(10.) Dasakaniddesavaººan±
Paµhamabalaniddeso
809. Dasavidhena ñ±ºavatthuniddese aµµh±nanti hetupaµikkhepo. Anavak±soti paccayapaµikkhepo. Ubhayen±pi k±raºameva paµikkhipati. K±raºañhi tad±yattavuttit±ya attano phalassa µh±nanti ca avak±soti ca vuccati. Yanti yena k±raºena. Diµµhisampannoti maggadiµµhiy± sampanno sot±panno ariyas±vako. Kañci saªkh±ranti catubh³makesu saªkhatasaªkh±resu kañci eka½ saªkh±rampi. Niccato upagaccheyy±ti niccoti gaºheyya. Neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²ti eta½ k±raºa½ natthi, na upalabbhati. Ya½ puthujjanoti yena k±raºena puthujjano. Ýh±nameta½ vijjat²ti eta½ k±raºa½ atthi; sassatadiµµhiy± hi so tebh³makesu saªkh±resu kañci saªkh±ra½ niccato gaºheyy±ti attho. Catutthabh³makasaªkh±ro pana tejussadatt± divasa½ santatto ayogu¼o viya makkhik±na½ diµµhiy± v± aññesa½ v± akusal±na½ ±rammaºa½ na hoti. Imin± nayena kañci saªkh±ra½ sukhatoti-±d²supi attho veditabbo. Sukhato upagaccheyy±ti “ekantasukh² att± hoti arogo parammaraº±”ti (ma. ni. 3.21) eva½ attadiµµhivasena sukhato g±ha½ sandh±yeta½ vutta½. Diµµhivippayuttacittena pana ariyas±vako pari¼±h±bhibh³to pari¼±hav³pasamattha½, mattahatth²parit±sito viya, sucik±mo pokkhabr±hmaºo g³tha½ kañci saªkh±ra½ sukhato upagacchati. Attav±de kasiº±dipaººattisaªgahattha½ saªkh±ranti avatv± kañci dhammanti vutta½. Idh±pi ariyas±vakassa catubh³makavasena paricchedo veditabbo, puthujjanassa tebh³makavasena; sabbav±resu v± ariyas±vakass±pi tebh³makavaseneva paricchedo vaµµati. Ya½ yañhi puthujjano gaºh±ti, tato tato ariyas±vako g±ha½ viniveµheti. Puthujjano hi ya½ ya½ nicca½ sukha½ att±ti gaºh±ti, ta½ ta½ ariyas±vako anicca½ dukkha½ anatt±ti gaºhanto g±ha½ viniveµheti. M±taranti-±d²su janik±va m±t±. Manussabh³tova kh²º±savo arah±ti adhippeto. Ki½ pana ariyas±vako añña½ j²vit± voropeyy±ti? Etampi aµµh±na½. Sacepi bhavantaragata½ ariyas±vaka½ attano ariyas±vakabh±va½ aj±nantampi koci eva½ vadeyya– ‘ima½ kunthakipillika½ j²vit± voropetv± sakalacakkav±¼agabbhe cakkavattirajja½ paµipajj±h²’ti, neva so ta½ j²vit± voropeyya. Atha v±pi na½ eva½ vadeyyu½– ‘sace ima½ na gh±tessasi, s²sa½ te chindiss±m±’ti, s²samevassa chindeyyu½, neva so ta½ gh±teyya. Puthujjanabh±vassa pana mah±s±vajjabh±vadassanattha½ ariyas±vakassa ca balad²panatthameta½ vutta½. Ayañhettha adhipp±yo– s±vajjo puthujjanabh±vo, yatra hi n±ma puthujjano m±tugh±t±d²nipi ±nantariy±ni karissati. Mah±balo ariyas±vako; so et±ni kamm±ni na karot²ti. Paduµµhena citten±ti dosasampayuttena vadhakacittena. Lohita½ upp±deyy±ti j²vam±nakasar²re khuddakamakkhik±ya pivanamattampi lohita½ upp±deyya. Saªgha½ bhindeyy±ti sam±nasa½v±saka½ sam±nas²m±ya½ µhita½ pañcahi k±raºehi saªgha½ bhindeyya, vuttañheta½– “pañcahup±li, ±k±rehi saªgho bhijjati– kammena, uddesena, voharanto, anuss±vanena, sal±kagg±hen±”ti (pari. 458). Tattha ‘kammen±’ti apalokan±d²su cat³su kammesu aññatarena kammena. ‘Uddesen±’ti pañcasu