Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm±sambuddhassa.

Majjhimanik±ye

Majjhimapaºº±sa-aµµhakath±

1. Gahapativaggo

1. Kandarakasuttavaººan±

1. Eva½ me sutanti kandarakasutta½. Tattha camp±yanti eva½n±make nagare. Tassa hi nagarassa ±r±mapokkharaº²-±d²su tesu tesu µh±nesu campakarukkh±va ussann± ahesu½, tasm± camp±ti saªkhamagam±si. Gaggar±ya pokkharaºiy± t²reti tassa camp±nagarassa avid³re gaggar±ya n±ma r±jamahesiy± khaºitatt± gaggar±ti laddhavoh±r± pokkharaº² atthi. Tass± t²re samantato n²l±dipañcavaººakusumapaµimaº¹ita½ mahanta½ campakavana½. Tasmi½ bhagav± kusumagandhasugandhe campakavane viharati. Ta½ sandh±ya “gaggar±ya pokkharaºiy± t²re”ti vutta½. Mahat± bhikkhusaªghena saddhinti adassitaparicchedena mahantena bhikkhusaªghena saddhi½. Pessoti tassa n±ma½. Hatth±rohaputtoti hatth±cariyassa putto. Kandarako ca paribb±jakoti kandarakoti eva½n±mo channaparibb±jako. Abhiv±detv±ti chabbaºº±na½ ghanabuddharasm²na½ antara½ pavisitv± pasannal±kh±rase nimujjam±no viya, siªg²suvaººavaººa½ dussavara½ pas±retv± sas²sa½ p±rupam±no viya, vaººagandhasampannacampakapupph±ni siras± sampaµicchanto viya, sinerup±da½ upagacchanto puººacando viya bhagavato cakkalakkhaºapaµimaº¹ite alattakavaººaphullapadumasassirike p±de vanditv±ti attho. Ekamanta½ nis²d²ti chanisajjadosavirahite ekasmi½ ok±se nis²di.

Tuºh²bh³ ta½ tuºh²bh³tanti yato yato anuviloketi, tato tato tuºh²bh³tamev±ti attho. Tattha hi ekabhikkhuss±pi hatthakukkucca½ v± p±dakukkucca½ v± natthi, sabbe bhagavato ceva g±ravena attano ca sikkhitasikkhat±ya aññamañña½ vigatasall±p± antamaso ukk±sitasaddampi akaront± sunikh±ta-indakh²l± viya niv±taµµh±ne sannisinna½ mah±samudda-udaka½ viya k±yenapi niccal± manas±pi avikkhitt± rattaval±hak± viya sineruk³µa½ bhagavanta½ pariv±retv± nis²di½su. Paribb±jakassa eva½ sannisinna½ parisa½ disv± mahanta½ p²tisomanassa½ uppajji. Uppanna½ pana antohadayasmi½yeva sannidahitu½ asakkonto piyasamud±h±ra½ samuµµh±pesi. Tasm± acchariya½ bhoti-±dim±ha.

Tattha andhassa pabbat±rohana½ viya nicca½ na hot²ti acchariya½. Aya½ t±va saddanayo. Aya½ pana aµµhakath±nayo acchar±yogganti acchariya½. Acchara½ paharitu½ yuttanti attho. Abh³tapubba½ bh³tanti abbhuta½. Ubhayampeta½ vimhayassev±dhivacana½. Ta½ paneta½ garaha-acchariya½, pasa½s±-acchariyanti duvidha½ hoti. Tattha acchariya½ moggall±na abbhuta½ moggall±na, y±va b±h±gahaº±pi n±ma so moghapuriso ±gamessat²ti (c³¼ava. 383; a. ni. 8.20), ida½ garaha-acchariya½ n±ma. “Acchariya½ nandam±te abbhuta½ nandam±te, yatra hi n±ma cittupp±dampi parisodhessas²ti (a. ni. 7.53) ida½ pasa½s±-acchariya½ n±ma. Idh±pi idameva adhippeta½” ayañhi ta½ pasa½santo evam±ha.

