Aparampi vutta½ “cha khome, gahapatiputta, ±d²nav± sur±merayamajjapam±daµµh±n±nuyoge– sandiµµhik± dhanaj±ni, kalahappava¹¹han², rog±na½ ±yatana½, akittisañjanan², kop²nanida½san², paññ±ya dubbal²karaº²tveva chaµµha½ pada½ bhavat²”ti (d². ni. 3.248). Paccakkhatopi ceta½ siddhameva. Yath± majje udaragate, citta½ sa½kilissati, paññ± dubbal± hoti, tasm± majja½ viya middhampi cittasa½kileso ceva paññ±ya dubbal²karaºañca siy±ti. Na, paccayaniddesato. Yadi hi majja½ sa½kileso bhaveyya, so “ime pañca n²varaºe pah±ya cetaso upakkilese”ti (ma. ni. 1.297) v±, “evameva kho, bhikkhave, pañcime cittassa upakkiles±, yehi upakkilesehi upakkiliµµha½ citta½ na ceva mudu hoti, na ca kammaniya½, na ca pabhassara½, pabhaªgu ca, na ca samm± sam±dhiyati ±sav±na½ khay±ya. Katame pañca? K±macchando, bhikkhave, cittassa upakkileso”ti (sa½. ni. 5.214) v±, “katame ca, bhikkhave, cittassa upakkiles±? Abhijjh± visamalobho cittassa upakkileso”ti (ma. ni. 1.71) v±– evam±d²su upakkilesaniddesesu niddesa½ ±gaccheyya. Yasm± pana tasmi½ p²te upakkiles± uppajjanti ye cittasa½kiles± ceva paññ±ya ca dubbal²karaº± honti, tasm± ta½ tesa½ paccayatt± paccayaniddesato eva½ vutta½. Middha½ pana sayameva cittassa sa½kileso ceva paññ±ya dubbal²karaºañc±ti ar³pameva middha½.

Kiñca bhiyyo? Sampayogavacanato. “Thinamiddhan²varaºa½ avijj±n²varaºena n²varaºañceva n²varaºasampayuttañc±”ti (dha. sa. 1176) hi vutta½. Tasm± sampayogavacanato nayida½ r³pa½. Na hi r³pa½ sampayuttasaªkhya½ labhat²ti. Ath±pi siy±– ‘yath±l±bhavaseneta½ vutta½. Yath± hi “sippisambukampi sakkharakathalampi macchagumbampi carantampi tiµµhantamp²”ti (d². ni. 1.249; ma. ni. 1.433) eva½ ekato katv± yath±l±bhavasena vutta½. Sakkharakathalañhi tiµµhati yeva na carati, itaradvaya½ tiµµhatipi caratipi. Evamidh±pi middha½ n²varaºameva, na sampayutta½ thina½ n²varaºampi sampayuttamp²ti sabba½ ekato katv± yath±l±bhavasena “n²varaºañceva n²varaºasampayuttañc±”ti vutta½. Middha½ pana yath± sakkharakathala½ tiµµhateva na carati, eva½ n²varaºameva, na sampayutta½. Tasm± r³pameva middhanti. Na, r³pabh±v±siddhito. Sakkharakathalañhi na carat²ti vin±pi suttena siddha½. Tasm± tattha yath±l±bhavasenattho hotu Middha½ pana r³panti asiddhameta½. Na sakk± tassa imin± suttena r³pabh±vo s±dhetunti middhassa r³pabh±v±siddhito na ida½ yath±l±bhavasena vuttanti ar³pameva middha½.

Kiñca bhiyyo? ‘Cattatt±’ti-±divacanato. Vibhaªgasmiñhi “vigatathinamiddhoti tassa thinamiddhassa cattatt± vantatt± muttatt± pah²natt± paµinissaµµhatt±, tena vuccati vigatathinamiddho”ti (vibha. 547) ca, “ida½ citta½ imamh± thinamiddh± sodheti visodheti parisodheti moceti vimoceti parimoceti, tena vuccati thinamiddh± citta½ parisodheti” c±ti (vibha. 551)– eva½ ‘cattatt±’ti-±di vutta½. Na ca ‘r³pa½’ eva½ vuccati, tasm±pi ar³pameva middhanti. Na, cittajass±sambhavavacanato. Tividhañhi middha½– cittaja½ utuja½ ±h±rajañca. Tasm± ya½ tattha cittaja½ tassa vibhaªge jh±nacittehi asambhavo vutto, na ar³pabh±vo s±dhitoti r³pameva middhanti. Na, r³pabh±v±siddhitova. Middhassa hi r³pabh±ve siddhe sakk± eta½ laddhu½. Tattha cittajass±sambhavo vutto. So eva ca na sijjhat²ti ar³pameva middha½.

