5. Viññ±ºakkhandhaniddeso

26. Viññ±ºakkhandhaniddese ya½ kiñci viññ±ºanti catubh³makaviññ±ºa½ pariy±diyati. Cakkhuviññ±ºanti-±d²ni at²t±divasena niddiµµhaviññ±ºa½ sabh±vato dassetu½ vutt±ni. Tattha cakkhuviññ±º±d²ni pañca cakkhupas±d±divatthuk±neva, manoviññ±ºa½ hadayavatthukampi avatthukampi. Sabba½ catubh³makaviññ±ºa½. Sesa½ vedan±kkhandhasadisamev±ti.

Aya½ viññ±ºakkhandhaniddeso.

Pakiººakakath±

Id±ni pañcasupi khandhesu samuggamato, pubb±parato, addh±naparicchedato, ekupp±dan±n±nirodhato, n±nupp±da-ekanirodhato, ekupp±da-ekanirodhato, n±nupp±dan±n±nirodhato, at²t±n±gatapaccuppannato, ajjhattikab±hirato, o¼±rikasukhumato, h²napaº²tato, d³rasantikato, paccayato, samuµµh±nato, parinipphannato, saªkhatatoti so¼asah±k±rehi pakiººaka½ veditabba½.

Tattha duvidho samuggamo– gabbhaseyyakasamuggamo, opap±tikasamuggamoti. Tattha gabbhaseyyakasamuggamo eva½ veditabbo– gabbhaseyyakasatt±nañhi paµisandhikkhaºe pañcakkhandh± apacch±-apure ekato p±tubhavanti. Tasmi½ khaºe p±tubh³t± kalalasaªkh±t± r³pasantati paritt± hoti. Khuddakamakkhik±ya ekav±y±mena p±tabbamatt±ti vatv± puna ‘atibahu½ eta½, saºhas³ciy± tele pakkhipitv± ukkhitt±ya paggharitv± agge µhitabindumattan’ti vutta½. Tampi paµikkhipitv± ‘ekakese telato uddharitv± gahite tassa paggharitv± agge µhitabindumattan’ti vutta½. Tampi paµikkhipitv± ‘imasmi½ janapade manuss±na½ kese aµµhadh± ph±lite tato ekakoµµh±sappam±ºo uttarakuruk±na½ keso; tassa pasannatilatelato uddhaµassa agge µhitabindumattan’ti vutta½. Tampi paµikkhipitv± ‘eta½ bahu, j±ti-uºº± n±ma sukhum±; tass± eka-a½suno pasannatilatele pakkhipitv± uddhaµassa paggharitv± agge µhitabindumattan’ti vutta½. Ta½ paneta½ accha½ hoti vippasanna½ an±vila½ parisuddha½ pasannatilatelabindusam±navaººa½ Vuttampi ceta½–

Tilatelassa yath± bindu, sappimaº¹o an±vilo;
eva½ vaººapaµibh±ga½, kalalanti pavuccat²ti.

Eva½ paritt±ya r³pasantatiy± t²ºi santatis²s±ni honti– vatthudasaka½, k±yadasaka½, itthiy± itthindriyavasena purisassa purisindriyavasena bh±vadasakanti. Tattha vatthur³pa½, tassa nissay±ni catt±ri mah±bh³t±ni, ta½nissit± vaººagandharasoj±, j²vitanti– ida½ vatthudasaka½ n±ma. K±yapas±do, tassa nissay±ni catt±ri mah±bh³t±ni, tannissit± vaººagandharasoj±, j²vitanti– ida½ k±yadasaka½ n±ma. Itthiy± itthibh±vo, purisassa purisabh±vo, tassa nissay±ni catt±ri mah±bh³t±ni, tannissit± vaººagandharasoj±, j²vitanti– ida½ bh±vadasaka½ n±ma.