Y±vañcidanti ettha idanti nip±tamatta½. Y±v±ti pam±ºaparicchedo, y±va samm± paµip±dito, yattakena pam±ºena samm± paµip±dito, na sakk± tassa vaººe vattu½, atha kho acchariyameveta½ abbhutamevetanti vutta½ hoti. Etaparama½yev±ti eva½ samm± paµip±dito eso bhikkhusaªgho tass±pi bhikkhusaªghassa paramoti etaparamo, ta½ etaparama½ yath± aya½ paµip±dito, eva½ paµip±dita½ katv± paµip±desu½, na ito bhiyyoti attho. Dutiyanaye eva½ paµip±dessanti, na ito bhiyyoti yojetabba½. Tattha paµip±ditoti ±bhisam±c±rikavatta½ ±di½ katv± samm± apaccan²kapaµipattiya½ yojito. Atha kasm± aya½ paribb±jako at²t±n±gate buddhe dasseti, kimassa tiyaddhaj±nanañ±ºa½ atth²ti. Natthi, nayagg±he pana µhatv± “yen±k±rena aya½ bhikkhusaªgho sannisinno danto vin²to upasanto, at²tabuddh±pi etaparama½yeva katv± paµipajj±pesu½, an±gatabuddh±pi paµipajj±pessanti, natthi ito uttari paµip±dan±”ti maññam±no anubuddhiy± evam±ha.

2. Evameta½ kandarak±ti p±µi-ekko anusandhi. Bhagav± kira ta½ sutv± “kandaraka tva½ bhikkhusaªgha½ upasantoti vadasi, imassa pana bhikkhusaªghassa upasantak±raºa½ tuyha½ ap±kaµa½, na hi tva½ samati½sa p±ramiy± p³retv± kusalam³la½ parip±cetv± bodhipallaªke sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ paµivijjhi, may± pana p±ramiyo p³retv± ñ±tatthacariya½ lokatthacariya½ buddhatthacariyañca koµi½ p±petv± bodhipallaªke sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ paµividdha½, mayha½ etesa½ upasantak±raºa½ p±kaµan”ti dassetu½ ima½ desana½ ±rabhi.

Santi hi kandarak±ti ayampi p±µi-ekko anusandhi. Bhagavato kira etadahosi– “aya½ paribb±jako ima½ bhikkhusaªgha½ upasantoti vadati, ayañca bhikkhusaªgho kappetv± pakappetv± kuhakabh±vena iriy±patha½ saºµhapento cittena anupasanto na upasant±k±ra½ dasseti. Ettha pana bhikkhusaªghe paµipada½ p³rayam±n±pi paµipada½ p³retv± matthaka½ patv± µhitabhikkh³pi atthi, tattha paµipada½ p³retv± matthaka½ patt± attan± paµividdhaguºeheva upasant±, paµipada½ p³rayam±n± uparimaggassa vipassan±ya upasant±, ito mutt± pana avases± cat³hi satipaµµh±nehi upasant±. Ta½ nesa½ upasantak±raºa½ dassess±m²”ti “imin± ca imin± ca k±raºena aya½ bhikkhusaªgho upasanto”ti dassetu½ “santi hi kandarak±”ti-±dim±ha.

Tattha arahanto kh²º±sav±ti-±d²su ya½ vattabba½, ta½ m³lapariy±yasuttavaººan±yameva vutta½. Sekhapaµipadampi tattheva vitth±rita½. Santatas²l±ti satatas²l± nirantaras²l±. Santatavuttinoti tasseva vevacana½, santataj²vik± v±tipi attho. Tasmi½ santatas²le µhatv±va j²vika½ kappenti, na duss²lya½ maraºa½ p±puºant²ti attho.

Nipak±ti nepakkena samann±gat± paññavanto. Nipakavuttinoti paññ±ya vuttino, paññ±ya µhatv± j²vika½ kappenti. Yath± ekacco s±sane pabbajitv±pi j²vitak±raº± chasu agocaresu carati, vesiy±gocaro hoti, vidhavathullakum±rikapaº¹akap±n±g±rabhikkhunigocaro hoti. Sa½saµµho viharati r±j³hi r±jamah±mattehi titthiyehi titthiyas±vakehi ananulomikena gihisa½saggena (vibha. 514), vejjakamma½ karoti, d³takamma½ karoti, pahiºakamma½ karoti, gaº¹a½ ph±leti, arumakkhana½ deti, uddha½virecana½ deti, adhovirecana½ deti, natthutela½ pacati, pivanatela½ pacati, ve¼ud±na½, pattad±na½, pupphad±na½, phalad±na½, sin±nad±na½, dantakaµµhad±na½, mukhodakad±na½, cuººamattikad±na½ deti, c±µukamya½ karoti, muggas³piya½, p±ribhaµu½, jaªghapesaniya½ karot²ti ekav²satividh±ya anesan±ya j²vika½ kappento anipakavutti n±ma hoti, na paññ±ya µhatv± j²vika½ kappeti, tato k±lakiriya½ katv± samaºayakkho n±ma hutv± “tassa saªgh±µipi ±ditt± hoti sampajjalit±”ti vuttanayena mah±dukkha½ anubhoti. Eva½vidh± ahutv± j²vitahetupi sikkh±pada½ anatikkamanto catup±risuddhis²le patiµµh±ya yath±bala½ buddhavacana½ uggaºhitv± rathavin²tapaµipada½, mah±gosiªgapaµipada½, mah±suññatapaµipada½, anaªgaºapaµipada½, dhammad±y±dapaµipada½, n±lakapaµipada½, tuvaµµakapaµipada½, candopamapaµipadanti im±ni ariyapaµipad±ni p³rento catupaccaya-santosa-bh±van±r±ma-ariyava½sapaµipattiya½ k±yasakkhino hutv± an²k± nikkhantahatth² viya y³th± vissaµµhas²ho viya nipacch±bandhamah±n±v± viya ca gaman±d²su ekavih±rino vipassana½ paµµhapetv± ajja-ajjeva arahattanti pavatta-uss±h± viharant²ti attho.