Kiñca bhiyyo? Pah±navacanato. Bhagavat± hi “cha, bhikkhave, dhamme pah±ya bhabbo paµhamajjh±na½ upasampajja viharitu½; katame cha? K±macchanda½, by±p±da½, thinamiddha½, uddhacca½, kakkucca½, vicikiccha½; k±mesu kho panassa ±d²navo sammapaññ±ya sudiµµho hot²”ti (a. ni. 6.73) ca, “ime pañca n²varaºe pah±ya balavatiy± paññ±ya attattha½ v± parattha½ v± ñassat²”ti (a. ni. 5.51) ca ±d²su middhass±pi pah±na½ vutta½. Na ca r³pa½ pah±tabba½. Yath±ha– “r³pakkhandho abhiññeyyo, pariññeyyo, na pah±tabbo, na bh±vetabbo na sacchik±tabbo”ti (vibha. 1031) imass±pi pah±navacanato ar³pameva middhanti. Na, r³pass±pi pah±navacanato. “R³pa½, bhikkhave, na tumh±ka½, ta½ pajahath±”ti (ma. ni. 1.247; sa½. ni. 3.33). Ettha hi r³pass±pi pah±na½ vuttameva. Tasm± ak±raºametanti. Na, aññath± vuttatt±. Tasmiñhi sutte “yo, bhikkhave, r³pe chandar±gavinayo ta½ tattha pah±nan”ti (sa½. ni. 3.25) eva½ chandar±gappah±navasena r³passa pah±na½ vutta½, na yath± “cha dhamme pah±ya pañca n²varaºe pah±y±”ti eva½ pah±tabbameva vuttanti, aññath± vuttatt±, na r³pa½ middha½. Tasm± y±net±ni “so ime pañca n²varaºe pah±ya cetaso upakkilese”ti-±d²ni sutt±ni vutt±ni, etehi ceva aññehi ca suttehi ar³pameva middhanti veditabba½. Tath± hi–

“Pañcime, bhikkhave, ±varaº± n²varaº± cetaso ajjh±ruh± paññ±ya dubbal²karaº±. Katame pañca? K±macchando, bhikkhave, ±varaºo n²varaºo…pe… thinamiddha½, bhikkhave, ±varaºa½ n²varaºa½ cetaso ajjh±ruha½ paññ±ya dubbal²karaºan”ti (sa½. ni. 5.220) ca, “thinamiddhan²varaºa½, bhikkhave, andhakaraºa½ acakkhukaraºa½ aññ±ºakaraºa½ paññ±nirodhika½ vigh±tapakkhika½ anibb±nasa½vattanikan”ti (sa½. ni. 5.221) ca, “evameva kho, br±hmaºa, yasmi½ samaye thinamiddhapariyuµµhitena cetas± viharati thinamiddhapareten±”ti (sa½. ni. 5.236) ca, “ayoniso, bhikkhave, manasikaroto anuppanno ceva k±macchando uppajjati…pe… anuppannañceva thinamiddha½ uppajjat²”ti (sa½. ni. 5.216) ca, “kevaloh±ya½, bhikkhave, akusalar±si yadida½ pañca n²varaº±”ti (sa½. ni. 5.371) ca–

Evam±d²ni ca anek±ni etassa ar³pabh±vajotak±neva sutt±ni vutt±ni. Yasm± ceta½ ar³pa½ tasm± ±ruppepi uppajjati. Vuttañheta½ mah±pakaraºe paµµh±ne– “n²varaºa½ dhamma½ paµicca n²varaºo dhammo uppajjati, na purej±tapaccay±”ti etassa vibhaªge “±ruppe k±macchandan²varaºa½ paµicca thinamiddha½… uddhacca½ avijj±n²varaºan”ti (paµµh±. 3.8.8) sabba½ vitth±retabba½. Tasm± sanniµµh±namettha gantabba½ ar³pameva middhanti.