p±timokkhuddesesu aññatarena uddesena. ‘Voharanto’ti kathayanto, t±hi t±hi uppatt²hi ‘adhamma½ dhammo’ti-±d²ni aµµh±rasa bhedakaravatth³ni d²pento. ‘Anuss±vanen±’ti ‘nanu tumhe j±n±tha mayha½ ucc±kul± pabbajitabh±va½ bahussutabh±vañca! M±diso n±ma uddhamma½ ubbinaya½ satthus±sana½ g±heyy±ti cittampi upp±detu½ tumh±ka½ na yutta½. Ki½ mayha½ av²ci n²luppalavana½ viya s²talo? Kimaha½ ap±yato na bh±y±m²’ti-±din± nayena kaººam³le vac²bheda½ katv± anuss±vanena ‘Sal±kagg±hen±’ti eva½ anuss±vetv± tesa½ citta½ upatthambhetv± anivattanadhamme katv± “gaºhatha ima½ sal±kan”ti sal±kagg±hena. Ettha ca kammameva uddeso v± pam±ºa½ voh±r±nuss±vanasal±kagg±h± pana pubbabh±g±. Aµµh±rasavatthud²panavasena hi voharantena tattha rucijananattha½ anuss±vetv± sal±k±ya g±hit±yapi abhinnova hoti saªgho. Yad± pana eva½ catt±ro v± atirek± v± sal±ka½ g±hetv± ±veºika½ kamma½ v± uddesa½ v± karonti, tad± saªgho bhinno n±ma hoti. Eva½ diµµhisampanno puggalo saªgha½ bhindeyy±ti neta½ µh±na½ vijjati. Ett±vat± m±tugh±t±d²ni pañca ±nantariyakamm±ni dassit±ni honti, y±ni puthujjano karoti, na ariyas±vako. Tesa½ ±vibh±vattha½–
Kammato dv±rato ceva, kappaµµhitiyato tath±;
p±kas±dh±raº±d²hi, viññ±tabbo vinicchayo.
Tattha ‘kammato’ t±va– ettha hi manussabh³tasseva manussabh³ta½ m±tara½ v± pitara½ v± api parivattaliªga½ j²vit± voropentassa kamma½ ±nantariya½ hoti. Tassa vip±ka½ paµib±hiss±m²’ti sakalacakkav±¼a½ mah±cetiyappam±ºehi kañcanath³pehi p³retv±pi, sakalacakkav±¼a½ p³retv± nisinnabhikkhusaªghassa mah±d±na½ datv±pi, buddhassa bhagavato saªgh±µikaººa½ amuñcitv±va vicaritv±pi, k±yassa bhed± nirayameva upapajjati. Yo pana saya½ manussabh³to tiracch±nabh³ta½ m±tara½ v± pitara½ v±, saya½ v± tiracch±nabh³to manussabh³ta½, tiracch±nabh³toyeva v± tiracch±nabh³ta½ j²vit± voropeti, tassa kamma½ ±nantariya½ na hoti, kamma½ pana bh±riya½ hoti, ±nantariya½ ±hacceva tiµµhati. Manussaj±tik±na½ pana vasena aya½ pañho kathito. Ettha e¼akacatukka½, saªg±macatukka½, coracatukkañca kathetabba½. ‘E¼aka½ m±rem²’ti abhisandhin±pi hi e¼akaµµh±ne µhita½ manusso manussabh³ta½ m±tara½ v± pitara½ v± m±rento ±nantariya½ phusati. E¼ak±bhisandhin± pana m±t±piti-abhisandhin± v± e¼aka½ m±rento ±nantariya½ na phusati. M±t±piti-abhisandhin± m±t±pitaro m±rento phusateva. Esa nayo itarasmimpi catukkadvaye. Yath± ca m±t±pit³su, eva½ arahantepi et±ni catukk±ni veditabb±ni. Manussa-arahantameva ca m±retv± ±nantariya½ phusati, na yakkhabh³ta½; kamma½ pana bh±riya½ ±nantariyasadisameva. Manussa-arahantassa ca puthujjanak±leyeva satthappah±re v± vise v± dinnepi yadi so arahatta½ patv± teneva marati, arahantagh±to hotiyeva. Ya½ pana puthujjanak±le dinna½ d±na½ arahatta½ patv± paribhuñjati, puthujjanasseva ta½ dinna½ hoti. Sesa-ariyapuggale m±rentassa ±nantariya½ natthi, kamma½ pana bh±riya½ ±nantariyasadisameva. Lohitupp±de tath±gatassa abhejjak±yat±ya par³pakkamena cammaccheda½ katv± lohitapaggharaºa½ n±ma