Eva½ gabbhaseyyak±na½ paµisandhiya½ ukkaµµhaparicchedena samati½sa kammajar³p±ni r³pakkhandho n±ma hoti. Paµisandhicittena pana sahaj±t± vedan± vedan±kkhandho, saññ± saññ±kkhandho, saªkh±r± saªkh±rakkhandho, paµisandhicitta½ viññ±ºakkhandhoti. Eva½ gabbhaseyyak±na½ paµisandhikkhaºe pañcakkhandh± paripuºº± honti. Sace pana napu½sakapaµisandhi hoti, bh±vadasaka½ h±yati. Dvinna½ dasak±na½ vasena samav²sati kammajar³p±ni r³pakkhandho n±ma hoti. Vedan±kkhandh±dayo vuttappak±r± ev±ti. Evampi gabbhaseyyak±na½ paµisandhikkhaºe pañcakkhandh± paripuºº± honti.

Imasmi½ µh±ne tisamuµµh±nikappaveº² kathetabb± bhaveyya. Ta½ pana akathetv± ‘opap±tikasamuggamo’ n±ma dassito. Opap±tik±nañhi paripuºº±yatan±na½ paµisandhikkhaºe heµµh± vutt±ni t²ºi, cakkhusotagh±najivh±dasak±ni c±ti satta r³pasantatis²s±ni p±tubhavanti. Tattha cakkhudasak±d²ni k±yadasakasadis±neva. Napu½sakassa pana bh±vadasaka½ natthi. Eva½ paripuºº±yatan±na½ opap±tik±na½ samasattati ceva samasaµµhi ca kammajar³p±ni r³pakkhandho n±ma. Vedan±kkhandh±dayo vuttappak±r± ev±ti. Eva½ opap±tik±na½ paµisandhikkhaºe pañcakkhandh± paripuºº± honti. Aya½ ‘opap±tikasamuggamo’ n±ma. Eva½ t±va pañcakkhandh± ‘samuggamato’ veditabb±.

‘Pubb±parato’ti eva½ pana gabbhaseyyak±na½ apacch±-apure uppannesu pañcasu khandhesu ki½ r³pa½ paµhama½ r³pa½ samuµµh±peti ud±hu ar³panti? R³pa½ r³pameva samuµµh±peti, na ar³pa½. Kasm±? Paµisandhicittassa na r³pajanakatt±. Sabbasatt±nañhi paµisandhicitta½, kh²º±savassa cuticitta½, dvipañcaviññ±º±ni, catt±ri ar³ppavip±k±n²ti so¼asa citt±ni r³pa½ na samuµµh±penti. Tattha paµisandhicitta½ t±va vatthuno dubbalat±ya appatiµµhitat±ya paccayavekallat±ya ±gantukat±ya ca r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti. Tattha hi sahaj±ta½ vatthu upp±dakkhaºe dubbala½ hot²ti vatthuno dubbalat±ya r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti. Yath± ca pap±te patanto puriso aññassa nissayo bhavitu½ na sakkoti, eva½ etampi kammavegakkhittatt± pap±te patam±na½ viya appatiµµhita½. Iti kammavegakkhittatt±, appatiµµhitat±yapi r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti.

Paµisandhicittañca vatthun± saddhi½ apacch±-apure uppanna½. Tassa vatthu purej±ta½ hutv± paccayo bhavitu½ na sakkoti. Sace sakkuºeyya, r³pa½ samuµµh±peyya. Yatr±pi vatthu purej±ta½ hutv± paccayo bhavitu½ sakkoti, paveº² ghaµiyati, tatr±pi citta½ aªgato aparih²na½yeva r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Yadi hi citta½ µh±nakkhaºe v± bhaªgakkhaºe v± r³pa½ samuµµh±peyya, paµisandhicittampi r³pa½ samuµµh±peyya. Na pana citta½ tasmi½ khaºadvaye r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Yath± pana ahicchattakamakula½ pathavito uµµhahanta½ pa½sucuººa½ gahetv±va uµµhahati, eva½ citta½ purej±ta½ vatthu½ niss±ya upp±dakkhaºe aµµha r³p±ni gahetv±va uµµhahati. Paµisandhikkhaºe ca vatthu purej±ta½ hutv± paccayo bhavitu½ na sakkot²ti paccayavekallat±yapi paµisandhicitta½ r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti.