1166. Kukkuccaniddese akappiye kappiyasaññit±ti-±d²ni m³lato kukkuccadassanattha½ vutt±ni. Eva½saññit±ya hi kate v²tikamme, niµµhite vatthujjh±c±re, puna sañj±tasatinopi ‘duµµhu may± katan’ti eva½ anutappam±nassa pacch±nut±pavaseneta½ uppajjati. Tena ta½ m³lato dassetu½ ‘akappiye kappiyasaññit±’ti-±di vutta½. Tattha akappiyabhojana½ kappiyasaññ² hutv± paribhuñjati, akappiyama½sa½ kappiyama½sasaññ² hutv±, acchama½sa½ s³karama½santi, d²pima½sa½ v± migama½santi kh±dati; k±le v²tivatte k±lasaññ±ya, pav±retv± appav±ritasaññ±ya, pattasmi½ raje patite paµiggahitasaññ±ya bhuñjati– eva½ ‘akappiye kappiyasaññ±ya’ v²tikkama½ karoti n±ma. S³karama½sa½ pana acchama½sasaññ±ya kh±dam±no, k±le ca vik±lasaññ±ya bhuñjam±no ‘kappiye akappiyasaññit±ya’ v²tikkama½ karoti n±ma. Anavajja½ pana kiñcideva vajjasaññit±ya, vajjañca anavajjasaññit±ya karonto ‘anavajje vajjasaññ±ya vajje ca anavajjasaññ±ya’ v²tikkama½ karoti n±ma. Yasm± paneta½ “akata½ vata me kaly±ºa½, akata½ kusala½, akata½ bh²rutt±ºa½, kata½ p±pa½, kata½ ludda½, kata½ kibbisan”ti eva½ anavajje vajjasaññit±yapi kate v²tikkame uppajjati, tasm±ssa aññampi vatthu½ anuj±nanto ya½ evar³panti-±dim±ha.

Tattha kukkuccapada½ vuttatthameva. Kukkucc±yan±k±ro kukkucc±yan±. Kukkuccena ayitassa bh±vo kukkucc±yitatta½. Cetaso vippaµis±roti ettha kat±katassa s±vajj±navajjassa v± abhimukhagamana½ ‘vippaµis±ro’ n±ma. Yasm± pana so kata½ v± p±pa½ akata½ na karoti, akata½ v± kaly±ºa½ kata½ na karoti, tasm± vir³po kucchito v± paµis±roti ‘vippaµis±ro’. So pana cetaso, na sattass±ti ñ±panattha½ ‘cetaso’ vippaµis±roti vutta½. Ayamassa sabh±vaniddeso. Uppajjam±na½ pana kukkucca½ ±raggamiva ka½sapatta½ mana½ vilikham±nameva uppajjati, tasm± manovilekhoti vutta½. Ayamassa kiccaniddeso. Ya½ pana vinaye “atha kho ±yasm± s±riputto bhagavat± paµikkhitta½ anuvasitv± anuvasitv± ±vasathapiº¹a½ paribhuñjitun”ti kukkucc±yanto na paµiggahes²ti (p±ci. 204) kukkucca½ ±gata½, na ta½ n²varaºa½. Na hi arahato ‘duµµhu may± ida½ katan’ti eva½ anut±po atthi. N²varaºapatir³paka½ paneta½ ‘kappati na kappat²’ti v²ma½sanasaªkh±ta½ vinayakukkucca½ n±ma.

1176. “Katame dhamm± n²varaº± ceva n²varaºasampayutt± c±”ti padassa niddese yasm± thinamiddha½ aññamañña½ na vijahati, tasm± thinamiddhan²varaºa½ avijj±n²varaºena n²varaºañceva n²varaºasampayuttañc±ti abhinditv± vutta½. Yasm± pana uddhacce satipi kukkuccassa abh±v± kukkuccena vin±pi uddhacca½ uppajjati, tasm± ta½ bhinditv± vutta½. Yañca yena sampayoga½ na gacchati, ta½ na yojitanti veditabba½.

Ime pana n²varaºe kilesapaµip±µiy±pi ±haritu½ vaµµati maggapaµip±µiy±pi. Kilesapaµip±µiy± k±macchandaby±p±d± an±g±mimaggena pah²yanti, thinamiddhuddhacc±ni arahattamaggena, kukkuccavicikicch± sot±pattimaggena, avijj± arahattamaggena. Maggapaµip±µiy± sot±pattimaggena kukkuccavicikicch± pah²yanti, an±g±mimaggena k±macchandaby±p±d±, arahattamaggena thinamiddhuddhacc±vijj±ti.