natthi. Sar²rassa pana antoyeva ekasmi½ µh±ne lohita½ samosarati. Devadattena paµividdhasil±to bhijjitv± gat± sakalik±pi tath±gatassa p±danta½ pahari. Pharasun± pahaµo viya p±do antolohitoyeva ahosi. Tath± karontassa ±nantariya½ hoti. J²vako pana tath±gatassa ruciy± satthakena camma½ chinditv± tamh± µh±n± duµµhalohita½ n²haritv± ph±sukamak±si. Tath± karontassa puññakammameva hoti. Atha ye ca parinibbute tath±gate cetiya½ bhindanti, bodhi½ chindanti, dh±tumhi upakkamanti, tesa½ ki½ hot²ti? Bh±riya½ kamma½ hoti ±nantariyasadisa½. Sadh±tuka½ pana th³pa½ v± paµima½ v± b±dhayam±na½ bodhis±khañca chinditu½ vaµµati. Sacepi tattha nil²n± sakuº± cetiye vacca½ p±tenti, chinditu½ vaµµatiyeva. Paribhogacetiyato hi sar²racetiya½ mahantatara½. Cetiyavatthu½ bhinditv± gacchanta½ bodhim³lampi chinditv± haritu½ vaµµati. Y± pana bodhis±kh± bodhighara½ b±dhati, ta½ geharakkhaºattha½ chinditu½ na labbhati. Bodhi-atthañhi geha½, na gehatth±ya bodhi. ¾sanagharepi eseva nayo. Yasmi½ pana ±sanaghare dh±tu nihit± hoti, tassa rakkhaºatth±ya bodhis±kha½ chinditu½ vaµµati. Bodhijagganattha½ ojoharaºas±kha½ v± p³tiµµh±na½ v± chinditu½ vaµµatiyeva; sar²rapaµijaggane viya puññampi hoti. Saªghabhede s²maµµhakasaªghe asannipatite visu½ parisa½ gahetv± katavoh±r±nuss±vanasal±kagg±hassa kamma½ v± karontassa uddesa½ v± uddisantassa bhedo ca hoti ±nantariyakammañca. Samaggasaññ±ya pana vaµµati. Samaggasaññ±ya hi karontassa neva bhedo hoti na ±nantariyakamma½. Tath± navato ³naparis±ya½. Sabbantimena pana paricchedena navanna½ jan±na½ yo saªgha½ bhindati, tassa ±nantariyakamma½ hoti. Anuvattak±na½ adhammav±d²na½ mah±s±vajja½ kamma½; dhammav±dino anavajj±. Tattha navannameva saªghabhede ida½ sutta½– “ekato, up±li, catt±ro honti, ekato catt±ro, navamo anuss±veti sal±ka½ g±heti– ‘aya½ dhammo, aya½ vinayo, ida½ satthus±sana½, ida½ gaºhatha, ida½ roceth±’ti. Eva½ kho, up±li, saªghar±ji ceva hoti saªghabhedo ca. Navanna½ v±, up±li, atirekanavanna½ v± saªghar±ji ceva hoti saªghabhedo c±”ti (c³¼ava. 351). Etesu ca pana pañcasu saªghabhedo vac²kamma½, ses±ni k±yakamm±n²ti. Eva½ kammatopi viññ±tabbo vinicchayo. ‘Dv±rato’ti sabb±neva cet±ni k±yadv±ratopi vac²dv±ratopi samuµµhahanti. Purim±ni panettha catt±ri ±ºattikavijj±mayapayogavasena vac²dv±rato samuµµhahitv±pi k±yadv±rameva p³renti. Saªghabhedo hatthamudd±ya bheda½ karontassa k±yadv±rato samuµµhahitv±pi vac²dv±rameva p³ret²ti. Evamettha dv±ratopi viññ±tabbo vinicchayo. ‘Kappaµµhitiyato’ti saªghabhedoyeva cettha kappaµµhitiyo. Saºµhahante hi kappe kappavemajjhe v± saªghabheda½ katv± kappavin±seyeva muccati. Sacepi hi ‘sve kappo vinassissat²’ti ajja saªghabheda½ karoti, sveyeva muccati, ekadivasameva niraye paccati. Eva½ karaºa½ pana natthi. Ses±ni catt±ri kamm±ni ±nantariy±neva honti, na kappaµµhitiy±n²ti. Evamettha kappaµµhitiyatopi viññ±tabbo vinicchayo. ‘P±kato’ti yena ca pañcapet±ni kamm±ni kat±ni honti, tassa saªghabhedoyeva