±kkama½ uppajjitv± y±vat±yuka½ µhatv± cuto akaniµµhe uppajjitv± parinibb±ti, aya½ uddha½soto akaniµµhag±m² n±ma. Yo pana akaniµµha½ appatv± antar± parinibb±ti, aya½ uddha½soto na akaniµµhag±m² n±ma. Yo manussaloko akaniµµhameva gantv± parinibb±ti, aya½ na uddha½soto akaniµµhag±m² n±ma. Yo pana heµµh± cat³su suddh±v±sesu aññatarasmi½ uppajjitv± tattheva parinibb±ti, aya½ na uddha½soto na akaniµµhag±m² n±ma Evamete an±g±mino aµµhacatt±l²savidh± honti. Katha½? Avihesu t±va tayo antar±parinibb±yino, eko upahaccaparinibb±y², eko uddha½sototi pañca, te asaªkh±raparinibb±yisasaªkh±raparinibb±yivasena dasa honti, eva½ atappasudassasudass²s³ti catt±l²sa½, akaniµµhe pana uddha½soto natthi, tasm± tattha ta½ sasaªkh±r±saªkh±ravasena duvidha½ uddha½sota½ vajjetv± aµµha c±ti aµµhacatt±l²sa honti.

Arah±ti kiles±r²na½ hatatt±din± kh²º±savo arah± n±ma. So suññat±divimokkhattayavasena tividho hutv± puna pacceka½ paµipad±catukkavasena dv±dasavidh± honti. Yath± ca arah± dv±dasavidho, eva½ dv±daseva sakad±g±mino, catuv²sati sot±pann± aµµhacatt±l²sa an±g±minova paccekanti veditabba½. Ime ca sabbe ariy± imasmi½ s±sane eva uppajjanti, no bahiddh±ti. Ekakanayo.