1182. Par±m±sagocchake te dhamme µhapetv±ti pucch±sabh±gena bahuvacana½ kata½.

1219. Up±d±naniddese vatthusaªkh±ta½ k±ma½ up±diyat²ti k±mup±d±na½ k±mo ca so up±d±nañc±tipi k±mup±d±na½. Up±d±nanti da¼haggahaºa½. Da¼hattho hi ettha upasaddo up±y±sa-upakaµµh±d²su viya. Tath± diµµhi ca s± up±d±nañc±ti diµµhup±d±na½. Diµµhi½ up±diyat²ti diµµhup±d±na½. ‘Sassato att± ca loko c±’ti-±d²su (d². ni. 1.31) hi purimadiµµhi½ uttaradiµµhi up±diyahi. Tath± s²labbata½ up±diyat²ti s²labbatup±d±na½. S²labbatañca ta½ up±d±nañc±tipi s²labbatup±d±na½. Gos²lagovat±d²ni hi ‘eva½ suddh²’ti abhinivesato sayameva up±d±n±ni. Tath±, vadanti eten±ti ‘v±do’; up±diyanti eten±ti ‘up±d±na½’. Ki½ vadanti, up±diyanti v±? Att±na½. Attano v±dup±d±na½ attav±dup±d±na½; ‘attav±damattameva v± att±’ti up±diyanti eten±ti attav±dup±d±na½.

1220. Yo k±mesu k±macchandoti etth±pi vatthuk±m±va anavasesato k±m±ti adhippet±. Tasm± vatthuk±mesu k±macchando idha k±mup±d±nanti an±g±minopi ta½ siddha½ hoti. Pañcak±maguºavatthuko panassa k±mar±gova natth²ti.

1221. Diµµhup±d±naniddese natthi dinnanti. Dinna½ n±ma atthi, sakk± kassaci kiñci d±tunti j±n±ti; dinnassa pana phala½ vip±ko natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi yiµµhanti. Yiµµha½ vuccati mah±y±go. Ta½ yajitu½ sakk±ti j±n±ti; yiµµhassa pana phala½ vip±ko natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi hutanti ±hunap±hunamaªgalakiriy±. Ta½ k±tu½ sakk±ti j±n±ti; tassa pana phala½ vip±ko natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi, sukatadukkaµ±nanti ettha dasa kusalakammapath± sukatakamm±ni n±ma. Dasa akusalakammapath± dukkaµakamm±ni n±ma. Tesa½ atthibh±va½ j±n±ti phala½ vip±ko pana natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi aya½ lokoti paraloke µhito ima½ loka½ natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi paralokoti idha loke µhito paraloka½ natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi m±t± natthi pit±ti m±t±pit³na½ atthibh±va½ j±n±ti, tesu katapaccayena koci phala½ vip±ko natth²ti gaºh±ti. Natthi satt± opap±tik±ti cavanaka-upapajjanak± satt± natth²ti gaºh±ti. Sammaggat± samm± paµipann±ti anulomapaµipada½ paµipann± dhammikasamaºabr±hmaº± lokasmi½ natth²ti gaºh±ti. Ye imañca loka½ parañca loka½ saya½ abhiññ± sacchikatv± pavedent²ti imañca loka½ parañca loka½ attan±va abhivisiµµhena ñ±ºena ñatv± pavedanasamattho sabbaññ³ buddho n±ma natth²ti gaºh±ti.

Im±ni pana up±d±n±ni kilesapaµip±µiy±pi ±haritu½ vaµµati maggapaµip±µiy±pi. Kilesapaµip±µiy± k±mup±d±na½ cat³hi maggehi pah²yati, ses±ni t²ºi sot±pattimaggena. Maggapaµip±µiy± sot±pattimaggena diµµhup±d±n±d²ni pah²yanti, cat³hi maggehi k±mup±d±nanti.

1235. Kilesagocchake kiles± eva kilesavatth³ni. Vasanti v± ettha akh²º±sav± satt± lobh±d²su patiµµhitatt±ti ‘vatth³ni’. Kiles± ca te tappatiµµh±na½ satt±na½ vatth³ni c±ti ‘kilesavatth³ni’. Yasm± cettha anantarapaccay±dibh±vena uppajjam±n± kiles±pi vasanti eva n±ma, tasm± kiles±na½ vatth³n²tipi ‘kilesavatth³ni’.