Yath± ca ±gantukapuriso agatapubba½ padesa½ gato aññesa½ ‘etha bho, antog±me vo annap±nagandham±l±d²ni dass±m²’ti vattu½ na sakkoti, attano avisayat±ya appahutat±ya, evameva paµisandhicitta½ ±gantukanti attano ±gantukat±yapi r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti. Apica samati½sa kammajar³p±ni cittasamuµµh±nar³p±na½ µh±na½ gahetv± µhit±n²tipi paµisandhicitta½ r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti.

Kh²º±savassa pana cuticitta½ vaµµam³lassa v³pasantatt± na samuµµh±peti. Tassa hi sabbabhavesu vaµµam³la½ v³pasanta½ abhabbuppattika½ punabbhave paveº² n±ma natthi. Sot±pannassa pana satta bhave µhapetv± aµµhameva vaµµam³la½ v³pasanta½. Tasm± tassa cuticitta½ sattasu bhavesu r³pa½ samuµµh±peti sakad±g±mino dv²su, an±g±mino ekasmi½. Kh²º±savassa sabbabhavesu vaµµam³lassa v³pasantatt± neva samuµµh±peti.

Dvipañcaviññ±ºesu pana jh±naªga½ natthi, maggaªga½ natthi, hetu natth²ti cittaªga½ dubbala½ hot²ti cittaªgadubbalat±ya t±ni r³pa½ na samuµµh±penti. Catt±ri ar³pavip±k±ni tasmi½ bhave r³passa natthit±ya r³pa½ na samuµµh±penti. Na kevalañca t±neva, y±ni aññ±nipi tasmi½ bhave aµµha k±m±vacarakusal±ni, dasa akusal±ni, nava kiriyacitt±ni, catt±ri ±ruppakusal±ni, catasso ±ruppakiriy±, t²ºi maggacitt±ni, catt±ri phalacitt±n²ti dvecatt±l²sa citt±ni uppajjanti, t±nipi tattha r³passa natthit±ya eva r³pa½ na samuµµh±penti. Eva½ paµisandhicitta½ r³pa½ na samuµµh±peti.

Utu pana paµhama½ r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Ko esa utu n±m±ti? Paµisandhikkhaºe uppann±na½ samati½sakammajar³p±na½ abbhantar± tejodh±tu. S± µh±na½ patv± aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti. Utu n±ma cesa dandhanirodho; citta½ khippanirodha½. Tasmi½ dharanteyeva so¼asa citt±ni uppajjitv± nirujjhanti. Tesu paµisandhi-anantara½ paµhamabhavaªgacitta½ upp±dakkhaºeyeva aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti. Yad± pana saddassa uppattik±lo bhavissati, tad± utucitt±ni saddanavaka½ n±ma samuµµh±pessanti. Kaba¼²k±r±h±ropi µh±na½ patv± aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti. Kuto panassa kaba¼²k±r±h±roti? M±tito. Vuttampi ceta½–

“Yañcassa bhuñjat² m±t±, anna½ p±nañca bhojana½;
tena so tattha y±peti, m±tukucchigato naro”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.235).

Eva½ kucchigato d±rako m±tar± ajjhohaµa-annap±na-oj±ya y±peti. S±va µh±nappatt± aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti. Nanu ca s± oj± khar±? Vatthu sukhuma½? Katha½ tattha patiµµh±t²ti? Paµhama½ t±va na patiµµh±ti; ekassa v± dvinna½ v± satt±h±na½ gatak±le patiµµh±ti. Tato pana pure v± patiµµh±tu pacch± v±; yad± m±tar± ajjhohaµa-annap±na-oj± d±rakassa sar²re patiµµh±ti, tad± aµµha r³p±ni samuµµh±peti.