Suppatiµµhitacitt±ti cat³su satipaµµh±nesu suµµhapitacitt± hutv±. Ses± satipaµµh±nakath± heµµh± vitth±rit±va. Idha pana lokiyalokuttaramissak± satipaµµh±n± kathit±, ettakena bhikkhusaªghassa upasantak±raºa½ kathita½ hoti.

3. Y±va supaññatt±ti y±va suµµhapit± sudesit±. Mayampi hi, bhanteti imin± esa attano k±rakabh±va½ dasseti, bhikkhusaªghañca ukkhipati. Ayañhettha adhipp±yo, mayampi hi, bhante, gihi…pe… suppatiµµhitacitt± vihar±ma, bhikkhusaªghassa pana ayameva kasi ca b²jañca yuganaªgalañca ph±lap±canañca, tasm± bhikkhusaªgho sabbak±la½ satipaµµh±napar±yaºo, maya½ pana k±lena k±la½ ok±sa½ labhitv± eta½ manasik±ra½ karoma, mayampi k±rak±, na sabbaso vissaµµhakammaµµh±n±yev±ti. Manussagahaneti manuss±na½ ajjh±sayagahanena gahanat±, ajjh±sayass±pi nesa½ kilesagahanena gahanat± veditabb±. Kasaµas±µheyyesupi eseva nayo. Tattha aparisuddhaµµhena kasaµat±, ker±µiyaµµhena s±µheyyat± veditabb±. Satt±na½ hit±hita½ j±n±t²ti eva½ gahanakasaµaker±µiy±na½ manuss±na½ hit±hitapaµipada½ y±va suµµhu bhagav± j±n±ti. Yadida½ pasavoti ettha sabb±pi catuppadaj±ti pasavoti adhippet±. Pahom²ti sakkomi. Y±vatakena antaren±ti yattakena khaºena. Campa½ gat±gata½ karissat²ti assamaº¹alato y±va camp±nagaradv±r± gamanañca ±gamanañca karissati. S±µheyy±n²ti saµhatt±ni. K³µeyy±n²ti k³µatt±ni. Vaªkeyy±n²ti vaªkatt±ni. Jimheyy±n²ti jimhatt±ni. P±tukarissat²ti pak±sessati dassessati. Na hi sakk± tena t±ni ettakena antarena dassetu½.