1236. Tattha katamo lobho? Yo r±go s±r±goti aya½ pana lobho hetugocchake ganthagocchake imasmi½ kilesagocchaketi t²su µh±nesu atirekapadasatena niddiµµho. ¾savasa½yojana-oghayogan²varaºa-up±d±nagocchakesu aµµhahi aµµhahi padehi niddiµµho. Sv±ya½ atirekapadasatena niddiµµhaµµh±nepi aµµhahi aµµhahi padehi niddiµµhaµµh±nepi nippadesatova gahitoti veditabbo. Tesu hetuganthan²varaºa-up±d±nakilesagocchakesu catumaggavajjh± taºh± ekeneva koµµh±sena µhit±. ¾savasa½yojana-oghayogesu catumaggavajjh±pi dve koµµh±s± hutv± µhit±. Katha½? ¾savesu k±m±savo bhav±savoti, sa½yojanesu k±mar±gasa½yojana½ bhavar±gasa½yojananti, oghesu k±mogho bhavoghoti, yogesu k±mayogo bhavayogoti.

Im±ni pana kilesavatth³ni kilesapaµip±µiy±pi ±haritu½ vaµµati maggapaµip±µiy±pi. Kilesapaµip±µiy± lobho cat³hi maggehi pah²yati, doso an±g±mimaggena, moham±n± arahattamaggena, diµµhivicikicch± sot±pattimaggena, thin±d²ni arahattamaggena. Maggapaµip±µiy± sot±pattimaggena diµµhivicikicch± pah²yanti, an±g±mimaggena doso, arahattamaggena ses± satt±ti.

1287. K±m±vacaraniddese heµµhatoti heµµh±bh±gena. Av²cinirayanti v± aggij±l±na½ v± satt±na½ v± dukkhavedan±ya v²ci, antara½, chidda½ ettha natth²ti av²ci. Sukhasaªkh±to ayo ettha natth²ti nirayo. Nirati-atthenapi nirass±datthenapi nirayo. Pariyanta½ karitv±ti ta½ av²cisaªkh±ta½ niraya½ anta½ katv±. Uparitoti uparibh±gena. Paranimmitavasavattideveti paranimmitesu k±mesu vasa½ vattanato eva½laddhavoh±re deve. Anto karitv±ti anto pakkhipitv±. Ya½ etasmi½ antareti ye etasmi½ ok±se. Etth±vacar±ti imin± yasm± etasmi½ antare aññepi caranti kad±ci katthaci sambhavato, tasm± tesa½ asaªgaºhanattha½ ‘avacar±’ti vutta½. Tena ye etasmi½ antare og±¼h± hutv± caranti sabbattha sad± ca sambhavato, adhobh±ge caranti av²cinirayassa heµµh± bh³tup±d±yapavattibh±vena, tesa½ saªgaho kato hoti. Te hi avag±¼h±va caranti, adhobh±geva carant²ti avacar±. Ettha pariy±pann±ti imin± pana yasm± ete etth±vacar± aññatth±pi avacaranti, na pana tattha pariy±pann± honti, tasm± tesa½ aññatth±pi avacarant±na½ pariggaho kato hoti. Id±ni te ettha pariy±pannadhamme r±sisuññatapaccayabh±vato ceva sabh±vato ca dassento khandh±ti-±dim±ha.

1289. R³p±vacaraniddese brahmalokanti paµhamajjh±nabh³misaªkh±ta½ brahmaµµh±na½. Sesamettha k±m±vacaraniddese vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Sam±pannassa v±ti-±d²su paµhamapadena kusalajjh±na½ vutta½, dutiyena vip±kajjh±na½, vutta½ tatiyena kiriyajjh±na½ vuttanti veditabba½.

1291. Ar³p±vacaraniddese ±k±s±nañc±yatan³pageti ±k±s±nañc±yatanasaªkh±ta½ bhava½ upagate. Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo. Sesa½ heµµh± vuttanayeneva veditabba½.

1301. Saraºadukaniddese yv±ya½ t²su akusalam³lesu moho, so lobhasampayutto ca lobhena saraºo, dosasampayutto ca dosena saraºo. Vicikicchuddhaccasampayutto pana moho diµµhisampayuttena ceva r³par±ga-ar³par±gasaªkh±tena ca r±garaºena pah±nekaµµhabh±vato saraºo sarajoti veditabbo.