Opap±tikass±pi pakatipaµiyatt±na½ kh±dan²yabhojan²y±na½ atthiµµh±ne nibbattassa t±ni gahetv± ajjhoharato µh±nappatt± oj± r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Eko annap±narahite araññe nibbattati, mah±ch±tako hoti, attanova jivh±ya khe¼a½ parivattetv± gilati. Tatr±pissa µh±nappatt± oj± r³pa½ samuµµh±peti.

Eva½ pañcav²satiy± koµµh±sesu dveva r³p±ni r³pa½ samuµµh±penti– tejodh±tu ca kaba¼²k±r±h±ro ca. Ar³pepi dveyeva dhamm± r³pa½ samuµµh±penti– cittañceva kammacetan± ca. Tattha r³pa½ upp±dakkhaºe ca bhaªgakkhaºe ca dubbala½, µh±nakkhaºe balavanti µh±nakkhaºe r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Citta½ µh±nakkhaºe ca bhaªgakkhaºe ca dubbala½, upp±dakkhaºeyeva balavanti upp±dakkhaºeyeva r³pa½ samuµµh±peti. Kammacetan± niruddh±va paccayo hoti. At²te kappakoµisatasahassamatthakepi hi ±y³hita½ kamma½ etarahi paccayo hoti. Etarahi ±y³hita½ an±gate kappakoµisatasahassapariyos±nepi paccayo hot²ti. Eva½ ‘pubb±parato’ veditabb±.

‘Addh±naparicchedato’ti r³pa½ kittaka½ addh±na½ tiµµhati? Ar³pa½ kittakanti? R³pa½ garupariº±ma½ dandhanirodha½. Ar³pa½ lahupariº±ma½ khippanirodha½. R³pe dharanteyeva so¼asa citt±ni uppajjitv± nirujjhanti. Ta½ pana sattarasamena cittena saddhi½ nirujjhati. Yath± hi puriso ‘phala½ p±tess±m²’ti muggarena rukkhas±kha½ pahareyya, phal±ni ca patt±ni ca ekakkhaºeyeva vaºµato mucceyyu½. Tattha phal±ni attano bh±rikat±ya paµhamatara½ pathaviya½ patanti, patt±ni lahukat±ya pacch±. Evameva muggarappah±rena patt±nañca phal±nañca ekakkhaºe vaºµato muttak±lo viya paµisandhikkhaºe r³p±r³padhamm±na½ ekakkhaºe p±tubh±vo; phal±na½ bh±rikat±ya paµhamatara½ pathaviya½ patana½ viya r³pe dharanteyeva so¼asanna½ citt±na½ uppajjitv± nirujjhana½; patt±na½ lahukat±ya pacch± pathaviya½ patana½ viya r³passa sattarasamena cittena saha nirujjhana½.

Tattha kiñc±pi r³pa½ dandhanirodha½ garupariº±ma½, citta½ khippanirodha½ lahupariº±ma½, r³pa½ pana ar³pa½ ar³pa½ v± r³pa½ oh±ya pavattitu½ na sakkonti. Dvinnampi ekappam±º±va pavatti. Tatr±ya½ upam±– eko puriso lakuºµakap±do, eko d²ghap±do. Tesu ekato magga½ gacchantesu y±va d²ghap±do ekapadav±ra½ akkamati, t±va itaro pade pada½ akkamitv± so¼asapadav±rena gacchati. D²ghap±do lakuºµakap±dassa so¼asa padav±re attano p±da½ añchitv± ±ka¹¹hitv± ekameva padav±ra½ karoti. Iti ekopi eka½ atikkamitu½ na sakkoti. Dvinnampi gamana½ ekappam±ºameva hoti. Eva½sampadamida½ daµµhabba½. Lakuºµakap±dapuriso viya ar³pa½; d²ghap±dapuriso viya r³pa½; d²ghap±dassa eka½ padav±ra½ akkamaºak±le itarassa so¼asapadav±ra-akkamana½ viya r³pe dharanteyeva ar³padhammesu so¼asanna½ citt±na½ uppajjitv± nirujjhana½; dvinna½ puris±na½ lakuºµakap±dapurisassa so¼asa padav±re itarassa attano p±da½ añchitv± ±ka¹¹hitv± ekapadav±rakaraºa½ viya r³passa sattarasamena cittena saddhi½ nirujjhana½; dvinna½ puris±na½ aññamañña½ anoh±ya ekappam±ºeneva gamana½ viya ar³passa r³pa½ r³passa ar³pa½ anoh±ya ekappam±ºeneva pavattananti. Eva½ ‘addh±naparicchedato’ veditabb±.