paµisandhivasena vipaccati. Ses±ni “ahosi kamma½ n±hosi kammavip±ko”ti evam±d²su saªkha½ gacchanti. Saªghabhed±bh±ve lohitupp±do, tadabh±ve arahantagh±to, tadabh±ve sace pit± s²lav± hoti, m±t± duss²l± no v± tath± s²lavat², pitugh±to paµisandhivasena vipaccati. Sace m±t± m±tugh±to. Dv²supi s²lena v± duss²lena v± sam±nesu m±tugh±tova paµisandhivasena vipaccati; m±t± hi dukkarak±riº² bah³pak±r± ca putt±nanti. Evamettha p±katopi viññ±tabbo vinicchayo. ‘S±dh±raº±d²h²’ti purim±ni catt±ri sabbesampi gahaµµhapabbajit±na½ s±dh±raº±ni. Saªghabhedo pana “na kho, up±li, bhikkhun² saªgha½ bhindati, na sikkham±n±, na s±maºero, na s±maºer², na up±sako, na up±sik± saªgha½ bhindati. Bhikkhu kho, up±li, pakatatto sam±nasa½v±sako sam±nas²m±ya½ µhito saªgha½ bhindat²”ti (c³¼ava. 351) vacanato vuttappak±rassa bhikkhunova hoti, na aññassa; tasm± as±dh±raºo. ¾disaddena sabbepete dukkhavedan±sahagat± dosamohasampayutt± c±ti evamettha s±dh±raº±d²hipi viññ±tabbo vinicchayo. Añña½ satth±ranti ‘aya½ me satth± satthukicca½ k±tu½ samattho’ti bhavantarepi añña½ titthakara½ ‘aya½ me satth±’ti eva½ gaºheyya– neta½ µh±na½ vijjat²ti attho. Aµµhama½ bhava½ nibbatteyy±ti sabbamandapaññopi sattama½ bhava½ atikkamitv± aµµhama½ nibbatteyya– neta½ µh±na½ vijjati Uttamakoµiy± hi sattama½ bhava½ sandh±yevesa “niyato sambodhipar±yaºo”ti vutto. Ki½ pana ta½ niy±meti? Ki½ pubbahetu niy±meti ud±hu paµiladdhamaggo ud±hu upari tayo magg±ti? Samm±sambuddhena gahita½ n±mamattameta½. Puggalo pana niyato n±ma natthi. “Pubbahetu niy±met²”ti vutte hi upari tiººa½ magg±na½ upanissayo vutto hoti, paµhamamaggassa upanissay±bh±vo ±pajjati. Iccassa ahetu appaccay± nibbatti½ p±puº±ti. “Paµiladdhamaggo niy±met²”ti vutte upari tayo magg± akiccak± honti, paµhamamaggova sakiccako, paµhamamaggeneva kilese khepetv± parinibb±yitabba½ hoti. “Upari tayo magg± niy±ment²”ti vutte paµhamamaggo akiccako hoti, upari tayo magg±va sakiccak±, paµhamamagga½ anibbattetv± upari tayo magg± nibbattetabb± honti, paµhamamaggena ca anuppajjitv±va kiles± khepetabb± honti. Tasm± na añño koci niy±meti, upari tiººa½ magg±na½ vipassan±va niy±meti. Sace hi tesa½ vipassan± tikkh± s³r± hutv± vahati, eka½yeva bhava½ nibbattetv± arahatta½ patv± parinibb±ti. Tato mandatarapañño dutiye v± tatiye v± catutthe v± pañcame v± chaµµhe v± bhave arahatta½ patv± parinibb±ti. Sabbamandapañño sattama½ bhava½ nibbattetv± arahatta½ p±puº±ti, aµµhame bhave paµisandhi na hoti. Iti samm±sambuddhena gahita½ n±mamattameta½. Satth± hi buddhatul±ya tuletv± sabbaññutañ±ºena paricchinditv± ‘aya½ puggalo sabbamah±pañño tikkhavipassako ekameva bhava½ nibbattetv± arahatta½ gaºhissat²’ti ‘ekab²j²’ti n±ma½ ak±si; ‘aya½ puggalo dutiya½, tatiya½, catuttha½, pañcama½, chaµµha½ bhava½ nibbattetv± arahatta½ gaºhissat²’ti ‘kola½kolo’ti n±ma½ ak±si; ‘aya½ puggalo sattama½ bhava½ nibbattetv± arahatta½ gaºhissat²’ti ‘sattakkhattuparamo’ti n±ma½ ak±si.