Tattha yassa kismiñcideva µh±ne µh±tuk±massa sato ya½ µh±na½ manuss±na½ sappaµibhaya½, purato gantv± vañcetv± µhass±m²ti na hoti, tasmi½ µh±tuk±maµµh±neyeva nikh±tatthambho viya catt±ro p±de niccale katv± tiµµhati, aya½ saµho n±ma. Yassa pana kismiñcideva µh±ne avacchinditv± khandhagata½ p±tetuk±massa sato ya½ µh±na½ manuss±na½ sappaµibhaya½, purato gantv± vañcetv± p±tess±m²ti na hoti, tattheva avacchinditv± p±teti, aya½ k³µo n±ma. Yassa kismiñcideva µh±ne magg± ukkamma nivattitv± paµimagga½ ±rohituk±massa sato ya½ µh±na½ manuss±na½ sappaµibhaya½, purato gantv± vañcetv± eva½ kariss±m²ti na hoti, tattheva magg± ukkamma nivattitv± paµimagga½ ±rohati, aya½ vaªko n±ma. Yassa pana k±lena v±mato k±lena dakkhiºato k±lena ujumaggeneva gantuk±massa sato ya½ µh±na½ manuss±na½ sappaµibhaya½, purato gantv± vañcetv± eva½ kariss±m²ti na hoti, tattheva k±lena v±mato k±lena dakkhiºato k±lena ujumagga½ gacchati, tath± laº¹a½ v± pass±va½ v± vissajjetuk±massa sato ida½ µh±na½ susammaµµha½ ±kiººamanussa½ ramaº²ya½, imasmi½ µh±ne evar³pa½ k±tu½ na yutta½, purato gantv± paµicchannaµh±ne kariss±m²ti na hoti, tattheva karoti, aya½ jimho n±ma. Iti ima½ catubbidhampi kiriya½ sandh±yeta½ vutta½. Sabb±ni t±ni s±µheyy±ni k³µeyy±ni vaªkeyy±ni jimheyy±ni p±tukarissat²ti eva½ karont±pi te saµh±dayo t±ni s±µheyy±d²ni p±tukaronti n±ma.

Eva½ pas³na½ utt±nabh±va½ dassetv± id±ni manuss±na½ gahanabh±va½ dassento amh±ka½ pana, bhanteti-±dim±ha. Tattha d±s±ti antoj±tak± v± dhanakk²t± v± karamar±n²t± v± saya½ v± d±sabya½ upagat±. Pess±ti pesanak±rak±. Kammakar±ti bhattavetanabhat±. Aññath±va k±yen±ti aññenev±k±rena k±yena samud±caranti, aññenev±k±rena v±c±ya, aññena ca nesa½ ±k±rena citta½ µhita½ hot²ti dasseti. Tattha ye sammukh± s±mike disv± paccuggamana½ karonti, hatthato bhaº¹aka½ gaºhanti, ima½ vissajjetv± ima½ gaºhant± ses±nipi ±sana-paññ±pana-t±lavaºµab²jana-p±dadhovan±d²ni sabb±ni kicc±ni karonti, parammukhak±le pana telampi uttaranta½ na olokenti, satagghanakepi sahassagghanakepi kamme parih±yante nivattitv± oloketumpi na icchanti, ime aññath± k±yena samud±caranti n±ma. Ye pana sammukh± “amh±ka½ s±mi amh±ka½ ayyo”ti-±d²ni vatv± pasa½santi, parammukh± avattabba½ n±ma natthi, ya½ icchanti, ta½ vadanti, ime aññath± v±c±ya samud±caranti n±ma.

4. Catt±rome pessapuggal±ti ayampi p±µi-ekko anusandhi. Ayañhi pesso “y±vañcida½, bhante, bhagav± eva½ manussagahaºe eva½ manussakasaµe eva½ manussas±µheyye vattam±ne satt±na½ hit±hita½ j±n±t²”ti ±ha. Purime ca tayo puggal± ahitapaµipada½ paµipann±, upari catuttho hitapaµipada½, evamaha½ satt±na½ hit±hita½ j±n±m²ti dassetu½ ima½ desana½ ±rabhi. Heµµh± kandarakassa kath±ya saddhi½ yojetumpi vaµµati. Tena vutta½ “y±vañcida½ bhot± gotamena samm± bhikkhusaªgho paµip±dito”ti. Athassa bhagav± “purime tayo puggale pah±ya upari catutthapuggalassa hitapaµipattiya½yeva paµip±dem²”ti dassentopi ima½ desana½ ±rabhi. Santoti ida½ sa½vijjam±n±ti padasseva vevacana½. “Sant± honti samit± v³pasant±”ti (vibha. 542) ettha hi niruddh± sant±ti vutt±. “Sant± ete vih±r± ariyassa vinaye vuccant²”ti ettha (ma. ni. 1.82) nibbut±. “Santo have sabbhi pavedayant²”ti ettha (j±. 2.21.413) paº¹it±. Idha pana vijjam±n± upalabbham±n±ti attho.

Attantap±d²su att±na½ tapati dukkh±pet²ti attantapo. Attano parit±pan±nuyoga½ attaparit±pan±nuyoga½. Para½ tapati dukkh±pet²ti parantapo. Paresa½ parit±pan±nuyoga½ paraparit±pan±nuyoga½. Diµµheva dhammeti imasmi½yeva attabh±ve. Nicch±toti ch±ta½ vuccati taºh±, s± assa natth²ti nicch±to. Sabbakiles±na½ nibbutatt± nibbuto. Anto t±panakiles±na½ abh±v± s²talo j±toti s²tibh³to. Jh±namaggaphalanibb±nasukh±ni paµisa½vedet²ti sukhapaµisa½ved². Brahmabh³tena attan±ti seµµhabh³tena attan±. Citta½ ±r±dhet²ti citta½ samp±deti, parip³reti gaºh±ti pas±det²ti attho.