‘Ekupp±dan±n±nirodhato’ti ida½ pacchimakammaja½ µhapetv± d²petabba½. Paµhamañhi paµisandhicitta½, dutiya½ bhavaªga½, tatiya½ bhavaªga½…pe… so¼asama½ bhavaªga½. Tesu ekekassa upp±daµµhitibhaªgavasena tayo tayo khaº±. Tattha ekekassa cittassa t²su t²su khaºesu samati½sa samati½sa kammajar³p±ni uppajjanti. Tesu paµisandhicittassa upp±dakkhaºe samuµµhita½ kammajar³pa½ sattarasamassa bhavaªgacittassa upp±dakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati; µhitikkhaºe samuµµhita½ µhitikkhaºeyeva; bhaªgakkhaºe samuµµhita½ bhaªgakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati. Eva½ dutiyabhavaªgacitta½ ±di½ katv± attano attano sattarasamena cittena saddhi½ yojetv± nayo netabbo. Iti so¼asa tik± aµµhacatt±l²sa honti. Aya½ aµµhacatt±l²sakammajar³papaveº² n±ma. S± panes± rattiñca div± ca kh±dant±nampi bhuñjant±nampi sutt±nampi pamatt±nampi nad²soto viya ekanta½ pavattati yev±ti. Eva½ ‘ekupp±dan±n±nirodhato’ veditabb±.

‘N±nupp±da-ekanirodhat±’ pacchimakammajena d²petabb±. Tattha ±yusa½kh±rapariyos±ne so¼asanna½ citt±na½ v±re sati heµµh±so¼asaka½ upariso¼asakanti dve ekato yojetabb±ni. Heµµh±so¼asakasmiñhi paµhamacittassa upp±dakkhaºe samuµµhita½ samati½sakammajar³pa½ upariso¼asakasmi½ paµhamacittassa upp±dakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati; µhitikkhaºe samuµµhita½ tassa µhitikkhaºeyeva bhaªgakkhaºe samuµµhita½ tassa bhaªgakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati. Heµµhimaso¼asakasmi½ pana dutiyacittassa…pe… so¼asamacittassa upp±dakkhaºe samuµµhita½ samati½sakammajar³pa½ cuticittassa upp±dakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati; tassa µhitikkhaºe samuµµhita½ cuticittassa µhitikkhaºeyeva; bhaªgakkhaºe samuµµhita½ cuticittassa bhaªgakkhaºeyeva nirujjhati. Tato paµµh±ya kammajar³papaveº² na pavattati. Yadi pavatteyya, satt± akkhay± avay± ajar± amar± n±ma bhaveyyu½.

Ettha pana yadeta½ ‘sattarasamassa bhavaªgacittassa upp±dakkhaºeyeva nirujjhat²’ti-±din± nayena ‘ekassa cittassa upp±dakkhaºe uppanna½ r³pa½ aññassa upp±dakkhaºe nirujjhat²’ti aµµhakath±ya½ ±gatatt± vutta½, ta½ “yassa k±yasaªkh±ro nirujjhati, tassa cittasaªkh±ro nirujjhat²”ti? “¾mant±”ti (yama. 2.saªkh±rayamaka.79) im±ya p±¼iy± virujjhati. Katha½? K±yasaªkh±ro hi cittasamuµµh±no ass±sapass±sav±to. Cittasamuµµh±nar³pañca cittassa upp±dakkhaºe uppajjitv± y±va aññ±ni so¼asa citt±ni uppajjanti t±va tiµµhati. Tesa½ so¼asanna½ sabbapacchimena saddhi½ nirujjhati. Iti yena cittena saddhi½ uppajjati, tato paµµh±ya sattarasamena saddhi½ nirujjhati; na kassaci cittassa upp±dakkhaºe v± µhitikkhaºe v± nirujjhati, n±pi µhitikkhaºe v± bhaªgakkhaºe v± uppajjati. Es± cittasamuµµh±nar³passa dhammat±ti niyamato cittasaªkh±rena saddhi½ ekakkhaºe nirujjhanato “±mant±”ti vutta½.

Yo c±ya½ cittasamuµµh±nassa khaºaniyamo vutto kamm±disamuµµh±nass±pi ayameva khaºaniyamo. Tasm± paµisandhicittena sahuppanna½ kammajar³pa½ tato paµµh±ya sattarasamena saddhi½ nirujjhati. Paµisandhicittassa µhitikkhaºe uppanna½ aµµh±rasamassa upp±dakkhaºe nirujjhati. Paµisandhicittassa bhaªgakkhaºe uppanna½ aµµh±rasamassa µh±nakkhaºe nirujjhat²ti imin± nayenettha yojan± k±tabb±. Tato para½ pana utusamuµµh±nikapaveº²yeva tiµµhati. ‘N²haritv± jh±peth±’ti vattabba½ hoti. Eva½ ‘n±nupp±da-ekanirodhato’ veditabb±.

‘Ekupp±da-ekanirodhato’ti r³pa½ pana r³pena saha ekupp±da½ ekanirodha½. Ar³pa½ ar³pena saha ekupp±da½ ekanirodha½. Eva½ ‘ekupp±da-ekanirodhato’ veditabb±.

‘N±nupp±dan±n±nirodhat±’ pana catusantatir³pena d²petabb±. Imassa hi uddha½ p±datal± adho kesamatthak± tacapariyantassa sar²rassa tattha tattha catusantatir³pa½ ghanapuñjabh±vena vattati. Eva½ vattam±nass±pissa na ekupp±d±dit± sallakkhetabb±. Yath± pana upacikar±ji v± kipillikar±ji v± olokiyam±n± ek±baddh± viya hoti, na pana ek±baddh±. Aññiss± hi s²sasantike aññiss± s²sampi udarampi p±d±pi, aññiss± udarasantike aññiss± s²sampi udarampi p±d±pi, aññiss± p±dasantike aññiss± s²sampi udarampi p±d±pi honti. Evameva catusantatir³p±nampi aññassa upp±dakkhaºe aññassa upp±dopi hoti µhitipi bhaªgopi, aññassa µhitikkhaºe aññassa upp±dopi hoti µhitipi bhaªgopi, aññassa bhaªgakkhaºe aññassa upp±dopi hoti µhitipi bhaªgopi. Evamettha ‘n±nupp±dan±n±nirodhat±’ veditabb±.

‘At²t±d²ni’ pana d³radukapariyos±n±ni p±¼iya½ ±gat±neva. ‘Paccayasamuµµh±n±ni’pi “kammaja½, kammapaccaya½, kammapaccaya-utusamuµµh±nan”ti-±din± (dha. sa. aµµha. 975) nayena heµµh± kathit±niyeva. Pañcapi pana khandh± parinipphann±va honti, no aparinipphann±; saªkhat±va no asaªkhat±; apica nipphann±pi hontiyeva. Sabh±vadhammesu hi nibb±nameveka½ aparinipphanna½ anipphannañca. Nirodhasam±patti pana n±mapaññatti ca kathanti? Nirodhasam±patti lokiyalokuttar±ti v± saªkhat±saªkhat±ti v± parinipphann±parinipphann±ti v± na vattabb±. Nipphann± pana hoti sam±pajjantena sam±pajjitabbato. Tath± n±mapaññatti. S±pi hi lokiy±dibheda½ na labhati; nipphann± pana hoti no anipphann±; n±maggahaºañhi gaºhantova gaºh±t²ti.