5. Dukkhapaµikk³lanti dukkhassa paµik³la½, paccan²kasaºµhita½ dukkha½ apatthayam±nanti attho.

6. Paº¹itoti idha cat³hi k±raºehi paº¹itoti na vattabbo, satipaµµh±nesu pana kamma½ karot²ti paº¹itoti vattu½ vaµµati. Mah±paññoti idampi mahante atthe pariggaºh±t²ti-±din± mah±paññalakkhaºena na vattabba½, satipaµµh±naparigg±hik±ya pana paññ±ya samann±gatatt± mah±paññoti vattu½ vaµµati. Mahat± atthena sa½yutto agamiss±ti mahat± atthena sa½yutto hutv± gato bhaveyya, sot±pattiphala½ p±puºeyy±ti attho. Ki½ pana yesa½ maggaphal±na½ upanissayo atthi, buddh±na½ sammukh²bh±ve µhitepi tesa½ antar±yo hot²ti. ¾ma hoti, na pana buddhe paµicca, atha kho kiriyaparih±niy± v± p±pamittat±ya v± hoti. Tattha kiriyaparih±niy± hoti n±ma– sace hi dhammasen±pati dhanañj±nissa br±hmaºassa ±saya½ ñatv± dhamma½ adesayiss±, so br±hmaºo sot±panno abhaviss±, eva½ t±va kiriyaparih±niy± hoti. P±pamittat±ya hoti n±ma– sace hi aj±tasattu devadattassa vacana½ gahetv± pitugh±takamma½ n±kariss±, s±maññaphalasuttakathitadivaseva sot±panno abhaviss±, tassa vacana½ gahetv± pitugh±takammassa katatt± pana na hoti, eva½ p±pamittat±ya hoti. Imass±pi up±sakassa kiriyaparih±ni j±t±, apariniµµhit±ya desan±ya uµµhahitv± pakkanto. Apica, bhikkhave, ett±vat±pi pesso hatth±rohaputto mahat± atthena sa½yuttoti katarena mahantena atthena? Dv²hi ±nisa½sehi. So kira up±sako saªghe ca pas±da½ paµilabhi, satipaµµh±napariggahaºatth±ya cassa abhinavo nayo udap±di. Tena vutta½ “mahat± atthena sa½yutto”ti. Kandarako pana saªghe pas±dameva paµilabhi. Etassa bhagav± k±loti etassa dhammakkh±nassa, catunna½ v± puggal±na½ vibhajanassa k±lo.

8. Orabbhik±d²su urabbh± vuccanti e¼ak±, urabbhe hanat²ti orabbhiko. S³karik±d²supi eseva nayo. Luddoti d±ruºo kakkha¼o. Macchagh±takoti macchabandhakevaµµo. Bandhan±g±rikoti bandhan±g±ragopako. Kururakammant±ti d±ruºakammant±.

9. Muddh±vasittoti khattiy±bhisekena muddhani abhisitto. Puratthimena nagarass±ti nagarato puratthimadis±ya. Santh±g±ranti yaññas±la½. Khar±jina½ niv±setv±ti sakhura½ ajinacamma½ niv±setv±. Sappitelen±ti sappin± ca telena ca. Ýhapetv± hi sappi½ avaseso yo koci sneho telanti vuccati. Kaº¹³vam±noti nakh±na½ chinnatt± kaº¹³vitabbak±le tena kaº¹³vam±no. Anantarahit±y±ti asanthat±ya. Sar³pavacch±y±ti sadisavacch±ya. Sace g±v² set± hoti, vacchopi setakova. Sace g±v² kabar± v± ratt± v±, vacchopi t±diso v±ti eva½ sar³pavacch±ya. So evam±h±ti so r±j± eva½ vadeti. Vacchatar±ti taruºavacchakabh±va½ atikkant± balavavacch±. Vacchatar²supi eseva nayo. Barihisatth±y±ti parikkhepakaraºatth±ya ceva yaññabh³miya½ attharaºatth±ya ca. Sesa½ heµµh± tattha tattha vitth±ritatt± utt±namev±ti.

Papañcas³daniy± majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±ya

Kandarakasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.